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CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHM/ICMH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  Microreproductions  /  Institut  canadien  de  microreproductions  historiques 


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1981 


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Technical  and  Bibliographic  Notes/Notes  techniques  et  bibliographiques 


The  Institute  has  attempted  to  obtain  the  best 
original  ccpy  available  for  filming.  Features  of  this 
copy  which  may  be  bibliographically  unique, 
which  may  alter  any  of  the  images  in  the 
reproduction,  or  which  may  significantly  change 
the  usual  method  of  fi'ming,  are  checked  below. 


L'Institut  a  microfilmd  le  meilleur  exemplaire 
qu'il  lui  a  6t6  possible  de  se  procurer.  Les  details 
de  cet  exemplaire  qui  sont  peut-dtre  uniques  du 
point  de  vue  bibliographique,  qui  peuvent  modifier 
une  image  reproduite,  ou  qui  peuvent  exiger  une 
modification  dans  la  m^thode  normale  de  filmage 
sont  indiquds  ci-dessous. 


D 


Coloured  covers/ 
Couverture  de  couleur 


□    Covers  damaged/ 
Couverture  endommagee 

□    Covers  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Couverture  restaur^e  et/ou  pellicul6e 


D 
D 

n 


Coloured  pages/ 
Pages  de  couleur 

Pages  damaged/ 
Pages  er.dom^mag^es 

Pages  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Pages  rostaur^es  et/ou  pellicul^es 


D 


Cover  title  missing/ 

Le  titre  de  couverture  manque 


v/ 


Pages  discoloured,  stained  or  foxed/ 
Pages  d6color6es,  tachetdes  ou  piquees 


D 


Coloured  maps/ 

Cartes  g^ographiques  en  couleur 


D 


Pages  detached/ 
Pages  detachees 


D 


Coloured  ink  (i.e.  other  than  blue  or  black)/ 
Encre  de  couleur  (i.e.  autre  que  bleue  ou  noire) 


/ 


Showthrough/ 
Transparence 


D 


v 


Coloured  plates  and/or  illustrations/ 
Planches  et/nu  illustrations  en  cculeur 

Bound  with  other  material/ 
Relie  avec  d'autres  documents 


D 

D 


Quality  of  print  varies/ 
Qualite  inegale  de  I'impression 

Includes  supplementary  material/ 
Comprend  du  materiel  supplemenvaire 


^ 


n 


Tight  binding  may  cause  shadows  or  distortion 
along  interior  margin/ 

La  reliure  serree  peut  causer  de  I'ombre  ou  de  la 
distortion  le  long  de  la  marge  intirieure 

Blank  leaves  added  during  restoration  may 
appear  within  the  text.  Whenever  possible,  these 
have  been  omitted  from  filming/ 
II  sr  peut  que  certaines  pages  blanches  ajoutdes 
lors  d'une  restauration  apparaissent  dans  le  texte, 
mais,  lorsque  cela  6tait  possible,  ces  pages  n'ont 
pas  et^  fi<mees 


Only  edition  available/ 
Seule  Edition  disponible 

Paqes  wholly  or  partially  obscured  by  errata 
slips,  tissues,  etc.,  have  been  refilmed  to 
ensure  the  best  possible  image/ 
Les  pages  totalement  ou  partiellement 
obscurcies  par  un  feuillet  d'errata,  une  pelure, 
etc.,  ont  6t6  film^es  i  nouveau  de  facon  d 
obtenir  la  meilleure  image  possible. 


D 


Additional  comments:/ 
Commentaires  supplementaires: 


This  item  is  filmed  at  the  reduction  ratio  checked  below/ 

Ce  document  est  filmd  au  taux  de  reduction  indiqu6  ci-dessous. 


10X 

14X 

18X 

22X 

26X 

30X 

y 

12X 


16X 


20X 


24X 


28X 


32X 


The  copy  filmed  here  has  been  reproduced  thanks 
to  the  generosity  of: 

National  Library  of  Canada 


L'exemplaire  filmd  fut  reproduit  grdce  d  la 
g^ndrositd  He: 

Bibliothdqiie  nationale  du  Canada 


The  images  appearing  here  are  the  best  quality 
possible  considering  the  condition  and  legibility 
of  the  original  copy  and  in  keeping  with  the 
filming  contract  specifications. 


Les  images  suivantes  ont  6t6  reproduites  avec  le 
plus  grand  soin,  compte  tenu  de  la  condition  et 
de  la  nettetd  de  l'exemplaire  film6,  et  en 
conformity  avec  les  conditions  du  contrat  de 
filmage. 


Original  copies  in  printed  paper  covers  are  filmed 
beginning  with  the  front  cover  and  ending  on 
the  last  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, or  the  back  cover  when  appropriate.  All 
other  original  copies  are  filmed  beginning  on  the 
first  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, and  ending  on  the  last  page  with  a  printed 
or  illustrated  impression. 


The  last  recorded  frame  on  each  microfiche 
shall  contain  the  symbol  —^-(meaning   "CON- 
TINUED "),  or  the  symbol  V  (meaning   "END  "), 
whichever  appHes. 

Maps,  plates,  charts,  etc.,  may  be  filmed  at 
different  reduction  ratios.  Those  too  large  to  be 
entirely  included  in  one  exposure  are  filmed 
beginning  in  the  upper  left  hand  corner,  left  to 
right  and  top  to  bottom,  as  many  frames  as 
required.  The  following  diagrams  illustrate  the 
method: 


Les  exemplaires  originaux  dori^  la  couverture  en 
papier  est  imprim6&  sont  film^s  en  commenpent 
par  l<}  premier  plat  et  en  terminant  soit  par  la 
dernidre  page  qui  oomporte  une  empreinte 
d"impression  ou  d"illustration,  soit  par  le  second 
plat.,  selon  le  cas.  Tous  les  autres  exemplaires 
originaux  sont  filmds  en  commenpant  par  la 
premidre  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration  et  en  terminant  par 
la  dernidre  page  qui  comporte  une  telle 
empreinte. 

Un  des  symboles  suivants  apparaitra  sur  la 
dernidre  image  de  chaque  microfiche,  selon  le 
cas:  le  symbole  — ^  signifie  "A  SUIVRE",  le 
symbole  V  signifie  '"FIN"'. 

Les  cartes,  planches,  tableaux,  etc.,  peuvent  Stre 
filmds  d  des  taux  de  reduction  diff6rents. 
Lorsque  le  document  est  trop  grand  pour  etre 
reproduit  en  un  seul  cliche,  il  est  filmd  d  partir 
de  Tangle  supdrieur  gauche,  de  gauche  d  droite, 
et  de  haut  en  bas,  en  prenant  le  nombre 
d'images  n6cessaire.  Les  diagrammes  su;vants 
illustrent  la  mdthode. 


1 

2 

3 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

\ 


//^ 


Hisi 


TO 


W 


yj^d, 


7- 


THE  WHITE  CITY. 


THK 


Historical,  Biographical  and  Philaiithropical  Record 


OI' 


ILLINOIS, 


r.v 


JOHN  MOSES  Axi)  PAUL  SELBY. 

TO   WHICH    IS    ADDKI)    A    SKETCH    OF   THIC    DISTRICT   OF 

COLUMBIA,    THK  PRESIDHXTS  OF  THE  UNITED 

STATES,    AND    ILLINOIS 

AT  THK 

WORLD'S  COLUMBIAN  EXPOSITION. 


CIvASSIFIEO    AND    ILLUSTRATED. 


CHICAGO  : 

Chicago  World  Book  Company, 
1893. 


F  5  4  ( 


155939 


V 


^-■-'«ce  of  U.  I.,,,,Ha,,  of  Co„p.ess,  at  U-;,s,.i„,..„,  ,,  C. 
■^'■'-  Kii'.HTs  ki:si:kvi:i). 


THE  HENRY  0.  SHEPARO  CO.,  PRINTERS  AnTboOK  si 


NOERS,  CHICAGO. 


John   Mosf.s. 


Paul  Selbv 


ii«a  h^n  II      I 


lOk    MORI';   THAN    FORTY    YEARS 

CONSPICUOUSLY     IDKXTIFIHD     WITH     THF:     ACIRICI^LTURAL,     MK- 

CHANICAL     AND     CO.MMl-RCIAL     INTHRKSTS     OF     THE 

STATE   OF    ILLINOIS; 

SI'.CRETARY     AND    VICE-I'RFSIDENT    OF     THE     STATE     BOARD    OF 

AC.Ricri/ruRE; 

COMMISSIONER     FOR      ILLINOIS     AND     THE     EXITED     vSTATES    TO 

tiif;  I'RENcri  enivi'.rsal  f'.xi-osition  of  1S67; 

ILLINOIS    COMMISSIONER    TO    TIIF",    CEXTEXXIAL    EXPOSITION    AT 

PHILADELPHIA    IX    1876; 
SECRETARY     AXD    LEADIXO     SPIRIT     OF     Till':     CHICAGO    INTER- 


STATf:    I'.X POSITION,    AND 

director-in-chif;f  oi*  thi',  Illinois  exhip.it  ix  the  world's 

colempjax  expositiox  of  1s93  —  tested  ix  maxy  hon- 

orap.le  positions  axd  rouxd  waxtixg  ix  none  — 

this  yoluml',  is  respectfully  dedicated  by 

THE  AUTHORS. 


i 

— 

''■■■  .  ■^'' 

AL, 

MK- 

-IE 

ARD 

OF 

TES 

TO 

'ION 

AT 

INTKR- 


i'orld's 


HON- 


DRS. 


John  Parker  Reynolds. 


'Acrostic 


T  ()  hitn  who  scuns  this  'I'illc   I*;ii;v  willi  care 

II  ()\v  j^rcat  reward,  since  he    ah)ne  can  sliare 

K  ach  thoiii^ht  the    artist's    brain    conceived,    wliose  pen 

C  onveved  tlie    picture  to  the  i^aze  of  nie'i. 

II  ere,  the  "White  City;''   and  'tis  well  to  see 

I  n  twelve  "Trunk  Lines"  what  strong  supports  there  Ix, 

C  olnnins  of  "Seals"  of  every  State  appear; 

A  ttached  arc  names,  now  noted  far  and  near ; 

Ci  rand  Aich  these  Columns  crowns,  in  blocks  of  stone - 

O  n  each  a  name  familiar  as  your  own  — 

W  hile   Brackets    give  support.     Study  them   well, 

O  r,  on  their  symbols  let  your  eye  now  dwell. 

R  cwarded  you  will  be  to  then    pursue 

L  ines  practical,  artistic  —  (t//  in  view; 

D  ownward  3'our  glance  should  fall   to  left  and  right, 

B  eholding  Man's  and  Nature's  skill  and  might. 

O  pen  the  gateway  to  the  great  "  World's  Fair," 

O  ur  own  Columbia  welcoming  you    there; 

K  indred,  indeed,  though  other  lands,  to-day, 

C  laim  an  allegiance  that  you  gladly  pay. 

O  f  all  the  means  by  which  you  may  attain 

M  ore  than  a  passing  view, —  true  knowledge   gain, 

P  ermit  the  "Gate  Ajar"  to  bring  to  you 

A  world  of  vonders,  as  you  glance  it  through, 

N  ow,  onr  White  City  ever  swings  this  way  ; 

Y  ou  may  its  pages  read,  and  av//  3'ou,  pray  ? 


-■:}h 


-^i 


Preface 6 

CHAPTER  I. 

Importance  of  State  History — "The  Illinois  CounLfy" — Origin  of  the  Kanie — Topojf 
raphj-,  Soil ,  Climate  and  Natural  Production^ 9 

CHAPTER  II. 

Discoveries  of  Joliet,  Marquette  and  ^a  Salle  —  Sad  Fate  of  the  ;<atter  —  Henry  Di- 
Tonty — The  Indian  Confederation;  at  "Starved  Rock  " 17 

CHAPTER  III. 

Aboriginal  Occupants  of  the  Soil — Early  Erench  Missions  on  the  Upper  Illinois  and  at 
Cahokia  and  Kaskaskia 27 

CHAPTER  IV. 

First  I'ermanent  Settlements  —  The  Croup  of  French  Villages  about  Kaskaskia — New 
France — Illinois  Attached  to  Louisiana ;i5 

CHAPTER  V. 

British  Occupation — English  Governors — Col.  George  Rogers  Clark's  I^xpedition — Con- 
quest of  Illinois — British  Attack  ju  St.  Louis — Capture  of  Fort  St.  Joseph  .    .      ;,9 

CHAPTER  VI. 

Illinois  ."s  Part  of  the  North'"est  and  Indiana  Territories — Ordinance  of  17S7 — Governors 
vSt.  Clair  and  Harrison — Indian  Treaties  —  Illinois  Territory  Organi/.e<l — luirly 
Settlers — Governor  Edwards— War  of  1S12 — Fort  Dearborn  JIassacre — Early  Illi- 
nois Towns 46 

CHAPTER  VII. 

Illinois  Admitted  into  the  Union — Administration  of  Governor  Ik-ud — Removal  of  the 
Capitol  to  Vandalia — Governor  Cole.s — Emai.cipatiou  of  his  Slaves — Attempt  to 
Introduce  Slavery  into  Illinois — The  Prominent  Leaders 59 

CHAPTER  VIII. 

The    Administrations    of   Governors    Edwards,    Reynolds,   Duncan,   Carlin,  Ford   and 
French  —  Personal    and   Character  Sketches  —  The    Black   Hawk,    Monuon   aiil 
Mexican  War.s — Internal  Imjirovement  Craze — The  Lovejoy  Murder — Appearanc 
of  New  Men  ir   jtate  Affairs 69 

CHAPTER  IX. 

State  Constitutional  Convention  of  1S47 — Features  of  ihe  New  Constitution — Governor 
French's  Second  Term — Illinois  Central  Railroad — Matteson's  Administration- 
Organization  of  the  Republican  Party — Lincoln-Douglas  Debate cS;, 

• « 
Xll 


CONTENTS  —  ILLINOIS. 


xni 


f'- 

.  .  .  .     6   ';; 

me — Topoi^ 

-Henrv  Du 


CHAPTER  X. 

The  Admir.tration  of  Governor  BisseH-  -Personal  Sketch — Gov.  John  Wood — Campaign 
of  iS6o — Lincohi  and  Yates — The  Rebellion — Illinois  in  t)'-e  Great  Struggle — Peace 
Meetings  in  1S63 — Camp  Douglas  Conspiracy — Can.paign  of  1864 — Asyassination 
of  Lincoln — The  Loj'al  Women  of  Illinois — Oglesb-'s  Administmtion  ....      93 

CHAPTB:R  XI. 

Under  the  Constitution  of  1870 — From  Palmer  to  Fifer — The  Chicago  Fire — Sketches  of 
Eminent  Men — Palme/,  Oglesby,  Cullom,  Logan,  Fifer,  etc — National  Conven- 
tions in  Chicago — Political  Revolution  of  1892 — G  jvernor  Altgeld loj 

CHAPTER  XII. 

Three-quarters  of  a  Century  Under  the  State  Government — Common  Schools  and  State 
Institutions — Early  Newspapers — Industries  —  Agriculture  — Illinois  Coal  Produc- 
tion— Illinois  and  Michigan  Canal — Railroads — Manufactures,  etc 125 

CHAPTER  XIIL 

Tjist  of  Executive  Officers  Under  the  Territorial  and  State  Governments 142 

ILLINOIS  INSTITUTIONS. 

Fort  Sheridan — The  Art  Institute — The  Armour  Mission — The  Aimour  Institute — The 
University  of  Chicago 147 

RELIGION. 

Dvvig  .    i<.  bloody — Bishop  J.  L.  Spalding 159 

ILLINOIS  SOCIETIES. 

Grand  Army  of  the  Republic — Young  Men's  Christian  Association — Woman's  Christian 
Temperance  Union — Christian  Endeavor — Epworth  League 164 


PART  II. 

DISTBICT  OF  COLUMBIA. 


Preface  , 


CHAPTER  I. 
Establishment  of  a  Federal  City 3 

CHAPTER  IL 
The  City  of  Washington  7 

CHAPTER  III. 
Erecting  the  Capitol lo 

CHAPTER  IV. 
The  New  Capitol 12 

CHAPTER  V. 

Attractions  of  the  City — The  Departments— The  Smithsonian  Institution— The  Washing- 
ton Monument— The  City's  Cemeteries— The  Soldier's  Home — The  Corcoran  Art 
Gallery — Washington  Suburbs — The  National  Cemetery 17 

THE  PRESIDENTS. 

George  Washington 27 

John  Adams ,q 

Thomas  Jefferson ri 


XIV 


THK   WHITE   CITY  —  CONTENTS. 


James  Madison 

James  Monroe 

John  Quincy  Adams 

Andrew  Jackson 

Martin  Van  Buren 

William  Henry  Harrison 

John  Tyler 

James  K.  Polk 

Zachary  Taylor 

Millard  Hillmore 

Franklin  Pierce 

James  Buchanan 79 

Abraham  Lincoln .      82 

Andrew  Johnson S; 

Ulysses  S.  Grant 91 

Rutherford  B.  Hayes 95 

James  A.  Garfield 9S 

Chester  A.  Arthur loi 

Grover  Cleveland ' 104 

Benjamin  Harrison 107 

societip:s. 

Grand  Army  of  the  Republic — Woman's  Relief  Corps — vSons  of  Veterans — Daughters  of 

Veterans 1 10 

Young  Mei.'s  Christian  Association 121 

Woman's  Christian   Temperance  iJnion 12,5 

Society  of  Christian  Endeavor 126 

Baptist  Young  People's  Union  of  America 130 


PART  III. 


The  Columbian  Exposition  ,  . 
The  Board  of  Directors  .... 
Board  of  Reference  and  Control 
The  Board  of  Lady  Managers  . 


I 


PROMINENT  WORLD'S  FAIR  OFFICIALS. 

Thomas  Wetherell    Palmer 10 

Lyman  J.   Gage 11 

William   T.    Baker 12 

Harlow  N.  Higinbotham 1;, 

Ferdinand  W.  Peck 14 

Anthony  I'.    Seebergcr 15 

Charles  Carroll  Bonney 16 

Thomas  B.   Bryan 17 

John  T.  Dickinson iS 

Gen.  George  R.  Davis 20 

Daniel  Hudson  Burnham 21 

Mo.ses  P.  Handy 22 

John  Wellburn  Root 25 

John  Parker  Reynolds .15 

ILLINOIS  AT  THE  WORLD'S  FAIR. 

Illinois  State  Building 27 

Woman's    Department 31 


CONTKNTS —  ILLINOIS. 


XV 


ILLINOIS  EXHIBITS. 

Department  A 35 

Department  B 42 

Department  D « 46 

Department  E 46 

Department  F 48 

Department  O 50 

Department  II 54 

Department  J 59 

Department  K 63 

Department  L 66 

Department  M 69 

Department  N 70 

Woman's  Building 70 

Adntinistration    Building 76 

Government  Building 78 

Manufactures  and  Liberal  Arts 80 

Art  Palace 120 

^Machinerj'   Hall 122 

W  Oman's  Building 128 

Horticultural    Building          130 

Electrical  Building 134 

Agricultural   Building 140 

Fisheries  Building 154 

Mines  and  Mining  Fuiiding 156 

Trauspcrtatiou   Building 158 


'-'t 


.isim 


m 
\\  i«|l 


lii^l  ©f  IllustPQtiQns 


III  f 


PART  I. 

Altgeld,  Gov.  John  P 119 

Armour  Institute  and  Mission 153 

Asylum  for  I-'eeble  Minded,  Lincoln      77 

Board  of  Trade,  Chicago 125 

City  Hall,  Chicago 129 

Davis,  Chas.  E Frontispiece 

Fifer,  Joseph  W 11: 

First  Sta*e  House,  Kaskaskia 27 

Fort  Sheridan 147 

Fuller,  Justice  M.  \V 105 

Grant  Monument,  Chicago 133 

Grant,    Ulyssus  S 97 

Harrison,    Carter 115 

Institution  for  the  Blind,  Jacksonville 59 

Lincoln,  Abraham 9;, 

Logan,  John  A, 101 

Masonic  Temple,  Chicago 139 

Moses,  John v 

Penitentiary  for  Insane  Criminals,  Chester 55 

Prairie  State,  The 5 

Present  State  House,  Springfield 51 

Relief  Map  of  Illinois 17 

Reynolds,  John  Parker ix 

Second  State  House,  Vandalia 33 

Selby,    Paul vii 

Sheridan,  Gen.  Phil 87 

State  Normal  School,  Carbondale           73 

State  Nonnal  University,  Normal 69 

State  Penitentiary,  Joliet 63 

Stevenson,  Vice  President,  Adlai  E 123 

Third  State  House,  Springfield 39 

University  of  Chicago 155 

University  of  Illinois,    Champaign 83 

W.  C.  T.  U.  Temple,  Chicago 167 

White  City,  The xi 

PART  tl. 

Allegorical  Painting,  National  Capitol 17 

Capitol    Building,    Washington 13 

Congressional  Library,  National  Capitol 2;, 

Panorama  from  Dome  of  the  National  Capitol 7 

Pennsylvania  Avenue  from  State  Department,  Washington 11 

State,  War  and  Navy  Departments,  Washington Frontispiece 

Supreme  Court  Room,  National  Capitol 23 

Willard,    Frances  E 125 

xvi 


LIST  OF  ILLUSTRATIONS  —  ILLINOIS. 


XVll 


119 

77 

121, 

II : 

27 

M7 

•05 

133 

97 

115 

59 

9.'i 

101 

139 
\ 

55 
5 
51 
17 
ix 

3;^ 
vii 
>S7 

/  t 

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12 , 

3'» 
155 

,S; 
167 


PART  III. 

Aflmiiiistration    Huildiiig 77 

Axricultural    nuilding 141 

A.  H.  Andrews  &  Co.,   215  Wabash  Ave.,  Chicago 109 

American  Radiator  Co.,  11 1  Lake  St.,  Chicago 95 

American  Reflector  Co.,  80  Jackson  vSt,  Chicago 105 

Annour  &  Co. ,  Home  Ins.  Hnilding,  Chicago loi 

Arthur  Dixon  Transfer  Co.,  305  Fifth  Ave.,    Chicago 166 

Art    I'alace 


i?l 


Baker,  William  T 7 

Bird's  eye  view  of  the  White  City 75 

Bonney,  C.  C 15 

Bradley,  J.  H 31 

Bryan,  Thomas  B 17 

Buckbee,  William,  Rockford,    111 132 

Callahan,  Miss  Mary 33 

Candee,  Mrs.  Isabella  L 33 

Caw's  Ink  &  Pen  Co,  New  York,  N.  Y 113 

Chester,  E.  E.  . 31 

Chicago  Cottage  Organ  Co.,  215  Wabash  Ave.,  Chicago 106 

Chicago  Herald,  15H  Washington  St.,  Chicago 126 

Chicago  Medical  and  Surgical  Institute,   30  Van  Buren  St.,  Chicago iio 

Columbia  Rubber  Works  Co.,  Lake  and  La  Salle  Sts.,  Chicago 102 

Connnercial  Cable  System,  Broad  and  Wall  Sts.,  New  York 136 

Congress  of  Nations,  William  F.  Cody 152 

Davis,  Geo.  R 21 

David,  E.  B 29 

D.  B.  Fi.sk  &  Co.,  Wabash  Ave.  and  Washington  St.,  Chicago 117 

Dickinson,  John  T 19 

P'jkirson,  James  K 31 

Doughtery's  New  England  Mince  Meat,  210  Washington  Bcul.,  Chicago 145 

Dunham,  M.  W.,  Oaklawn  Stud,  Wayne,   111 147 

D.  W.  McNeal  Co.,  19-241  Wabash  Ave.,  Chicago 118 

Dysart,  S. 29 

Economy  Heaters,  82  Lake  St.,  Chicago 94 

Kggleston,  Melette  &  Brownell,  207  Tacoma  Bldg.,  Chicago 112 

Electrical  Building 135 

Fish  and  Fisheries  Building 155 

Fulkerson,    W.   H 31 

Funk,   Laf.iyette 29 

Gage,   Lyman  J 5 

Garrard,  W.    C 29 

Gilbert,  Mrs.   Frances  L 33 

Gould,  Mrs.  Marcia  Louise 33 

Granwald,   E.  M.,  .St.   Petersburg,  Russia 116 

Government   Building 79 

Hamilton,  Mme.  E.,  48  Van  Buren  St.,  Chicago 119 

Handy,   Moses  P 23 

Harvey,  T.  W.,  Harvey,  111 153 

Helvetia  Milk  Condensing  Co.,  Highland,  111 142 

Iliginbotham,  H.  N 9 

Hoffman,  Josef,  Reichenberg,  Germany 99 

Horticultural  Building 131 

Hostetter,   A.   B 29 

Illinois  State  Board 29-31 


i 


I 


Is 


jljilii 


!   !li   I 


f 


XVHl 


THK   WHITK    Cri'V 


LIST   ol-    IM.rSTRATlONS. 


Illinois  State  liiiildin}? 27 

Illinois  Woman's  Ivxhibit ;,.; 

Illinois  Woman's  Hoard ^3 

Johns,  S.  W 2<) 

Judy,  J.  W 29 

Keelcy    Cnre,  Dwi^lit,   111 S7 

Licbig  Comjiany,  Antwerp,   lU'lKiuni 144 

Lyon  &.  Ik'aly,  156  Stale  vSt.,  Chicago S^ 

Machinery   Hall uj; 

Mannfactures  and  Liberal  Arts  Hnihlinj^    ...            Sr 

Marshall  I''iel(l  &.  Co.,  Wa.shin^ton  and  Stale  Sts.,  Chicago 97 

MeCormick  Ri'apers,  212  ;\Iarket  vSt.,   Chicaj^o 14,S 

Metropolitan  lUisiness  College,  iMonroe  St.  and  Michigan  Ave.,  Chicaj^o ux) 

Mines  and  Mining  Hnilding      157 

^Nloline  I'lo-v  Co.,  ^Nloline,  111 i^o 

Oglesbv,  Mrs.   Richard  J 3^ 

Owen  Klectric  Belt  and  Appliance  Co.,  191  Stale  Si.,  Chicago 137 

Pace,  K.  C '29 

Palmer,  Jlrs.    Potter 1 

Palmer,  Thomas  W ;, 

Patten,  Mrs.  I'rancine  K 33 

Pearce,  J.  Irving 31 

Pea.se  Piano  Co.,  46  Jackson  St.,  Cliicago 115 

Peck,  p-erdinand  W 11 

Peninsular  Stove  Co.,  79  Wabash  Ave.,   Chicago 90 

Peter  Henderson  &  Co.,  35  Cortlandt  St.,  New  York 133 

Pullen,  B 29 

Pullman  Palace  Car  Co.,  Pullman,    111 162 

Reid,  ;\Iurdock  &.  Co. ,  3  Stale  St,  Chicago 93 

Rhode  I.sland  Locomotive  Works,  Providence,  Rhode  Island i6.| 

Roundy  Regalia  Co.,  iSS  .S.  Clark  St.,  Chicago 114 

Seeberger,  A.  F 13 

Shepard,  IMrs.  I'rances  Welles 33 

Siegel,  Cooper  &  Co.,  Van  Buren  and  State  Sts.,  Chicago 96 

Sohnier  Pianos,  The  Thomp.soii  Music  Co.,  367  Wabash  Ave.,  Chicago 82 

Spaulding,  A.  (t.,  108  Madison  St.,  Chicago 107 

Sprague,  W'arner  &  Co.,  17  Randolph  St.,  Chicago 89 

Stevens, C. A. &.Bros.,  Ill  State  St.,  Chicago 139 

Stryker,  W.  D 31 

Studebaker  Bros.,  203  Michigan  Ave.,  Chicago 160 

Sunlight  Soap,  Toronto,  Ontario 8S 

The  American  Boiler  Co.,  Cliicago,  Illinois 92 

The  Caligraph,  I S5  La  Salle  vSl.,  Chicago 127 

The  Crane  Co.,  219  S.  JeiTersuu  St.,  Chicago 125 

The  Dayton  Aulograghic  Register  Co.,  Dayton,  Ohio 86 

The  Geo.  l'\  Child  Chair  Co.,  277  Wabash  Ave.,  Chicago 104 

The  Goruuilly  &.  JeiTery  :\Ifg.  Co.,  85  Madison  vSl.,  Chicago 163 

The  Inter  Ocean,  Madison  and  Dearborn  Sts.,  Chicago 124 

The  J.  II.  I'"enlon  Co.,  267  Wabash  Ave.,    Chicago 146 

The  Michigan  Stove  Co.,  256  S.  Clinton  St.,  Chicago 91 

The  National  Cash  Register  Co.,    1 15  Monroe  St.,  Chicago 85 

The  North  American  Phonograph  Co.,  JMasonic  Temple,  Cliicago 138 

The  Snuth-Premier  Typewriter  Co.,  154  Monroe  St.,  Chicago 103 

The  Wayne  Sulkeyette  and  Road  Cart  Co.,  Decatur,  Illinois 161 

The  Walter  M.  Lowney  Co.,  279  Madison  vSt.,  Chicago 143 


UST   OF   ILLUSTRATION'S — ILLINOIS. 


XIX 


•  ■    27 

•  ■   .15 

•  ■  M 

■    ■      29 

■  •   -9 

.  .   S7 

111 

•  •   .S3 

•   •   1 2,\ 

.    .       Si 

''''9 

1 

■  •  157 

;f 

•  ■  '5" 

•  •   .1,1 

•  •  137 
.  .   29 
.  .    1 

r, 

1 

■4 

33 

} 

•  •   31 

'I 

•  ■   Il.S 

II 

,  .   go 
■  •  133 

.   .    2g 

.   .   16; 

i 

■  •  9,; 
.  .  1 6.1 

1; 

.  .  Ill 

,* 

13 

•  •   33 

.  .   c/, 

.   .    .S2 

.   .   107 

.  .   Sij 

■    ■     '39 

■  •   31 

.  .  1 6(  1 

.  .  ss 

■  •  92 

.  .  127 

.  .  125 

.  .   .S6 

, 

.  .  104 

.  .  163 

.  .  124 

.  .   14') 

_  '■ 

•  •   91 

-  -i:!^ 

.  .   S5 

.  .  13s 

.  .  103 

-  -'— 

.  .  161 

"*s' 

•  •  143 

The  Mcc'kiT  Medici  IK"  Co.,  260  So.  Clark  St.,  Chicago 149 

Tran.sportatioii    liuildiu}; 159 

Van's  Mexican  Hair  Restorer,   Allen  &  Co.,  Inter  Ocean  Buildiny,  Chicago   ....  ill 

Vir>,'in,  John • 29 

Vittiini,  D.  \V 31 

Waslihurn,  J.  ^l ....  29 

Wau-He-Ke-Chuck,  237  La  vSalle  St.,  Chicago 151 

Wilkinson  Co.,  .S3  Randolph  St.,  Chicago loS 

Wiles,  Jlns.  Robert  II 33 

William's  Antomatic  Car  Coupler,  Exchange  10,  Grand  Pacific  Hotel,  Chicago  .    .    .  165 

Woman's  Piiililing 129 

W>man's   ICxhibit 35 

Woolf's  Clothing,  Ilalsted  and  Madi.son  Sts.,  Chicago 98 

W.  W.  Kimball  Co.,  243  Waba.sh  Ave.,   Chicago 84 

Wyman,  B.  F 29 


)r^l 


DESCRIPTIVE 


J.INOIS,  l»'fiircltii'CHiiiiin;i.r  IIm>  -pull'  fnrcs."  wiis  ncciipli'd  by  si'V- 
il  lliii'c  1111(1  wiirliki' trilii's  (it  Iniliaiis.      I'lic   IMIiupN   liidiu:      were  ii 

iMwnfiil  (•.iTifc(l(T!itl(iii  (if  Hcvcriil   tribes;   tbcv  were  ciinsliintlv   lit   war 

ill.  r  liirlian  tribes  and  witb  tbc  wbiles,  until  tlieir  iiiiinbers  1 uiiie 

.  iiiinaled  thai  they  iiave  ii|>  the  stmiit'le  and  r.dldweil  their  chier. 
,,in,  I"  the  Indian  Territory.  The  Kicltapdos  were  the  r(denlle«s 
i.iif  the  whites,  with  wti(ini  iliey   were  almost  (■(instantly   at  war 

ku  IIiimUi  driven  fnOn  the  Slatelhej  niinraled  li>  Me\  ic"  Id  avdid  Anier- 


by 

with  dtlier  t( 
liliniiis   was 


df 
rrildry 
(irL'an- 


SUMMARY. 


Settled  at   Ka~l,a^l,ia  in  I TJO 
l'diiiide(l  In   hrenehinen. 
iirL'anixed  as  TerrlliirN  in  IH09. 
Admitted  as  Stale  In  IHIH. 
I'd|iulalldli  ill  IHiVI !,71l,0!ir 

"  iM7(i :;,5;«i.rtii 

••  inHii n.irrr.wi 

■■    IHWI H.H'JD.ICil 

VdtliiL'  I'dlHilalidli i.wj.ixn 

Kleetdral  Vdles -J* 

r.  S.  I{e|iri'Sellllltlves '£i 

state  Seiiatdrs '....  51 

"      Ue|iresentallves  IM 

Area  (s(|nare  inilcsi 5<l,rto() 

rdpulatidii  td  Sipiare   Mile  'iS 

Heal  A  I'ersdnai  l'rd|.erl\ ,  trilT.lKKI.llOO 

Ifailrdiids  iinilesi lO.IMSt 

S(|iiare  Miles  Id  Mile  df  HailMad...  ri,5 
Yearly  Mannfactiires tlln.OOO.tKIII 


LARGEST    CITIES. 

('hiciik'd 1,4.'1S.()10 

I'edrlii ll.irM 

(,>iiiii(rv III.IIM 

Sprinirllidd '.'l.lliW 

Udc,i<rdrd •^:i.5KI 

.lidiet ZV2M 


LEGAL. 

HTATITES   (IF    LIMITATION. 

.Iiidjinienls,  7  year-. 
Dpen  AeCdlinis,  ."i  years. 
Ndles,  III  years. 
ISeiU'inplidii  Tax  Sales,  2  yeurs 

LIMITATION   op  ACTIONS. 


riiwritten  (' 

l-'dreeldslire 

Real  Acti 


iintraets,  ti  vears. 
.Mil',  and  'I'lix  Sale 
in  Slate,  -JU  years. 


.  1  yr. 


Tader-  and  mi-sldiiaries  frdin  (niiada  were  tile  first  tci  visit  this 
III  1117,'t  Kalher  Muri|Uelte  and  Hie  fur  trader,  Louis  .loliel,  reBched 
Mi„,»lppi  via  the  h'dx  and  Wiscdiisin  Hivers,  descended  il  to  llie 
liBldi- Hiverand  paddleil  ii|i  thai  siiiyiiisli  stream,  everywliere  widcuiied 
l^B  '   li~livals  and  peace-pipes  "  by    he  Abdriuiiies.       In  111711  l.ii  Salle  and 

•  IfMt'i  le  fiirllier  exploriilidiis.  ,iiid  in  KWI)  l.a  Salle  and  iMillnr  llennepiii 

tditod  d  I'lirt  Cn've  I'leur.  Kiisl<:i-.kia  and  ('ahdi<ia  were  establislied  as 
0|Hi|b"lie  mi'-sidiis,  and  snoii  a  flonrisliiim  Kreindi  comnierce  spraiiL'  up 
b^ei  II  ihe  Mississippi  V.'illey  and   the   (ireai   Lakes  via  the  Illinois   and 

Ol&ie.d  liiverv 

^i~  lerriiory  was  first  seitle(l  and  tidverned  by   the   P'rench,  llrsi    frdiii 

Ogil iind  llieii  fri  ill  New  Orleans,  until   17ttl,   wlien  it    was  ceded  Id  the 

Bl||li-li.     \'ir;;iiii,i  claimed   I iliudis  as  part  df  her  lerritdry    by    riiihl 
ohteler.  and  i;dveriie(l  it  until  17H4.  wli.'ii  il  was  ceded, 
Jrllnvest  df  the  Ohid  liiver."  In  the  riiited   stales. 
|a-  II  'ren-itdrv  in  IHOl),  and  lieciuiie  a  Slate  in  1HI8. 

)POGRAPHY.— lireiilest  leiiKtli,ndrt  bund  smith,  SSffi  miles:  irrealesi 

Ih.  ■-'IMiiiles.    Of  its  5«,r).M)  siiiiare  miles.  ."ifi.lXHl  are  land  and  ft'iO  water. 

|2hK  >lreaiiis.      Mississippi   Hiver  fdniis   its  western   bdiindary   for  7IKI 

'riieOhio  and    Wabash    Kivers    lioiind  the  Slaie  on  llie  sdiithdisl. 

ill 1  Lake  .Mi(diii;iiii.  Ill)  mill's.     ( 'liicaed  cdiinected  with  the  .Mis- 

Ippi  liiver  by  ciiniil  Id  La  Siille,  and  tlie  I  Hindis  River  Id  I  he  .Mississippi. 

pjtable  waterways,  4,IINl  milium.    State  avast  prairie,  widl  timbered  in 

|y  Idealities.     Klevatidii  frdiii  ;!10  feel  at  Ciili-d  to  1,111)  feel— the  liinhesl 

It  111  iidriliwe-l  pdrtidii  of  Stale. 

JRICULTURE,  HORTICULTURii,  &c.    The  sdil  df  luinids 

llld^l  iinifdriiily    prddnctive  in  the  world,  its  farm  prddncls  haviiii; 

•d  .fl^O.IKKI.IXX)  11.  one  year.     Hanks  second  as  ii  Cdrii  prddiicini.'  State, 

an  average  crop  for  il)  years  df  i2i,l)0l),l)(K)  bushels.     Wheat   bidt  lies 

lit  Siirinulleid— aniiuiil  iiriuliicl  f.ir  lit  years,  ;!(1,II00,I)(X)  liuslnds.     Aver- 

oat  crop    over  70.IXX),()(II)  bushels.      The  oilier    leadiiii.'  f.inn  iiroilucis 

|)e,  barley,  biKdiivheat,  potaldes,  hay,  yrass  seed,  Ihixseed,  brddin-corn, 

lliiiii,  lie.     Stale  alidiinds  in  fine  friiil,  and  has  HlXI.IHXIairres  nf  drchards 

Iviiieyards.    The  iiein-hes  from  the  .\ltoii  country  are  famous,  and  the 

leyiiddhiis  reaidied  IXXI.IXX)  biisliids.      I'he-ries  and  plums  thrive,  and 

tberries,  raspberries  and  other  small  fruits  are  raised   in  vast  i|uanti- 

More  than  ,t.lXX).000  pounds  of  iirapes  and  HOO.OOI)  L-allons  of  wiii(>  have 

1  iiniduced  from  the  vineyards  in  a  siiiele  year.     Number  of  nurseries, 

Igei'd  farms,  'Jl. 

|VE    STOCK.  — On  accduni  nf  the  immense  yi(dd  df  hay,  cdrn,  and 

1  Hindis  is  especially  adapted  Id  stuck  raisini;.     Slate  ranks  first  in 

if  linrses,  .second  in  swine,  and  fourth  in  dairy  products.     Number  of  hors 

."i, IXt.i")!)  value,  lf30,.Tl7,47»;  niiicii  cows,  l,07-',47;).  value,  if'J4,-ii9,H:il), 

lINERALS.— The  first  coal  dlsodvercd   in  the  Inited  Stales   was  near  Ottawa,  by    Kather   Hennepin.     Slate 

■eiuid  in  production  of  iiituniimius  coal.     Coal  area,  ;!7.(X)0  s(|uare   miles,  with  over  L""*' mines.     Product   of 

IJ.iitH.ixx)  tons:  value,  ifll,7,=i,=>,IXX).     State  ranks  biijli  in  produirtion  of  limestone,  and  Ims  104  quarrip.s.     Value  of 

iiiiL'  St piarried.  *l,l)H4,55li:  value  df  llnie  Vrdduced. *;il«),245. 

^NUFACTURES.- Illinois  leads  in  inanuraclnre  of  distilled  spirits,  ranks  fourth   in   foriuonted   li(iuors, 

inickiiie  .if  meat,  .second  in  prnductidii  of  steel,  fourth  in  pi;;  iron.     Wodl  industry  iniporlant. 
)UCATIONAL.— Stiidi'iits  enrolled   in  common  .school.s,  778,.1I9:    penimnenl  school   fund  over  IfliWXt.lKK): 
pla..;e,lV-21.    ,Studenls  in  private  schools,   105,000.     Normal  ruiversily.  Normal,  over  LIIH)  stelents;  Sdiithcni 
bis  Normal  fniveriiity,  Carbondale,  1,400  students;  l^ook  Co.  Normal,  Chlcniro;   I'niversity  of  Illinois,   Urbiina, 
■""I  students. 


IIOMKSTEAI)   AND   E.XKMI'TION. 

Necessary  wcarinir  appiind,  llible, 
s(!hool  liooks  and  family  iiiclure-. 

Personal  propertv  fdceaidi  person  if  lix) 

Additional  for  lii'iid  of  family  residim: 
with  llieni  iiidl  includiiit;  nidiiey 
(ir  wau'es  due  diditiirl tlJlX) 

lldinestead  farm  (ir  Idt  and  linlldiiiL's 
thereon fl.lXH) 

INTE11E8T. 
Leyal  Hale,  5  per  cl. 
Hy  ConlriKjt,  7  per  ct. 
Korf(dt  for  I'snry,  all  the  Interest. 
H  Days  Grace. 

MAIIKIEI)    WOMEN. 

Hold  all  propertv  aci|uired  by  descent, 
uiftor  purclia.se  as  if  n'nmarried. 


i  in  IHSX).  l,l'-'a,l)73,  value,  ifKi,;«)L«I-J: 


'"t  I 


MAP   INDEX  OF  ILLINOIS. 


EXPLANATION. 

Kuli.iMitiif  I.  nil  alphaMirul  tut 
nt  •ftrv  I  i.'uil)  l(t»,  'Ipirtii,  Vil 
Immi'.  hoi)   l'>i>(<irn.!«  hi   Dip  KItil*, 

TKp    |i<lti|ll«ll<i||     of   (>B4>||    la    ItlVrli 

•rporhiiii  t-  ihc  i>ii»ua  of  IMBit 
Thu  i>'>|'<ilitlt>'ii  iif  RoinK  Kinull 
pUw»  Mri.  t)iil  iiIvph  111  (hK  ('I'll 
■u*  Ki*|i<'rl.  A*  llit>y  wurv  hid  mini 
In  thfi'lvli  tlttirlnl  III  whiiih  iIi«t 
mt*  |i'rMii'<l:  ilifM>  ir*  hiillrnii'il 
Ihii.     X 

Slnlx  I  ii|>lliil*  Hint  iarun  I'Hlrt 
■r»hM-4pl(Nl*,  ihu-    ^IIIOAOO 

r<iiiiiii  ToMiii  mf  hi  ruii-f*.;«>ii 

lypi-,  Ihu*     ChMMr 

|*it>li<ffl(«>*  »r»i  III  Rninao  lyiit-, 
Ihiio-'Ahroii 

t'Uo**  H'>t  r"«tiiiflc»«  ir<i  hi 
lUlln.  Ihiiit     .ttilrrtOH. 

y.xutrt*  i-rtti'f*  urc  Iii<|lra(nl 
ihua-  •• 

Thn  IfiifM  f<ilU»*ln(i  nnmf  of 
Town  rt-frrtiiltn'pnlntof  rniiij(4». 
on  Ihn  M')|>  nhir*  li  l«  Iih'miM. 

In  thf  I.M  nrr»iiiiiki>ih*)f(i<'r 
•nd  tigUTf.  r<i|l<iwhiif  imniH  <ir 
(.'oiinl)."'""^")"""'  »»"h  ">•  lellt-r 
acil  DitiirK  nil  iimruhii  iif  Mhii  op 
puallit  thti  Iti-alliin  of  I'nunly  t>ii 

owloR  (ii  lurk  iif  riHim  »n  tUp 
unnic  <mKll  nlmra  Bmnmlllnd,  but 
lh>>v  will  All  bit  riiuiitl  III  ih«  iJKt 
of  town* 

l.al»i-ii(hna^«  vlvuC)iloii|iiioT«r 
l,Wll.O(JO|»>l>uI«tlon. 


Jcflnrw'n ... 


Uk« 

Us»ii«. ..<... 

lAwnnc* 

Ij-i- 

I.iviiifoion  ,.,. 

I/«an 

Mi'lh)uiiufh ,,, 

MoHeniT 

McLean 

Mkuo 

MMoupin 

MadlMw 

MartoD 

MtrttMOl 

MaMD , 

Maauc 

Mrtwnl 

M«rcer 

Mirurue 

Muiitgumtnr.. 

Moms ; 

MiiuTufa 

tUki 

Peoria 

Perry 

inau. 

like 

I'ope 

rulMki 

Putnam 

ltilK(1<)||>ll 

KkhiutKl 

Kocklfland... 
HalDtl.'klr...., 

Ballne 

Bangamao..... 

Sehnrlsr 

aoott 

Slwlbr 

BUrlt. 

BtopheBaoa.... 

TftaewcU 

Uuluo 

Vermilion 

Wabaab 

Wamn 

WaafalDgUMi... 
Wayne 

whitu 

WhlicaMo 

Win . , 


iMDii.  ror 

1 1  ii.fm 

II  7  \t.i$3 

, (11  II.SM 

A  t  i).wa 

, I  e  11.951 

..V.l  8B.IIU 

N9  7.653 

n  8  lll.Wtl 

, I  4  IS.»«3 

J  11  4-J.ISt 

1.1  ari.811 

M  li  II.WV 

,1110  ]».TI1 

I' 1  n.4ii 

Ml  80.ITO 

II  Mligi.itn 

.N  vi  n.M3 

, M  II  n.44.1 

<■ «  rt.\M 

J  8  11.011 

K  It  li.eM 

(■  11  n.Mi 

1.1)  wAtn 

U  II  f.144 

, N  10  m.MH 

, ,N  H  K.361 

II  lu  n.oaa 

UH  11.IM 

114  43.111) 

PM  M.Ktt 

Ml  ra.7111 

Kio  ti.rei 

.H  HI  ITWI 

.1 !  si.iin 

T  n  1,844 

(*2  »,«• 

hi  K\m\ 

0  1!  as.ifti  1 

R1  11.IW  I 

Nil  1A,IM1 

«B  »i.SW 

; N4  H.(Jli.l 

A  5  15.1111 

i.M  »  I5,U13 

CIO  M.t.'SI 

Fll  M,1J! 

I>  UJ  1Mi« 

0  4  a8,7Vi 

A  11  sua-. 

V.9  eo,*i« 

on  ]4.f.V3 

Cl  M,IH1 

li  »  88.455 

II  M.4'*9 

^,13  r.467 

.A  ill  »,1U 

11  i  63,11."* 

, KB  IW,UH1 

M  5  40.1MJ 

tH>  Bl.aid 

, I'"  21,341 

!•■  J  13,»5S 

IS  1».081 

I'  »  ir.ais 

JO  I3.IW 

, 1  .)  18,54.5 

i)  I  K.Mtl 

MS  au.oia 

K  4  n.tu 

1.0  I4.4!)l 

m  2S.110 

,,  <)«  W..TI% 

, Ill  17.SM 


lanaa,     ror. 


NW 

.::"S 

.MW 


A4«R.J,  A'^Mn* W 

Jiliinu  i'ii*t,  (tra  AUaiidati), 
^^<lii"M,  IJiliiRaittn .1^ 

•  A'Mlctlllr,  Wui|lll«Wu  .     II 

•  ,«.l.l>ai>ii.  ixtpSipi NK 

A-Uttnn  strtH.Vwi NK 

«Ailrl1nf.  <>Ml« N 

•  A-lrUM.  IUi..-..rk W 

VAilvaiHf,  'laaWir UK 

•  Anna,  l  olca R 

Alolhiy.  hitpiiriiMin N  W 

«^U.">,.l»1>*vU« NW 

?Aklu,  ^rmiikUn  M 
kn.ii.  I'.'.na V 

9At.>-I.U>,.  I'ikr W 

#All<4ll>'.   U  hill  Kill"... 

•  Alltliin,  f.lwar'ia.. 
«Ali|rii  M'lrinry.  ... 
^AUnil^t.  I  iihn) 

•  AIwl..,Mi-f..T 

^Alffflrr.  KntlP.... 

•  Alri4llilrr,  .MnrgRB  . 

#AI«*M,  Wurn-n 

•  Alipoi'lolii.    UilU-ltn-- 

•  Alhaiotiia.   M«iIIM'B...  . 

i  Ml Ulc  WHLoh    

Allrii«Mi.|liiif,  l-..!--   

AlUi.1''' tiA-n  ratlt'W).. 
«All.til<i«ti.  Tai"»rll,. 
%4ll'-'Ul*.  Ikloultnn.... 
mAtlfrl-m,  Pun 

tAllirtiiii  Vtrmllhin 
IliMiii.  l«"reiirfl 

•  Anna.  Maitiin ... 

%At'n.i.  Haliiinair 

•  Alnmra,  Kmiii 

•  Aift)*.  Il'iiry 
tAliI"".  l""k. 
#Al»»-y,  Mi'iU 

•  Alia,  ri-oria (1 

•  Alumrxit.   Kffliift.aBI R 

4t AlUnhflin  Cuok NK 

•  Alton,    Midlwn C 

•  AlKna,  Kiioi W 

•  Alt'-n  Jiiiirtliin,  Madlaun.  .C 

•  AlU-ft  Nuirimll   Hadiauo. .  .V 

JMti,  I'tM.  t'nliiti..     H 
Ititrf,  (Ml  Kankak<-r)  

•  Alvlii.    Vrniilllcm R 

0At'r-tlh,   U'lnnrlMtfu N 

•  Aiiilm)'.   Lr^ N 

•  AlliflK'B.    PulBikl H 

Atnea.   M'i»rn# »W 

Ainny,  lU'lilnird HR 

•  Alirlmr,   Mi'l^ail.. 


•  Ar« 


l„«...t 


iAM 


I.  U 


..NW 


Woodford , 

TottI S,!fli,8Sl 

TOWW.         OOUITTT.       ISDtX.       FOF. 

'         IM 


^ropQlftUon  Ibdaitd  In  CUe^o. 


lijUT 

•  Ai>ouiiii>il"ii.  I  Iirlktlan 

•  AnttTla,   Kitlion 

•  AUicM.  Mi-nard 

Alln-iidvniP,   Grreuf 

•  AikltiMiU,   llriiry.. 

•  AiUuia.  Lc'Kiin ^ 

Atlim,  I'lke.... W 

•  Attirhrrry.  »|riiard C 

AttllM.  wnilaniion H 

Alwati' r,  M ainnpii) C 

•  Atwixid.  I'iBtt C 

9Aiiburii.  <'l*rk R 

•  Antiurn,   l-antromuii G 

9Aiihun>  JufHiion.  (vukNK 

•  Aul'urii  PHrk.CiH.k NR 

•  Aiitrii»U.  Ilaut-uck W 

•  Aurorii.  Kini' .,H 

•  AiiMlii.  ( iMik NR 

Aux  KnVif.  Onindy N 

•  A^B,    Jnikwiii a 

•  Avtui.   l«>(tlc H 

Avt-ry,  .lulUM.t* NW 

•  AvUtut),  4'lliilou ,8 

•  Avou,  filltitn W 

•  Amndalu.  Cuiik NK 

Uabyluii,  Fulton W 

Uailen  lladen,  Uond H 

•  Hadt-ra,  tklniylpr W 

•  Hallcyvllli-,  (iKic N 

•  /friliifrrf'ftf',  \Miium*on...H 

•  lUkrr,    lA^allc M 

mbakrr,   McLt-ai' 8W 

%tlakrt^$  l-iiif.  4-r«<(funlM! 

•  Ilul.'om,  riili.ii » 

llfld  MkuiicI,    Kaiif N 

•  H'll.lirl't,  r> renif W 

•  llaJdwiD,   Itaiidululi KW 

lUII,  Whit*- BK 

Ilullanl.   M'Uan. 


ill 


,...HW 

NK 


Aiidaliiala.  K<N-k  talaud. . 

•  AniliTMiu,  I  I 
%Au<lmoH.  Mu-iiuplu.. 
Auiliivpr.  Ili'ury.. 

•  Anoa,  tj'iil'in n 

AniiniK.lla.   (  ra»fur>) HR 

•  Aiii'awan,  llt-nry NW 

?Aiiti<M'ti.    I.akr NK 
iHLnlUii,  Artonia W 

•  Appk  Itlver.  JitltaxirMNW 

•  Aiiplfton,  Kmn. 

•  Aptaklalr.  Ukr 

Arradia,   Murran 

Archie.    ViTiniKon 

•  Anoia,  Ihiuglaa 

•  .4rd^n.  Plk^ 

•  ATPUtvllle.  Caiw 

JArgrniat  Maiuu 
rip>,  Carroll 

•  AthtIo.  Wliin<-)ir.Ki),, 

•  Arnle  Park.  (_<^>k .-<(v 

•  Arrimttun.  Ilni.  >u N 

•  Arllniluu  IIpIkIii..) v-ik  NK 

•  ArtnniKtun,   Tii/r»ill....  <: 

•  AniiKtrunK.  V<'riiillliin..,.K 

•  Arnolil,  .Miiraaii W 

^Arotiut,  Kankakir K 

...        ...  p^. 

..HW 


.  NW 


...NW 


..SR 


,.SW 


.   NW 


•  Arroaamltb.  

•  Arthur.  Mnulirli'.. 
^Athil'ile,   Carn>n.... 
Aahtlr>vi',  Iro(|uola. 

•  Aahknm,   hoquola K 

•  Aahlaiid.   Caia W 

•  AiMiy.  Wa»i1iiRluu H 

•  AMu 


5S8 


11 
I.IT.S 
1.851 


IIUIII 


nil'H 


xik... 


..NK 

...W 


N 


...NB 


•  /*< 

Iliirclny.    Oali- 

•  Ilarcfay,    ^niiKuinoU  ., 

•  /J(ir<Y..  MutllMii) 

lUri-ovlllv,  Madlm.ii 

|liirt|i>l|>h,  ^^t  l>i<ni>UKh  .. 
Ilanianl.  Adatiia 

•  Ilanit-a   McLran 

•  Harnt'it,  Montipiiniry 

•  llarnhlll,  Wuync... 

•  flfirr.  Coiik 

Ilarri-yllle.  WtHrnrj- 

•  UarrlnffUin,  C>Hik p,ti 

•  Itarrow.  Orppne ....W 

narr'a&turi',  MacuuplD C 

•  Harry.    Pike W 

•  llarstow.    ltucklMaDd..NW 

•  »artelK^  Cltnlun » 

•  Bartlrtt.   Cuok VK 

tUtiirthtl,  I'wrla C 

tsU'irilfy.  (ia'tntJi SE 

ell.irtiiiivll>      I't^irla C 

mll'irv>€"'   i'^irn 8 

•  llaacu,  uaucuck W 


»wa.      ooanTT. 

Hauvla.  Sana 

iicht>>«ii,  1  altMina., 
flat  a   Haiifantnu.. 

Halli.  Uiaua 

iidian,  Adami. 

ly,  laro  Moaler)  ... 


Uayt  ny  Pupt 
•  nayleClir,  f 
iltaylla.  nka. 


rayrtW ^ 

m'UcNlirr) 


*1! 

M 
•M 


,   bwan.. 


ren<>n,    iiimhip  

■a»<-r*lll*,  Iruqiinti., 
MAirliA,  Vcrilillloi).. 
rord.  me 


...»R 


•aliliiKbiH.. 

Bitrn;   <  lltilitn 

|la8»"r(r.Tii,  |i 1 

BaaTertim 

2  Of  Aw 

BtKlford. 

•  llMr«-li*r,  Will....  

•  n«^t>rrriir,  Kmnuiiai 

•  llrt'h  Itldn,   AUiauiU 

jlraihTilttt,  rallxxin 

Hrfll.rMk,  Plki' 

•  Ildknap,  .liihoaiiu 

«//*(!,  I/tcan 
(tl.  Marloii 

Bell  Alr.t;rawlord -.« 

•  lUll*  ^hiwar,  MrUaiK.HW 

Itallt  Plain,  Marahan  C 

Delia  Pralrln,  llainnti.n         H 

•  n«ll«lilvtt.  Jctfen<in   4 

SeUerlAW,  Calliuun  ...       .  W 

•  Uvllfivllle,  Kl.tUir  NW 
SrtlmUUJuiU.  Nttlalr  ..HW 
Bettmual,  Wabaah HR 

•  BtlUwitoO,  L'uok N IC 

i  StImenI,  Cook ...NR 

•  ll«lfia«r«.  Bt^ne N 

0H*inan,  Ijiwreme SK 

JRemeiit,  PlatI V, 
iniaminirlllt,    (§<«■   lloMt-rl 

•  Henacnrin*.  Dn  rage     .NR 

•  lkn»»ii,   WiMHitnra (] 

•  llpulh),  lUurM'k W 

•  Hfinton,  Pranhlln  H 

•  /;«riI«H,  Ukft NR 

Ufuvllla.  Ilrown W 

•  Uerdan,  (1  n^ena W 

•  Btrgtr.  Cuuk N  R 

iTarUii,  Biiivaiiion ....<' 


Heruke,  (ouk.. 

•  Htrry,  Bauuaiuuu  ■ ' 

Uerryton,  I'aaa 

UerrrvUlc.  Itlihlatid.. 

•  Ilerwlrk.  Warrrn  ,. 

•  Ileiwyu,  ri.<>k 

•  Itoilialti),  Madlaoi),. 


•  ff«A4(l.  Ju'kaott  . 
%liutfruin.  Bond  .. 
lleTeilir,  AJtma.... 
0  Btprrlif  Hitt.  C<iuk 
Biblo  Oruvo,  <:U)-  .. 
%Hiti  Bnu,  .Mai 


SBlitnviUe,  Hfadarwm., 
•  nilktt,  liiwrrnro  . 


SNei^tc.  Adania  , 
\^  ItAL-k,  Kaua  . 


I'KlM,  Munran. 


NR 


,,NW 


..fcW 


,ll[iittiam.  Friyntc 

■  /;,rLAtr'i(.il,i:<wk 

•  lllrila,  l.awrriii  o 

•  llinl'allrldKe.  Will .... 

•  Hirkbeck,  UfWni 

•  OirkntT,  HBintLinir  .. 
Uirni<nuM;ini,  .ii'liiiylt^r  - 

•  ni>'Ii<')'>  M'lacn  

•  m-li'ii  llil^  llrory  

%nuu\tirk,  Peoria 

•  Hlainarrk.  Vcrniitlou  . . . 

HUby,  Vfmilllou 

Blackberry,  Kaiie.......... 

BUckburo,  Chrlillau 

%UUick»,  Adaina 

SUlackitone,  UTluifattm  . 
lalne.  Uoooe 

Hlilr,  IlADdolpb 

Ulalrtvllle,  W1II1iiub->ii.. 
mBlitka,  lit  tallo .i 

JaiantUna.  J'>  Uavli-ra  .  .N  W 
lanaiDC.  J'y  nBvlcM....NW 
BlaudrDflvllle,  Mclhinoimb  ,W 
Blank'iStailfin,  On  I'Jgo.  NK 
mBlottgm,  Will NK 

tDluomndrt,  Johbaon S 
laotufUlJ.  I'tr.ti W 

Dloomltiirdalp,  Du  J'Bite...N'K 

ffllluotnl^vtnn.McL'u  tiVf 
loiiut,  VrrmllliiD K 

Bine  Oraaa.  Veruilll'iii F. 

•  Blue  laland.  Cook NR 

Wua  /»landJufK'l,i^o<ik.  NK 

•  Blue  Uiiutid,  Macou H 

•  Blue  Point,  EtfliiKhain  ....9 

•  Blue  KiaK*^,  Plait C 

HlulTCU)'.  Hehuyler W 

•  Bl'iff  niii.  Kayott« H 

Bluff  Ualf.lireone W 

mBttdrnull.  Adami W 

•  Dlu»<,BinU W 

•  Blull  Sprlugi,  l<au W 

0  Blufuril,  JrAi-rwD. 8 

BlXton.  Fultiju .....W 

Hoai.  .Vfuaaat- 8W 

Mugie,  Law  retit'c N  K 

Botfula,  Juaper SK 

Bolivia,  C)>riatla» C 

•  Bulton,  HtcplicDwia NW 

•  Aont/,  UaD^nmoit 0 

•  ItundvlIU-,  ('humi>altcn....R 

•  Bone  nap,  Edwanla BR 

•  BunOi'ld,  Kankakee R 

liunuB.  B'MiDe K 

•  Itoody,  Macon ,rt 

•  Uou8*^BUlluli.  JaB|>er  ....HK 

•  B'lQihn.  (.1  riindy N 

Bonoa.  VAtar R 

%  B'trlon  J  UHitloy^,  Fjlgar  ..8 

•  B.tikyden,  Jaekaon B 

•  lluiiMur.i'lliiUin 1 

Hoiir'".i>.  I)..ii((t8a K 

B'>iirb<iuiidia(lrxive.  K'u'kp^K 

•  lloweu.  Ilan<nii-L W 

itoxctt^liitrg,  lAee  Ludlun)  .... 
Biiidetfiillf,  (lallatln KR 

•  /iotwdrt-.  Kdgar K 

Uuwmanvinc.  dtok NK 

Bowyrr,  ItlcMand 8R 

•  lluyd..  J  t'fferaoti 8 

•  l)<>yI(^«tot),  WByne t>R 

Itoyiiiou.  iHicwell ...C 

•  Itraretlll--,  tlruo'ly N 

•  Uradliury.  (.uiiiiierlaad .  ..K 
ItriiAtt,  llamlllon 8 

•  UradfiirJ.  8Urk C 

•  BiMlfunliiin.  HannmoD  ,.C 

R Bradley,  TaEew^ir. 0 
tlOlAui:.  Uiilnn 8 

•  Brmtdwood,  WIB KR 

Vifrcfifrd.  Cook ....NR 


OQVwn.    I  a  MS.    ror. 


JVrancA,  Mil  Clair. . 


•  Ilrped'a, 
i|lrp>M<,  I 

Orainpu.  IUt..l.ilph. . . 
Brt\r*r,  Vtrinllli'U 

:/ft/.i-*vr*,l'lkB..., 
Jlriar  Ultiir.  Ilaury  . 


..MW 


•  HriarUliiir.lli 

• /Inar /fill.  Kane i* 

a/iiirti,,..,  Ufaile N 

/rii.i.f**/i«>'-floN.  Hadlann..n 
0H>ulfJuKrltnft.  PefiHa.O 

•  //.|./,,«/'««' (»«».,  Will..  NR 

•  lt<  f'uf  .;<iar|'fi,  ilt.1  lair  HW 


•  //.. 


i4./u>i('Moa,  Alei'd'rH 


ilHvlH.n,  UwTPbCn  .     NK 

nfli-If*Bl^r,  Oremr..,.       W 
//r((/Al...i.  Jrraey BW 

•  llilNiitDn.  Uai'ouiilD C 

•  tlrit/Mu.n  I'.irk,  Cook. . .  N  K 

•  llrliiillrl.l,  Pix.rta O 

0  Itruk'int,  Will NH 

•  /«rUrM>. /:iark ■ 

•  llrlali'l,  Kridall M 

•  llri<aill*tiili,  I  nampalim  .  .R 

•  lii.Ht..i,.  t^ilrtr R 

^tliwi.iir,  U<Uan HW 

•  /;ruiy*.luf#.  took NR 

•  HriMikllpa  Park,  Cook.. Nl 

•  Bruaktun,  balliie 8 

•  0riK>k(|ri,  Maaaao BW 

Arootfyn.Httlalr 8W 

Brooklyn,  tkbuyler W 

Bruoka,  Madliou 0 

Br<Mikvllle.Cflle N 

•  BruuihUiu, jiainiltua  . . 


t'aluiiK 


'aluiitfl  MiY»',  Cook . . 
•,ilt„i        ■     ■ 


.BK 


•  Brvwnlni,  Bchurler.... 

•  BrowniL  KdwardB __ 

Bnjiim'a  MIU,  {t^t\  Inintlale). 

•  Browualfiau,  Karalta 8 

•  BM«i»\nie,  WhW HK 

•  Brnre.  Iloullrh- G 

BrttnllharU  /'lofir .  Jaikaon  8 
|lruniwlok.llhrlt)y..........U 

Ilruahy  Fork,  IhjuRla* ,R 

llruaaela,  Calhoun w 

•  Bryaut,  Fulum W 

mBryMn,  Jackaun B 

HtfkanitH,  (i)'!^  Dunn) 

llurkt'ra,HtP»hriiBi>n....   NW 

Burk  Horn,  Brown W 

JliM-*  Hitrn  tthiHit,  i'lke  . .  W 

•  Bucktmbam,  Kiukakee.  .R 

•  Bucklry,  lrui)u<>lB .K 

•  /riH-kn^'-,  Franklin 8 

•  lliula,  bureau N 

SBudd,  fJrhi^l'in 0 
urna  Park,  Cook NK 

•  lliiena  VliU,  Hteph'aou.NW 

•  Buffalo,  Kanframoo t) 

BuSal»Un>va,Uka NR 

•  Buffalo  IIart,Baofainon  ..0 
Buffalo  I'ralrte.  H.  filand  NW 

llumpiia.  Jrfferton 8 

Buuvumbe,  Jiibnann.,.. fi 

•  Bunker lint,  Mai-uuplu...G 

•  Bureau,   Bureau M 

•  Bureau  Aiding.  Lm N 

Burkavnie,  Monroe HW 

%HurktTttit,  Uonroa BW 

•  kurttngiint*,  Caaa ,  W 

•  BurntiKion,  Kane N 

•  nutllHqiim  Piirk,  UuP'eNK 

Buniham,  Cook NR 

Built;  llrfiry NW 

•  lliiriiaitluCniulnn,   C'k.NK 

SBiirnwldf,  Hancock W 
urnt  Prairie.   White t^K 

JBurrlhik;  C.iok NK 
urrowavlllc  Piatt <i 

Burton.  Adanii W 

J  Burton  View.  ]»Kan U 
Buahiiell,  He Bonouitb. . . .  W 

•  BuBhl..n.Colra K 

•  Builer,  MuQtaomery V. 

•  BuiU,  Kaukakee R 

BuKnu,  Clltilon 8 

mByhtt,  Yn\Uin W 

Uycrton.Callioon W 

9 /tl/>  nrrillf.  I  In  Pa 
«|l.r»ii.    iwl.-   


,.NR 


H 


•  ritiro.Ali'xander... 

•  Calrdoula,  B<ioiie. .... 
iCtittilanM  JuncUttn,  B'ne  N 

•Cathnun,  KIctaland BR 

"  U^ornlii  Arrnut,  Cook. .  *"" 


..NK 
..NK 

..NK 


>^ 


.  NW 


.  Whll^ 

•  <'iiiiinrir>.  I'liUKlao 

•  L'aiiibrtilBe.  Kei 

i  Bimli-n.  St'lHi)  Irr w 

r.i/:i'lfii  .Villi,  {tee  Milan)... 

•  Caiiicntn.  Warreu W 

(.BJiipbell,  Culra K 

•  ('aiiiphelllllll,  Jaikauu  ...8 
CainpCrT>\e,filark G 

•  Camp  Point,  Adaiiia W 

•Campus,  Llvlnftaton G 

•CtnavUk-,  WiiiiamauD 8 

•  CanttHt,  Madlion c 

•  Caulon,  Fulton W 

•  rantrall,  Kiiutainou G 

•  l^apnin,  Booue N 

t'lirft^r'a  /iMgt,  ueti  Karber'a 

til'ltce) 

•  C*rt>on  Cliff.  Uock  I'al.NW 

•  Carbouilalf.  Jarkaon. .....8 

•  rurllnvtlle.  .Macoupin.  .G 

•  CarliK-k,  Md.fan BW 

•  (.arllou,  Uf  Kalb N 

•  «*url>'le,  ClIt.toD 8 

•  Carinun.  ilrnderaon W 

•  4'Mruil,  Willie KK 

•  (,Vir«(i/i.i«.  I*-e.,,. N 

•  CariKiiltr,  Madlioa C 

•  carivnlpravilli',  Kaoe....N 

•  Carrler'a  Mnn.  Sabiie. .       " 
Oirtoll,  Cnrrr 
•CHrnftlUiii,  Greene.. 
•carruw,  Kanhakii- r. 

•  Cartervlllis  Winiamaon  ...8 
•CnrthHKt*.  )lBncuck....W 

•  <.'(/rlAu{/<  Juncliou,  ll'a'n  W 

•  CaryBUtlon,  McHenr7...N 
•Caaey.  Clark K 

•  CaKyvillf.  Balnt  Clair. .  .8W 

•  CaaiitT,    Maron 8 

Caapar'a,  WaahlugtJin H 

•  Coa»,  Caaa W 

•  Caalltrtuii,  Klark ti 

•  ('(Kllehtn,  Kaukakee K 

caaior,  Wsvno 8R 

CUfitk.  VMtKiT 

•  t^ailln.   Wrmill.in.. 

•  Ciiiuit.  Man^iull  ..., 

•  (.Vilfm  /'.irjn.  Will  ... 
Ca«e  la  R<K  k.  flardlu. . . 
CawUiuo,  WllDamaon  ... 
•Cayuca,  livluptoD.... 


,.KW 


K 

G 

.NR 


•  Ceni 

•  (•nl 

•  Ceni 


rowa.      OOVRTt.       I.iuii.    ^r  I 

•CaMnovla.  irai>4ford 
mr,4(ir.  Whlteahle  ...       ^ 
r„l.tr  fli.iif.  J.'hKBuu. 

(  y,|.i,'  Mill,.  <iri-eu« 

1  i.larvUk,  hlrphenaoii      t, 
mctw'i  ll.wl*.  UhbII' 
(^«nt«)<)ii.i^Htpplieiw<.n     s; 
%rtHin;  TBBBweU,,. 

•  r(A(#i-ri(f«,  Unindir  , 

x'entral  city,  Marlm 

•nlrallB,  Uarlun 
_    entral  Park,  c<».k  ..    >. 

>ntre.   H«'li<i)r|er 

BCfnira/'ol'il,  Knot.. 

'»nire  «(.!(/'.  (aea  i|«ei.,i<t 

eiiiretille,  Puit 

VfHUrrtlU,  (are  Br|uH.|i.,.. 

•  OiitrPvllleBtaiUin.hi  ( i  ■> 
•CerroUordo,  Plait.  ,  . 
iChadwlek,  Carroll.,,      s 
Chainn  Brldia.  M»nr»«     -^ 

•  ChallarotnlMt,    Maiou,.  ,, 
(  haiiilterahurgli,  Pikf 
I  lianitiraL  Wllliaiiiaiiii 

•  ChaniMlfn.i  liampaiKii 
rA'iriipfH,  lJ*lnirabin 

•  Chana,Osl« 

•  ('*ilN'Jrrr,<'ooll > 

•  ChaudlefTtlle.CaM 

i^banuahon.  Will ^ 

•  Chapin,  Moriaa 

•  Chapman,  Montaumrry 

•  fA..;-,r>»'j; f.Nik ^ 

•  '  liafliT.  Vrnnlllon. .. 

•  I'harleaton,  Co 


l'<H)ria 

•  Clialtiaiit.  BanBBinoo    .     r 

•  CbaUirortli,   UnllMptiii      i. 

•  ChaiUD,  Adaina w 

Cliaiiiirey,  Ijiwranre SK 

•  4  hrtiaiiar.  Iroquula K 

•  I  .lelteuliam.  Cook  .  \K 
•<'^#J(fttA<ir>i  f^<i.  A,(  i.,kSK 

•  Cl.^m.inK.  Milbuf.  s 

•  I  lirii«>y*vlll*>     Vt'rnilh.ii     i 

•  ri]i'ni.Ht.  M'Uaii  .  ^vi 
mr/.rrr}f  HilU.  Will  .St 

•  (''irr>y  l-ilol.  Kilgar  K 

•  Ctiprry  Vallry,  Wlnvii'^  ,  s 

•  OhKBteir.  )lando)|>ii   .    .- ^ 

•  ('liniTfli'ia  MwM.ui'iii  •- 
mVtntfrr.i.f.  '-off-in r 

•  ChratrrTlUe,  Jumla*. . .       K 

niriiime,  Ad.mi w 

•  <  hr.inul,  Ixcao i: 

•  <:illC'A<M>,C>wk.,      NKLJ 
%l.'kir.iigo  ^  AvilntlonJun-  . 

Cook NK 

•  Chlcagit  M<-lifhta,Cook..  Ni; 

•  Chh-api  I.itwn,  Cook  . . ..  N JC 

•  CAIrtfTliiff,  tijundy M 

Chin.  Hancock W 

•  Chlllk-uthp,  PeurU...  .  c 
CAovToie,  iat*i  Bee  Crcpk  > 

•  ChtiimBn,  Kdnr K 

•Ch.-lainplipr.  Franklin.  ..  4 

•  C'AurrA.  haliit  Clair AVI 

04<'«ro,  (•ee<'lilra«o) 

Cincinnati,  PIka W 

flurinnaii,  <aeo  Pin  Oak) .... 
OfnUMH*.  Taaeweit ,    c 

•  CIteo,  Piatt i: 

•Cliue,  Warn* >E 

mClitnaJu'tr.,  IriMjuota  .    K 

•  CiaanaPark,  Iroqtiola.  .    P. 

•  (  Ivpr.Fuluin W 

CUUrt stafn.  (aeoWld'onj..') 
CI<iro.Co|pa  ..  K 

•  Clare,  IK-Xalh... M 

•  Claremont,  Itlcbland  .  »V 
Clarence,  Ford 1 

•  Clarendon  Hllla.UuPafle  N)- 

Clark.  Jeraey (iW 

Chirk  Centre,  Clark. .. . . .      K 

•  ClarkdaleJuDc.flook..  S^ 

Clarke  City,  Kankakee ¥. 

mVlark'M,  C.Kik NB 

•  Clarkadalo.t  hrlillan i; 

Clarkaon,  Wnyno HK 

•  Clay  Ctty.i  lay S 

CUy'a  Prairli'.  Kdcar K 

•  Ctaytoo,  Adaina W 

•  ClaytonTUlp,  IroquoU R 

riear  Creak.  Putnam N 

Cleone,  Ctarx K 

cneveland,  llenrr NW 

Cllff.1  ale.  Calhoun W 

•  ^((/■lon.C.wk SK 

•  Cltrion,  Ir<><|Uoli K 

mciiflon  Tfrrae*.  Uta\f  i^  f 

•  Clinton,  DeWttt C 

•  Cftntonct/ftf.  Kane N 

•  C(fa((i.  Adama w 

•  C(ur«,  Randolph sW 

•  Clorerdale,  DnPagc NK 

ChriTTUI«.  Shelby C 

•  ('lybnuni  Jiinrltoii.C'MkSE! 

•  <  lyde,  CO..L VK 

%t:il/'lft  UacniiplQ i: 

•  r.'fHif/riMncWNfic.Orui  <li  V 

•  <'(Ki(  CAKt.-.  Witt NE 

•  Coal  City,  tirundy N 

mCoal  Mtnei,  Will NK 

•  CVdl  Shaft.  Bansamou       c 

•  Oo.i(  rror*,  USflll.-.,.  N 
•Coal  Valley, lt«<-k  Ulamisw 
CiKiinile.  LltliiK'ton i' 

•  OooJrf/;«Jurt>-..UvluKi>l'  M' 

•  Coatibursh,  Adatna W 

•Coh<1.>n,  L'lilou 4 

Gockrrll.  Stephenaon NW 

•  CofTcpn,  MontKotnery ^' 

Cohn.Llark K 

•  Ci-tp  Orfn*.  Jackaou  ...     s 

•  Cnli-tiratpr,  McUonouKh    W 

Culdtimok,  warren W 

CuU  Imu.  Mpteer SW 

•  Coli'hour,  Cook .s'  K 

mt.'uUmaH,  Kane N 

•Cole*.  Moultrie c 

CojM,  Clinton S 

ColPta.  Whltealrte N  W 

•  Coltai.  MrUan -W 

%(:omtra,  Peoria i" 

^Comntbtirgk,  Johoaon       -^ 

•  CollIiiavlUe,  Madlaon...     '■' 

•  Colniar,  klcDnuouirh  ...    ^^ 

•  l^luna  Buuon,  Henry .  s  ^ 
Colorado.  Pope ^ 

•  Columbia,  Mimrne ,-W 

%Culuinbiafia,  Ureene w 

('ohiiiibna,  Adami W 

CoUmbrn,  (»ee  Wool) 

•  Colu^  llancoek W 

•  '•„/,(„.  IvKalb S 

•  Colvlii  Park.  DeRalb  ...    M 

•  ruKibJ.VirlfrA,  PUIt «' 

•  CtiilUT,    M^t'uuplii C 

Commrnlal  point,  Al'a'in!' '  S 

Como.  WhiltMlde .'-rtf 

t.'oiiinroinUf.  4  haUipalKii  .    ^■ 

•  (%.ioptou.  14m >> 

•  (.'uifij/ix-t,  Madlaou r 

•  ('onant.  Perry 1 

•  O'ucord,  Mor)(ma.. 

•  CtiMf.tlalut  Clair... 


•"(.R 


.   HW 

V.">-.i'. 

p,.,W.<4.lt. 

tkl,». 

'....  '■ 

L  l('<'k  l*ian<' 

»>m.m«,» 

..  H 

iJ.iOKxKin. 

iir„V 

..NW 

;i...fc 

^ruDdj-    

HW 

KW 

a.  WKalh 

BW 

.hhpii))'... 

HahaiA.. 

\t\ltnty  . 

N 

rufldy  . . 

ir<l,  Wllllat 

■«m  ,  ■» 

toaper      .      ., 
;  FraiikllD., 

..mbrrlaiid  ... 

r,  Mrl/an 


ainiHii 
-If. If 


IWlU).  . 

.   ..8W 


-eUtljJ 

jirj/V  «(Lean      ftW 
[ji-(Vff.(»eeCryiUlL 
Jlah*.  HtIlpnry.,.N 

^  N 


if  iji..f-p  Carrie  r*!  Ma. 

Jlfnircl   C 

\,  i»pphiinirine) ... 


rek.  Jiihuaon 8 

,_   i>rlf.iu.(lKllalll)HR 
LCarmll NW 


I,  llamniun  .,, 

ESteplirnMi'n  ... 

mmUtuo 

bty,  llauowk.., 
KKy,  Miiultrle.. 
Kfilephrnaun..., 
itiiip,  CIlDtun.. 
bBalle 


IR.  (leeMcCluiky).. 

toil.  t>alDt  Clair.  SW 

1,K  intClalr....sW 

.liik K 


lUlUII N 

^r,  Uaton  g 

liHeiidrraoQ W 

■"H NR 

wk.TaieiU'll...    C 

LUhP SB 

V.iirir{M>p(:ainou11 

■.  wniiMidf.NW 


LJlfkKi! 

(.IVKalt) 

„1.  llaiiillUin.. 

lNc>ui 

IPlitt 

i-ll... 


& 


& 


LTaif 
Mtrugpiu.. 


.  eW 


bV.WillluiiK.u 

....8 

y'^n 

8 

t.  \Vhlteild(.. 
ilUnriwk  .... 

NW 

Jo  Itarlna 

NW 

m.-',Jol>aVi 

W 

.ankikee 

,  Jarktun 

....8 

liiH.Cook 

NR 

itianipalun  ... 
Ijumit  ..... 

...K 

Enogham  .... 

...8 

Ki.(ininily  .... 

.8W 

m 


MAP   INDEX  OF   ILLINOIS. 


itp 

ittU 

Vw     ■ 

rla 

L  Jflhnmn 

1 

MmllBon,. 

'■    ^*, 

[>.>ii»u8h  . . 

\\     1 

on,  HcDiT. 

s\V      9 

IP — 

I(.nrf>p..... 

W     J 

.Oreecc.. 

kina 

w     > 

eeWuol).. 

i.--k 

.  w     1 

•Il> 

s      " 

.  IH-IUIb  . . 

S       i 

A.  PlWt.. 

..   L"         ' 

unt'ArJi'ii 

t.rS      1 

rte 

l.ftUipttllttl 

"i   i 

lBiUfc)ii".V," 

r/ 

<rtf»'> 

W       1* 

:uir 

6«         » 

louiiTT.       Wl-tl.      W 


ftH 

<   ,]..))•'>  sw 

,6 

■  III 

> c 

Toa 

ft 

fe 

) N 

s 

li.Vim.,,,.,.,,     H         E 

P'";.™- uJ,     ,5 


jduit,  HillUinionK         »M 


ETr.i.>ll. 8 

U 

MnVrlud K 

15 

KcUui «W 

!>} 

b...^-.n-.:*" 

& 

?;r".r"U 

.£ 

Wiil«l.ir 8W 

& 

Wm>.»'>M t' 

L(W«  1l'«t)) 

X 

w^.  U.K-ao      8W 

X 

ltMV'i7.iM>frrriUlU.)X 

[;k..M.llrnrr  .,N 

TBI 

^*«Ju..fiWii,  Ur- 

X 

ui;.i;;.".''.V'.'.'.'.'.'.w 

1.114 

U*lnctton ^r 

M) 

nCooli NK 

3.0W1 

M.Vbil-ii.CuokyiC 

« 

.bnpmon c 

IW 

yi;;.4ir«c>rrl(r'iMi. 

X 

X 

L  iwohtmirllie) ... 

i 

li,.y..u»rt« V 

imr^riLifi C 

100 

hrk.  Will NK 

IW 

rmV H 

ISO 

C...-k SB 

X 

*»li,  J..hii»i>n 'A 

,rFin<-t<<"i.()allillliS)C 

i 

.firnill NW 

g 

.KlH>i W 

D.IUinllluti a 

Ml 

.gl^phfnWi'.'.V.NW 

,& 

LnuU « 

X 

Stjf.Iltur.K-k W 

m 

tiij.  Mi'Uimo r. 

SJl 

iHUpiirniiin NW 

ISO 

Isillf.  nimun » 

icu 

tf,*\\t s 

m 

iiJI.  l-ilDtCUIr.  liW 
iiClUT,...8W 


((/•.tr*.  Couk.NK  X 

UrhFttMO NW  4M 

t.ril»B,0|le N  SOU 

.-■trrr B  X 

I^KtUKamon V,  BOO 

i<',i:<- N  luo 

EUMlIf N  233 

lir.MiroO  B  K.M1 

kHcDilrnob W  aa 

.NK  X 

t.Tuewtll C  m 

LUk< NB  IM 

V.llH/  iH^I-:*inoii'li 
■.  WhitMidf  .NW 


...NK 


I  ml 


|Fkr.|.n.lAt^lle..K 

'     "ilhoun W 

j|Ch*mpilfni R 

kJuliMjn s 

lIi^Kilt) ..N      J.ST9 

Jl.  HaiiillUiD 8 

IMcl^tn HW 

iPUtl (■ 

T-TlH-wrll U      I.IM 

Hitoopiu C 

sw 

i.'U N 


IMamnBd  Uk«.  ?*li« ^J 

/*i.i«»rffMi  J/i»t»».  V»(tillk.n|e 
A  [IK  k'rwm,  <  hiniiMtfii  K 
mtiuHv':  Kftnttax''*  .  K 

Sr>iMtnrti,  limui^  !■■>       >* 

;niJ.iii.  T«ww'  II    .  '' 

■  lnil*burih.(,liiittpw«u       K 

iDlmmkk,Uli>ll« K 

rTmiifc  CojM.     ,  ■ " 

triMm,  HiBn<rlt .W 
riKiriKin.  Hannnoa C 

Ihrlitf,  .Irffcrwm n 

^iHHit*,  Oniuilr K 

#|tn,  Jt-Bi-rmxi 1 

«|»lii>li,L«*.......-.    .■     J* 
. '.  la.F.    .  ..a  Allan  Smm  t 


-.■•■Vf-r, 


hilMiUgk.. 


.  fnl'.i 


,.NK 


#lN.ll|^.n 

•  houBrlt^'N.  M<inl«am«rr   <; 

i  Homn*iimi:  I  lark K 

■  IXKiuvan,  1  ruqnol*.   , 9 

Z  pirunt  Cro—int.  CiOm.  . .  K 

i  iKiR-hMtvr,  MaoiUpiR (J 

i  nnnrr,  MaillMio .0 

:iK...fVKn,., W 

Ih.ualii*.  M   (  lair "W 

#/i.,htfM»/''"*,t'"<'k     .   NK 


•  NK 


..M 


#i>..*iirr'*()rrtr,f>ur 

•  Ihiwiia,  KfrUan i 

7t;».,rillf.  Kaixlolph I 

%lhukf,  Urf^ne 

•  l>rtt»r.  ruettP 

{imvvn.  Jtmrml 
firwiHrnmiA  Will 

I>rury,  Rnrk  IiUHil 1 

Drrdi-a,  JaSknon 

Iiu^Hh,  Mnnifomtri 

•  Duhtila,  WiiMufton 

f  Itudlar,  Kdnr 

nmllar""''''  ""'n't ■ 

hunhitr,  titfphciiaiin  ....  I 

•  ItiiiK-an.hUrk 

9;)iii<n)'i'«,  OiUaUli 

t)u,Kau'a  UllU.  FttlloB.... 

•  Ifuurauvllle,  (TawforJ . 

•  thiDiti*,  UkhUnil 


iiumfdrniuiHi.  Fnllon W 

•  Iiunkel,  ClinallaD C 

illuntap,  Frciha (' 

hunUuK  >•*■<•  V:  nul)ii(|ii()  .. 
Diinti.  M..ullrl.i « 

•  l>uniilnf.<  '"'k NIC 

l)upaf»,  '■111 NR 

•  Au|K»<i.(<'uk NK 

»I)u'iuiiln,  PrrrjF 9 

•  Durftnd,Wliihr)M«< N 

nofhamril^urwlt W 

/>iir/*v,  lloDil 8 

/h((rAffoHowJr(«  M.St,  cr  raw 

•  Dwif ht,  Uvtnnttin C 

Silalikf.  Will NK 

Rula  Point.  OkIx N 

•  FfiTtvlllf>,  L«Kallii V 

Karlr  I'awn.  I-'f » 

•  Kaahurn,  IroquMta 

^Crltl  finUiTin,  Ktua... 
nilurlinrnn.  Kaua... 
SE.  CaiwOirarartu,  AIn'rH 
R.  CBn)Ddeli'i,  h\.  rUIr  HW 

•  fdlf  canton.  UhllealdrNW 
fjal  titratur,  klaroii . 

>R.Ditbaqua,.lo)>ar 

^l■l/>wnd(^  KiUK.. 


..   W 

f~  £■«*!  joUtt,  Will N  K 
(lal /.oiiMi'iifi,  I'lke W 

•  EiulLjiiu.  Vinnllloii K 

KmI  Nrwl.crn.  .J^rwj" BW 

A'-AVrtV''']""*  HlnTinin 

SiKattiiii.  Maaon 
>*t  I'aw  i'tw,  lifKalb   . 

•  Kaat  frorla,  T.wwi-11 V. 

•  K4*tria1<'.  Kaiif N 

?hnH  Ai«A/<wil,W'nfliaicii  N 
■  i*t  HmtbimULnQV NK 

SYmx  ax.  l^tiU,S(.  C'lalr. .  MW 
ut  Whratlinil,  Will NR 

Katon.  frawfori ....8K 

FIberk,  EtniiRham 8 

FddjfTlllc.  I'ow; B 

•  fJdelatclti.  PeorU .C 

•  Ellen.  I'ruriB C 

«K.liraf.  Mirar B 

•  Kilirrwatrr,  t.'iMik NK 

•  Kilgewo'Ml.  rmnirhatn....  8 
fc'iltflurUin.  Kot-lc  ItlaDd..NW 

•  hdliiliuntli.  Chrlattau 0 

SiEdl»oDl-:'rk,<u..k NK 
rtmunris.llirtr.K^k W 

•  Kdwanla.  ['torla C 

•  Edward^vlllp,  MarilaonC 

aon V, 

% li(ht»riltT''eJuHeHoH,  kladl- 
Hon C 

•  RfflnBliani,  EfllnRliaiii.  tl 

•  Rffner.  Iru-juola K 

•  Kgauiltv,  (Htle N 

•  *■«("■«.  '-■'*lt  ■  ■ .  ■ N  K 

"  JicgUilon,  C<jok  . 


NW 


ittlmwiml.  Pmh*. , 
Kl  Haaii,  W.-ilfofti  . 
klaah.  .Ii-ra*/ .-  . 
riMioii,  i.x.d 
kltmrr*,  I  imk  ...,■  ■  ■■ 
KlvtflUlhiii.  IMValU.. 
KItatti'n.  llai,r(W«.  .. 
ivira.  .1  ihnMin 

:f;i»iti.  M«-<.i 
f:i«..,.l.  Will  ...  


NK 

8 

NW 


Kinilrn,  |i-fflii  , 

ilirn-ili,  WlilickUc, 

•  Kiiirrv.  Mari.n 

tlCmliiu(*.ii.  |JHn«tto 
miiia,  Willi* 

•  r.m|dr»,  Ut'I.Mii.... 

nudor.  Will  ...  ,.,.. .NH 

:Knfl)-ld,  Wliilr ..It 
K^,l.i  J u  ft- l.uH.VtMtt  UK 

•  K.iHi.-«....t.  r.Hik NK 

Khtflrwix.d  lliiHhU,  iVih  NK 
KnNllah  l>rairl«,  Ucll'iiry  . .  H 
h.iZ.».r»lh-a W 

•  A'noi,  Mar<iii|du U 

KiiL-rprUf,  Wa>u9 HR 

•  »'.U.|fi>raii« NK 

•  A'(i|>«r«"i.  Urltunuuiti  ..W 

•  titlualltT,  liallaUn VR 

fKrip,  Wtillrald NW 
ruril.Clark I 

•  Arii.t,  I  lark K 

J-.i/.M.T.M.k NK 

Kr.lu.  MMi»lrr W 

•  Kir I,  IM  Kalh N 

•  K-ai-t.  Knnkakn K 

•  Kiu>,(ul,i K 

•  Kuliatik*.  Adan W 

mk»rlhH\tfk,tuoil HR 

Jui/fn*,Ki»<% W 

•  Kurrka,  w.«MtA>rd C 

fkTaiia.  Manhall 0 
fan»  Mill.  AliTiaii W 

?Kv»n.t.<Q,t.K.k  NR 
rinatlllc.  lUiiilolpta HW 

•  iTrarft,  hU'iilii'UtoO  ....NW 

•  Kverfrren  Park,  t'<)(ik..NK 

fKvtrtnuin,  Kflln|b«iii H 
•Ing,  Pr«ukiin H 

Ktmnglon,  Kflliigtiaiii K 

Kichuico,  Marlon H 

KxffUl.ir  Mllf,  Jo  Uav  a.  N W 
KietfT.  Kt-ott W 

•  KiKur,  Kaukakra h 

•  Pvlar.  Utlupaliin 


/'(Kdnjf.sprlnya.  Ml.  (iBlr.RW 

•  f"aliiiouUi,.rai|»r..  "" 

•  rBDCh<r.  Blielbr  ... 


lirfrii'iii.  Mnulirtr... 
#Kal[burri  Uvlniraton... 

•  ralrntiM.  Wavnc... 

f  PairUnDf*.  Vufti 

Pair  llavrn,  i  armll 

•  Falrlaiid.  Ih'UitIa*... . . . 

•  Kaltman.  MarlOD 

•  Kalrtiiouiii,  Vrrmilliiu. 
Fiiirtnvuni  f'urk,  C'lXih . . 

•  ralrvlrw,  Kulton 

mt'alrrtfui  I'ark.  O-ik.. 
Xair  Wrallir-r.  Arlam*.... 

KallCrrrk.  A<Uiiia 
U*.  Ml. 

.,.«i,  BHeIb> 

Fuirr  Pr8{rti>,  Meitard._ 

Fanduu,  McbuDoufb W 

fantv,  WiXKlford C 

Farff.'.  Ui'iwn W 

•  Farina,  Kayclle S 

•  Farlow,  Moultrie V 

'  Fanndair-.  Taicwell, .         " 


•  FannliitPlalf,  HaniraiiiAii 

•  FarmttigtiiD,  Fultou 

Farm  lil<lK<-.  lASallfl 

>'orw#H,  tiM'k ; 

•  Fayptt*",  llrppoB 

Pavriipvlllp.  Ki.  tlBlr 1 

myttiuiuriUf.  Cwik 

Kfltef,  (irffiii- 

•  FrnLin.   VVIiHralilc ? 

Fcrdliiaml,  Itmk  laUiid.  .^ 

•  Frrnw(.<«t,  look 

•  Krrr.ll.  Kdtrar 

•  F<'rrla,njiin>i-1( 

•  Flait,  Fiilli'U ., 

•  Firklin,  ImjukU* 


luv,  ('hainpatftii... 
•    KalE.... 


...NR 


'■.Wiliianiiiiti'. 

...a 

Pfrrj 

...3 

..w 

L  WhiirilJe... 

NW 

JUnr^itk 

.   W 

Hurrau 

J«Di.lrta.... 

NW 

rrir',  JoDan'i 

NW 

• 

..w 

■QkakN 

...K 

JackauD 

....S 

iHa,l-ook 

.NR 

Ik* 

...w 

Irrwr 

NW 

M".;;; 

...K 

,..C 

Eaotham  . . . 

....8 

Ki.OniBilT.... 

...N 

1  L'rojt,  It'dolpl) 

.8W 

l*,l*Wp..., 

Elba,  Oallntin SK 

Eli/ri'iat.  Ednar B 

•  Ellmro.  Kaiii^ N 

•  EIco,  Ak(aiidi;r .8 

ElUarj.nkr W 

#Kldrnft,Uf M 

ghlftrr*  Hi.UniJ.  M<'U«u.  .bW 
Idi-rftllp.  llaiioork W 

•  Kl  l>onut<>,  Uullur a 

tEldr«l,(lreetiB W 
Wrtrtp^Edjrar R 

•  Elfanor,  Warrfo W 

•  Klrrur,  HtephtuBOD NW 

•  IUkIii.  KBue N 

FUiU.  Wlnnrba«o N 

Kl./a,  Mcnnr NW 

•  ElUtbi-tl],  Jti  OaTteaa..  NW 
Kttanht'tlilownJUrdiu  SR 
Elk  «nivr,lw>k NK 

•  Klhhan,  liOKBD C 

FlklioTii,  Wiialilninon D 

Klkhorn  Orove,  Carroll.  ..NW 
Ktk  Prairie,. If fft^rauii S 

•  KIkvlllp.JafkBuu S 

•  Fllpry,  Edwarda RR 

KlIlnKton,  Adnina W 

•  Elll..it,  Ford K 

Klll»t»l»wn,  KIBnihani H 

Fllladruvo,  Itatidolpti 8W 

Fill*  Mound.  Hamilton 8 

Kllinoii,  Warivn W 

KI1I»>1I1p.  FiiKon W 

myilltriHf  .Vf'Klon.FultOD.W 

•  Klliworth.  Mf1«in SW 

Kim  Hrmmh,  Waynit. ......BB 

Rim  GroTe,AriBma W 

•  Elmbnnt,  Du  PagB VR 

ElinlrB,8urk O 

KUooM,  ptodB 0 


•  Ftdpiuy,  Jpra*T.. 
FiiUi-     '•' 

FleWun,  .Irmry 

Flf'-r,  Wilxaii 

•  Flllinorp.  floutvonifry.. 

•  Fllaou,  Douttiaa 

Flndlay,  Ktielby 

•  FiDnex,  Jai'kaoii 

•  Fluhrr,  Cliampalfni 

~  FiMHrrt,  Vcnillllou  . 

uhfr-i  i:  ■■ 

Kluhllook.  _     

Futi  lakf,  Bi.  «:ialr 

Ktthlun,  Vrrmlllou .....B 

Fltu  mil.  Franklin S 

FlliRerrvl,  Jrir«TMiu B 

mfirti'ohitt,Vjigw K 

•  Flagjt.  (W K 

•  >'iiigtf  rv/.lrf,  OflP M 

•  FlHiiJKHn,  l-lMnmon    ....C 

•  Ftiiltixk.  ( raMfuTd....SR 

Klat\iltt>.  ( liutii|>lun K 

Fk  ml  Dirtoii,  Edgar  . 


iriiiiuKiuii,  r.uHitr  ..... 

F1HllllT.>lcU«U 

Flint,  Hamlll  >n 

•  Flora,  ll.iy 

Kloravme.ht.  Clair 

Flonurr.  pike w 

•  Floreijco  Statluu.Sl'ph'liN  W 
FI'Tld.  Piniism K 

TKiMiiiland.  ciiiQiualan K 
or.(A,i,n.  CiH,k NB 

•  ForiatCUjr,  Ma*iiu. 

•  ForfBidtin,  (*(Mk  .. 

•  Fort-alHill.Coiik.... 

•  Fi-rfHHiU.  took... 
%Fi»t»t  Ho^itf.  C<Mik. 

•  Fonnora,  MadlMin.. 
F"rr.'M,  iJTlngaton  ... 
;  Korrerton.  t'ltie 

•  Fi)r»ylh.  Maron 

ForlVh<frU»,  IlhiMlolldi  . 
FortllUI.  Uke  . 
9F<>TtUthtit,Ju\.. 

•  >'.jr|  /.ur.  Jifppr.., 
Forisherldan,  lj(kr.. 
FoMrr,  ItiH-k  Iiland. 
Fo-lprburRti.  MiidtMin 
FoMrr  Pond,  M-iurof 

•  FouDlalii  niuff.  Jatkacin 

Fouiitaltidalp.  i>tilp n 

FoiinUln  (Incii.  Hauiwk..W 
%F«ur  J/i(»Ofl»'ff,8l.crrSW 

•  FoMlrr.  Adania W 

•  Fi>x.  K«udall N 

FoT  tjikf.  Uke NB 

•  Fc-x  HirtrJtiniKoH.  KaoeK 

•  For  /tirer  AtrKcA.Kam . . M 
FoxviUe.  UarluD B 

JFr^nrt,  Vermilion B 
ranktort,  Franklla S 

rranVort,  WIU KB 


..8W 


..8W 


..NW 


...NK 


".'.kw 


ti.ttt  NK 


..NW 

,...c 

,.bW 


awn.        CKlOXTf.         IBOBI, 

fof 

FfBnkfl.MaiBKon.  Will    NK 

■mn 

Fraoklln.  M'^rgau W 

•.n 

:h 

>iiklin  I'wit.  Iltrdlu...   BK 

m 

iiiki,  li.K.II.    ...SI 

f. 

•  ..■f.Wu.U'        IK 

»-(.d>'rli  h.^t  i...)l«r   W 

IM 

»r.d 4.  Wllll«niar.n.    ...» 

IW 

FrnhiifBh,  (*t.  <  lair  ..    kW 
rppili.m.  Ijiialla.........  N 

M« 

lilt 

>■",,-„..  Ran.' N 

KifriHir!.Ht.pti»na<.ii  .SW 

io.irt 

•  ^Mirli  \iLlrtM.  Kl    CIMIXW 

FriMi.l  iirotr,  W.il.aah.   ..  UK 

Ffirixlinll'..  Wabaah 8K 

Frotfl  >)U).  I  lini « 

•  *;.„.(,, M„-   (h,|'a*e...   .SK 

iFf...t.  »h.,.,.,„     C 

fiijiftit,.ir,((i.  imi'airt...,  Nl 
Fi.lirr.r.i....  ...IP K 

•  i..iirfi...i. i.,-»iit..    .,  n 

iK<ilt,.fi.  t\  1,11, .1.1(1..     ..ftW 
iF',ll„„.lHH>-  .WIulMldrNW 

•  ^||•>l< rr.  K.mniham  .      H 

•  Junior.,. I*.  Mi'laau  HW 

•  A-./.j..,..  .,  ht.  llHir .      hW 


•  llxifllll,  lo  l>u<tiM 

•  '-.|(r.,.iy«,.r  JuKata, 

JflNti-alMtruh,  Kiiol. . 
.-...Mil,-,  run... 

mOiiUuuo,l.t,.uk  ... 
Oallaiihflr,  Rlrhland.. 

•  lUIUiia,  r-alliir 

t)«llo\t.i},  |.at4>iir. .. 

•  <Ulr.  Willi. 


;.i5 


.  NK 


,..KW 


u 


'Uglaa... 

•  ''"""<-  Vftiy 

•  <i4h*.  Menrv 

llano,  I,.., k 

Itaptii'iVc.   \jt9 

•  ((orlK-r,  FonI E 

•  darilea  Plala.Wlille'e  ..NW 

Jilardpii  Prairlp.  lioon*. . . ,  N 
<J«r.lner    Wruihlr N 

•  ',.(». (■!«■'*  /'.I.*,  <.wk.,NK 
(iirirapiiint,  WabAib HR 

•  (iarllrld,   U  Ralln N 

f/ur/fr/.l  /'(ir*.  (  .Aik NK 

llarlaiul.  Fdgar K 

•  ilarrplt,l><>u|iaa K 

•  r;iiMt('(«,  Halu.  cUlr.. 

0'Jitrv,  Cook 

r/rirv,  lMi«  tjetiimiv).., 

f;,Nrll/«,  JirkMiii 

0<Jiill.>it,  tMuitaiiOB.. 

•  i/'fwgi^f,  Will 

•  Oaya,  Mnulirie 

•  '/<f.  WBjne 

•tlriifMHi  llptiry 

•  f/«ri*t,  AlniiPttato 

•  (Iftnrva,  Knue 

0tlfnt>-i  s<rii<k,  Kbm;.... 

•  Upiki^  DrKalb 

•  dporxriown,  VeriulUoB. 

•  HfrlDw.Warrpii 

•  f;<fiii>iH  Friih-i*,  ».an|'n. 

•  Ucriiianii<wn,4  Itauin  ... 
(irriiiaul'ifn,  \rntilll«n  ... 
iJfrtttan  foirn,  WiMHiford,, 

•  (Mnnan  VbIIpt,  HIepli'uN 

•  dlbaou  car,  l^inl 

•  UlffiTd,  I  hanipBlgo 

U  t  la,  Jupnr. t 

•  Ullbcri'a  Kaue 

0mm>dt,  HruwD 

OllthriJii,  Mi-rcer N 

(illcad.  ('alboun 

•<>  lll>-»iile,  Macoupin ...... 

%m\utu.  Will N 

•  (illlnm,  Mi-Uan 8 

•  iilliiian,  Iruiiuole 

(lllmL-r.  Lake > 

m(f'i!'f»-r.  Emngbain 

•  (iiltoii,  Knoi 

•  irirnrd,  Macoupin 

9(.iifi,.  Look h 

•  It  li'l  tlone,  lleitdonoQ . . . . 

Uluftord,  PfurlB 

laaKow.  HfotI 

,jr;rrn'(Al,  Jackaun 

•  OlrBarm.aaugamun 

GiKnburn.  VerTDllloa 

•  <i|en  Carbon,  MadlaoD ... 

•  r.  li'iirDP,  Cook ' 

(ll.n.blr.Pope 

•  (ileii  Kilvn.  DuPaKe.. 
«(ilrt>»o<v,l,  Couk 

•  f.Jf.6*-.  Cook 

SOodrrPT,  Uadlauo.... 
adieu,  Wn fit: 

tlOTMlvllle,  Cook N K 

(InlcniiaA,  Pope 8 

tJ,il''<iti,f  I  Ittitnd,  Popp  H 

•  Oi'idi'ii.  Adania W 

Dulilcn  Kaule,  Calhoun W 

•UohlentJBle.  Wayue 8K 

•  tjoo-lfuow.  Will N K 

•  Ooudrirld,  Woodford. C 

•  Oood  Hope,  UcDunougti  .  W 
Ooodlim'aUrore.  Will SK 

•  Oo<Kltk-b.  Kankakee K 

•  Go<Hlwliie,  Iniquola F, 

(Joooe  Uland.  Aleiaiuler 8 

froixe  liUin-i,  Cook KB 

•Uonlou,  Crawford bE 

Uorevtlle,  Johuun S 

•  Gotten.  White SK 

Gower,  DuPage , 
Oriir/ /fi'irf.  Cook.. 


mnt**it-t -fi'lu-H.  Mariiu  4 
•Ur»PHup,  I  MmbprUii'l  .R 
iOrfriua  H'll  (  uiii><erla'itlR 
Orten«ale,  J'llWMMa         KW 

•  Or'><>N  Vallrr.  Tati-wrll    .  V. 

■atapiif ivw,  alpiiBrd <' 

Orv*n»lll#.  H<>n>l  .  • 

J'T.'.Hii-f*,  KankBkr*  ..  .¥. 
rMM-<M<l.  MLllanr;  M 

•  '■i'(/tf»  JiaPaire  NR 

ari'tiiaiii.  Ft«nhllH * 

•  Gtrihi.  pKl'aHP  ..       .     NR 

•  drldlrv,  M.  I«8ii  ...  HW 
Grill...  Mrr.'f NW 

:ur.m  /.I.  '  Itrk 
lUriiKaoili'.  Plki- 

'ifll/tff'll"  /.'''if.lH 

Grliiii>-ll,  Maiaar 


'""nr;; 


!«)>. 


iipo  Wiipulf),. 


mfJrU.r.>iU  I'll' f. HI. 
Zr;rr»...(.  KinhokM 
f}r»M,hili,  C<«)k  .... 


Ni.cialrtW 


J«ft.r«,  T-''«tll C 
r-.foClly.t  htlaiian V 

•  l)MVplBlMl,YB(»1lrpli,. ....(; 
tlmvpr,  Fiimr , K 

:  thttt rr-$S'»n.>H,  HarrBH  N 
nriil>l>,.la(li*nn R 

Out{f-i'i.  .Ill  |i«tlru  ...     NW 

•  diirorr,  1  «k>- NR 

•  •^..rri-V,  I    IM    W 

i//''.'(i»v?  Pike. '.'.".. ■■■■*./,W 

•  iligBiiiiiii.  Maroapiti V, 

•  lUinirai.iM'n,  Fayetl*. .      .H 

•  W.(i/crt«.  (  tM W 

niiin-Ultr,  Uke NR 

»ll.i,i,f,i,llf.  Taieftell...    n 
(i/iNiin'in.  Whileald*...   NW 

•  IlalilanP.Ojilp  ...   N 

llalf  Hay.  Ul<" NK 

llalliH  k,  IV'.fIa, V. 

Jttf'ill*.  p,-.>fl* C 
(.f(«(i^"->i,lM'eGBtBtl«) , 

•  llnlliMIl''.  Ix-Wltt 0 

iTambaryU.  <  alhouu W 

llamrl,  Miii|l*->u n 

•  ManillLon.  Ilincoek  ....  W 
llamlet,  Mcrrrr  , 


.  NW 


.jBnitnork,  Hamili<in 8 

•HBiniitond,  Plati (; 

i//ammniol^wur  .  took.  NK 
•llBinpahirp,  Kaufl N 

•  //diNiiloii.WIII NK 

it/amploH,  Mniilirif V 

Jtllampion.  It<xk  l>I«iid  NW 
^llnp^.n.VM  .(»*■<•  luinn). ... 
//-(n(im..n,  Whltrai.|#..,,NW 

ltiinnnk.  (tfo  (  arthaget 

ll*[idy.Cra»f«rti;. MR 

•  llatinal  Ity.  Pmrla C 

Tl'ir,.  


•  //.ii 


«1 


NR 
.NB 

.NK 


NK 


Una.  lAke NK 

•  n  rafou,  Jeraey B  W 

r;i,iMii<'A.i(n,  PuUakI s 

•  a  rand  CToaalng.  Cook  , .  N  B 

G rand  Detour,  Ogle S 

•Grnntl  Ridge,  LaBalle  .,.,N 

•  Utaud  Tower.  Jackaon....S 
urand  View.  Edgar B 

•  rA-a)i0a//ir(,J'Bck*on 8 

•  Granger,  Du  Pace NB 

•lA-uril,  kankakce B 

Grant.  WlUlamaon 8 

Oraulfork.  Madlano C 

•  Grant  Park,  KankBkeB...B 
•Grautthurgh,  Johnaoo  ....8 

Oram  H'orlU,C<«k NB 

UfBavlllc,  Putnam N 

•MfQpit Creek,  VennUlon  ..K 

UraaalJike,  Uica NR 

Vniti  l.-tif.  MrHennf N 

•  GraM  Liiid,  KalntClalr.  tiVt 

mtinnfl  fit.  Aleiander 8 

%f}rartt  I'll  SUllvff,  DeWlttU 
%'Jrtiulund,  Cook NB 

•  Grayinont,  LivlngBton C 

•  Gray's  Uke.Uike NR 

•Grayvllle,  Wtilte SB 

iarayniuJune..  EdwardaSB 
fMjy  II'iHnw.  (»eo  Waaco)..,. 

Oretrnbuah,  Warren W 

%Ortentlnlf.  Marlon ^ 

•OreenOeld,  Orepne^ W 

Green  Garden.  Will.  .*..., NB 

QreeiiOiik,  Biima N 

ftrvca  Itlver,  Henr7 NW 


..SW 


...,0 


ItDiTllle,  Vermllioa , , 


I.W^ 


& 


A 


NW 

tialnl Clair..  .8W 
'7..  (»..»,. loUa'aNW 

J'>//r"'*"N.M,.ll7 i: 
lm<v  li.-UoT.  Jiork  lai'dNW 
?i IIi»i>PV>\ttf.  Greeno W 
lardlti, Calhoun W 

Ilardtl1avl^)^  Crawfurtt  ....8B 
IUrker't(<irn8rB,reorw...  c 
//.irl/ri,C(M»k.j NK 

•  Harlem,  Winnebign N 

•  Harmon,  l^-e  ..     N 

//()rm0nv.  BalnK'laIr 8W 

Ilarniony,  Mrllenrj N 

•  Harixr.Oale M 

fliin>frtUt';  (M-B  Ptah  ilook) . 

•  HarpaUi-,  Ford R 

J»//pi<-ri*,  Plait W 
hirrithiirj.  (w-e  Itna«  Htll)  . . 

•  flarrlahurvh.BjIlDo. . .  .8 

%li,ii-Hmn.  Jiu'kMin 8 

lliirrlfin.  Wumetiago N 

)la^T1ll'l.^l:t•■,  MunnK)... 

•  IlarrUtown.  Maiou... 

//.irf,  Kmn 

liar'i'.rd,  Halinn 

•  llaitland.Mvllenry... 

•  Ilartfbunrh.  Loftn..., 
Unnavllli-,  I'.ipe » 

•  Harv;.,il.  MrHennr N 

•  //.)ri..iil  ./.<i>p-..kfcH'nrr  N 

•  Harvtl.  M.iiiig'unery U 

•  Harvey,  tm.k NB 

•  //fimomf,  CbainpBlgn  ....K 

IMaelwfMMt,  Adam* W 

UntUngt.  Calhoun vt 

Huniiniit,  (aeaChlcogu) 

llavllitRii,  Vrrniltlon K 

llalt'iii.  Clark ...K 

•  llHVnna.  Maaon NW 

•  lUv.i.i(k.(<-ok..... 

lUwlrv.  Ui-hry 

%lt,vi!'v.  Ta^i-well... 

•  Ila'vahorn.  Wlill« »k 

•  //■tirihomf,  i'ook, SK 

tl-i.rrille,  I  roquolB K 

•  Ilayc4,  Iiougla' K 

•  HtinforiL  Coo k KB 

•  llayiiffl.  Jeraey BW 

•  Harel  Pell,  Cumb«rl4nd  .  R 

SllBielhunil,  Carroll NW 
aim.  Adaini w 

Iltiiitil.  Horklitand 

•  Henley.  lJiiln|t*lon  ,. 
Il-nntvllle,  Crawford  . 

•  tlebriin.  Mellcnry  ... 
Iteek.T,  M'liuoc 

•  IleBp-wlM-h.  Cook r. 

Hellitburrfli.  F.ii""o 

•  HeiiderM.ii.  Kno« l 

•  Menilerwin  FUtlon.  Ford. . 

•  IteudrlT.  MrUan 8' 

ll*>nnfrlii,  I'litnam 

•  MennliiK,  Vennillon 

•  //eHrt'»-i.  IJfKalh 

•  Henry,  Maraball 

llenb'U.Bhelbjr 

Herald,  IMilte S 

•  Herbert.  Ilnone 

•  Heiborn,  Bhclby 

•  Hennnn,  kiiov 

•  lienniiaa,  Cuok N 

Herod  ijprlnga.l'o  pa 

Ilrron.  IlHiiillUin 

•  Hrrrlrk,  bhelhy.. 
llarrHraPralrlr.  WllllBmaonM 

•  Ilprtrher.  Kankakee K 

•  Iler'mau,  Hruwn W 

UertfvVUy.  (aeeOuilen) 

•  HeUIck,  MaconplB C 

•  Heyworth, McLean. ...  .SW 

•  Hickman,  Iroquola R 

Hlrk')ry.  Uke NB 

•  m'lori/f.rore,  larrull  NW 

Hickory  Hill,  Marlon B 

Hickory  Ut'lRe.  Hancock  . .  W 
Hli-ka.  tiardlu SK 

•  HldalRo.  Jaaper.. 


NW 


..NW 


.,8W 


c 


SB 


Ill 


I'n-'' 


'l'< 


M 


MAP   INDEX  OF  ILLINOIS. 


llllRtilaiKl,  M*lll*nR  ... 
illtftiuuil  fnik  Uh* 
i//l|fA<i|n>f«,   UmI'M*' 

i//it/«  fuitrtf.  H  (  Ulr 

mt\  .«» lift,  •■•Kill  Ulr 


Hiait"""'',  tor 

nniMrt'ih.  k<l 
III,  rnir-at. 


J 

nni-tv,  \  I  r<i.lli<.ii K 

,i(|..fY,T«.r*rU.... r 

lllllaLtrfMiJili,  Moi.u'iC 
ll>ll'<hl»  lt>r(l  llUn<l,,>IW 
III  lOmir,   nil  thllHIUlh  ..W 

illalilo.  I  .">h        MR 

illll-t,  T><>»rll 1) 


•  Kalb 

II..   I>.>II||M. 
'I'««» 


feH»l<-..iiil>.  Otfif. 
ill.'I'lT.  M>  rrll 


HtM**i.  <.-<  OraniPirll) .. 

jr. 

IliiUiiwajvUlc,  hurrau 

//Al/y,  (ar^*  Inrr. 

IflifaMM,  jDhlKKrII 

//ottialn,  Karir  ,     

fH..lt«.VrrrT      

|//..mJVrrT 


laniratm  . 


•  11-1 

•  It.T 

•  Hoiii-T  HfihI,  Miiul|piinflr|(' 
Mi.iirrrnfh.dKl.. N 

•  MixHhillf.llaDillbm H 

il|<"<k,  Jrffprw'i) H 

#M<-<it.tiil',  lti>iiil N 

~"  ■        •  rrinllhin. .       " 


il.-.piv.lf.  Ml  I 


NW 


NW 


r  I'nirlr,  (  lajr,. 

Mora,  Vrntilltoii 

tliipritalo.TatrWPll., 
Hopklni.  Wl.iiral.k 

•  tlnnhtiiaPatk.  Kaiihakfi  .. 
flnplKi'aHllla,  ilrn>li>rkin    W 

SM.,r*<-c,  Kdgar K 
tinl.Clay « 

•  ll'iinabr,  M«<-<iuplD (' 

ifloritCrtfk,  >VlU NK 

fforaa  /Vfifrl*.  tUn<l«t|<h  RW 
mH»rH.Sh»tlAtkt,  Madlmon 
ill.'rti'nNUUiiti.  rtbf...  W 
SHc>i*|..n.  Itaixlnlph 8W 

•  Hiiwanl,  ('haiii|i«lBn K 

flnwardavlllcHtrphoiifiM  NW 

•  //.•ita,  ]><>iitilaa K 

•  Mi>rlrt«it,  \Va»h1nKti>D  ...  H 
mt/uhtfiritt.Vk»jit« UK 

•  lln()Mii).  Mrl.<ali HW 

•  Hurf.  riiiiir.n H 

i  Huakti.  l><>iiiilM< r. 

lluiKra.  V<\nt K 

\:via't.  Donflaa K 

tlhill,  Flkr 
MuiiiN'<lltl>ark.aHik.. 

•  IliiinnoIl.Ciika.. 
■  Iluiitf,  t:iUa''  ... 
fliM'tO.  WhltP.l'Ir..    .        . 

fflfumnrk.  Vrriiilllun.,. 
uiitpr  llimnr 

•  Hinillpy.  MrtlriirT., 

Sllinitatliv.  Jwf«r.. 
uoutlllc,  MrhurUr... 
iHwricanrQtvia:. 
urricanf,t*jvKt*., 


.  NK 


KW 


irk.('>K 


fti/HMiihiit,  Tawwfll  . 
Xuii«t|..ii  vwf.  uaiuun 


•jHnrUon.  rtk«.. 
uii«t|>.ii  vwi.  UalUUn 

r  ( albut 

rRaiiv.Urwut IT 
an^vHli',  KaiiM , N 

fKai>«|rr,  l«^alla N 

iKaixa*.  \'\nf R 

i K«i>|>M.  u<iMlfi>nl 

iiarlx-r  ■  lli'ltfa.  Hanlin.. 
•  KaalMi  r.  l<iin>«H... 

A'lia'P,  IJn-rna  ..,,... , 

Kaakiikla.  Ilandi'lpll i 


It,  llnl 


.  M.illai.ii  , 


■rn.i.i.rKh.  V 
tvill-,  Wa)ii. 


kKrltl»huritli.  Man-rr      NW 

IA'»///r.  fwirla r 

(i-KiTUIIt-,  Ailaiiia W 

iA-*..,.,/.  Mur.ii NW 

I  A' "Ml'.  l><i>tiiUa 
f.  Jimpi 


•If.  Ji'mr*. 


■  A'lNlll' 

Kriiilall,  Kendall  , 

•  Kfnll>i<rt)<.  I.M. 
#A"i»*r»,  <  U», 


.«    i. 


,  |J«l'aat»nlI 


NK 


«K>ii.iiui..i>.('...H 

•  krt.l.h'.[.M.|l...n 

•  A-.«.r f.<iM.k       NK 

A'/"i<>*./ii'«-.,ian<iUuld«B>.. 

•  Kiriinii,  UHallr H 

hmhiiw  .V*  .  Munan  . . . .  W 

JKi'waiifp.  Urnry NW 
lljl.U,  rra«f..»il SR 

KlrkaWKi.  I'lH    ' 
KM'I.Moi 


Kl.lliT.  KilOTf 

•  KIlfHxini,  Mwon  .. 

•  Kti.ilrrli.x.k   Ftka.. 
mKii.Irr,  MwllHin.,, 

!KliiKiiian.Nli«lhy  ., 
Klim'a.  Ouir 


iJ 


Mlnra,  VmitUi  . 


Kluvtti 

A-iitfW        ^  

•  KiiitiiiiiiJy,  Marlnn. 
#Klii>itiaii,  (Iruuilir  , 
«Klrtilai.<<.  lirKalb 

Jh'Ukf.  K'-nl 
Kirl.»i»Mt.  Warran 

•  Af(nf(«.|.i-.k 

Klal>'*ai(kri>,  WLinatwcD.. 

•  Mtlrtitiif.  <  arrall 

•  Kniiihu,  Ma*  uti 

•  /     'r,/.  KlIHI 

•  KiKiiOUi',  Kuui 


l!i.l 


liH>k.. 


,,NR 


•  Hyiii   - 

•  /■-«  rVii'-<t  Spur  8'nffiu'o.  O 

rifaJ.CMft.ll NW 

liliDwUd.  Aieiaiidar H 

%ldtMHd,it9tTma H 

Idlpwood,  JH!f>ranD S 

•  Iti'*  Jur.-i1i)n.  HanffsiooA.  U 

ftlliuna,  VAg%T R 
lltij..lat  llv,I^K-k  lalanil.NW 

•  /jriMoK  Vi(lliin<(.  Haruii..fl 

•  Iiiiopoli*,  har.Kamou C 

r\lmht.VUV\a.\T RW 
nitrprndtnct,  \*M>  lltUAvld) 

•  liidlanuU,  Vcrnilllon  ....  R 

^i((Mlrv,  *■«>»( NK 

Induatnr,  MeDonoiiKti W 

.  •[ngalfoD.Dtil'ain NK 

luarahaui,  CUT M 

/itm'in.UallaUn ...HK 

«U'la.Clay H 

Toniii,  Warron W 

#/c)iM</il'i<'lln".  Ilrnila'a.  W 

•  ;iiir(i./unrltnfi,  TcirlK  ..V, 

•  IpttTa,  FulOD W 

•  Inno,  Dooue N 

Iron,  W'hlle BK 

•  /ronifailf.  Cook NK 

•  Iroquois,  Iroqunla ,  —  R 

•  Irniitf.  MoDttfoniery (' 

•  I  rvi hit  Tark,  c:<M>k N R 

•  Inlnali.ti.  WaiihlnRU)il....S 

•  Irwtii,  Kaiikakro R 

•  lubfl,  K<l«ar K 

filanit,  U^renrc NK 

•  /iJ(iri(l"n>rr.  Haii|«mnii.,C 

•  lUufLlluPaiR! NR 

•  luka,  MarloD 0 

Ivaohop,  Ukp NK 

fMrradalf.Champatim K 
ry  LAuainit.  Monroe...... HW 

3»jM'kM>iiTllle.Mornn  W 
\J<\fk*anrUleJunc.M^-a  Vf 
aktpa,  Untne W 

JatnHtowD,  CIlntoD H 

•  JanMTlIk,  Col(4 R 

JiJefleraon.Cook VK 
ifftnon  Corner,  Whltea>N  W 

•  JcffrriM'tivlllp,  Wayup...  8B 
Jertty  hiii<llng.  (aceKlaah).. 

•  Jpnit<yvlirt>,.li>rarr...«W 

JlJrwi-t(,  CiimberlM'il R 
ortl*,  lUnrock W 

Jotianalibunth,  Waahlofton .  ;< 

Johnilmnth,  Mrll^nrr N 

JohQtonrlllr.  Warne RK 

JlJohnitonf  Cfiifk NK 
uhnitown.  Ciitnh«rlani| ...   K 

•  .h>i.ii-;t.  Win nr 

•  JiinrNhnrouBh,  Union. 8 
^J'mrariiif.  WtnnchagH. .  .N 

J,)p[»a,  MniUMif BW 

Jnriinn,  (nee  llnril) 

Jordanvlll'.  Montui V.' 

•  JiMllu-Rock  laUnd NW 

•Joy.McTcar MW 

JiiblW.  Peoria C 

•  Jufld,  r«ik NB 

•  Julpa.  Cata W 

•/unction,  Hacoa S 


mKoUff,  KankakM 

Kraiiiin.  I't  >rta 

•  Kiiiiilpr,   Mrt^an 

#K(l.'ltl«fr.  «)lla 

Uci-.  IiiiPaBf 

|«(  lAtr.    DcKalb 

•  U(  Inlf,  KajrrltA 

•  I.nnnn.  Manhall 

I  •I.Ai  ri'Mr.  llannick  .... 

I  #/..r.(„r.,l)Ul'af. 

•  Uil.l.  Ili.rran 

•  U  Ka)iiT(t,HUik 

•  Ut..i.  KaiiK 

•  Urirai.Kf.  <'<H)k 

/>i  t/fing*,  Hrown 

m\A  ]|ar|..',  Hanrurk 

•  UHi>Kiir.  lr<H|Uo|a  .... 

•  /..itr.  ttaliilCklr 

•  Uka   llluff,  Ukf> 

•  lAkfl  t  l(r,  Muii1ir1«.,.. 
UkeCrti-k.  Wllllamaou-. 

•  I jtko  ('■.rrat,  L«k» 

•  tjikn  K'Tk,  Uiiran 

#ljk<-«l.l«,C.M.k 

Uke  Vltw  C.«.k 

•  Uke  Villa,  Ukc 

•  ijtki'wiKHl,  Nhrlhv... 

•  Ukt!  7.11  rich,  Uka..., 
Umh,  Hardin 

•  l.^molllp,  Iliirpan 

•  UDark.i'arroll 

lAni-aaipr,  Waliaah 

•  Unrutfrvlllp,  Uk«. 
Lau'lra,  <  rawfuri) 

•  Um-.npWHt 

•  UDcavllk,  BaufBinuo.. 
U>iUii>*.  Cook 

•  Ia  i'Ure,  Flail <j 

•  Ut  I'nlnp,  AdAina W 

U  rrtlrlo  Cenlr*,  Mankall.  G 
(lUrrhland,  Warwn W 

•  U  Ibiae,  Marahalt V 

•  UKallr,  URalle N 

•  I.Alhani,  lj<«an U 

•  l^lhdft,  W'nuebaao N 

Lat'itia,  Jwppr 81 

L«ur.  JrffcraoD B 

lAura,  i'(^rlt .0 

•  />iuni,  I'eona 0 

•  />iti»tM,  MrLran 8W 

0lA  trtne.  Cook NR 

•  />I>f^n■.  (talUUn 8E 

•  Uwndate,  l/icaa a 

Uwn  RIdRr,  Manhall C 

#Uwrcn<e.  UcllPnr* N 

•  l.,itwrt>nc«vlll»,  L'nc«NR 
9 LiiwrtnrtrUU  Junr.,  Liwr'fl 

NK 


•  lipaiKlvrr,  ()Rlfl N 

•  Lraman,  FnlUin W 

UaiDtnKUio,  OaUaUn 6R 

•  Ijcaaure,  I>ouf1aa R 

•  Lebanon.  Kt.  I'lalr SW 

mUtftnon  Cilv,  St.  Clair  .8W 

•  UiUr.  hanitamoD C 

•  /.^^'■"■.l.Waltae B 

•  Ltp,  liiKalb N 

I  U-ndiiln-.  Ut.... .,N 

I  mlff.u.  lAtialle N 

T^«-biinih,  Fulton. W 

l«;al,  t^tt-phrnaou 

•  l4-ltht'«t,  Ukf> 

•  lylaiKl.  lAl^nllf 

(mi, St,  Clair,. 


...NK 

.....0 


:::mk 


..NW 


•  !■•■ 


•M.k.. 


.  NR 


•  Una,  HiPphrnauu NW 

Lent,  Btl  Inir ~ 

•  I^riiil.iirfin,  SLCIuIr  .. 
Leon.  Whlu-ald* 

•  l>pi.nore,  l^artalte 

I^o  It'>rk,  .Tackaon 

L'Krnble,  Inxiuwla 

•  I^rnn,  Ciilra 

•  I«  Iliij.  McLwui , 

mtftit,  Tai«well 

Ltatcr,  UarluD 


vnil,      iiwiv.      rur. 


l.iyMl  il»<.«-.(Mta M 

Zuir  l.>kf,  Kaaa .M 

Hma.  .\.iai>.«  W 

lliiirrlik    lluriau   N 


III ^ii.l'V"        > 

ijiioiii  uri'Fii,  .li.hiiaiiii. 
U'l."!-*  /■.».»,  CtNik    ,... 

•  iJiKUnl'atk.tooh.. 
iL<»<l->.»<KMl,tigl».. 
riiiii,  V^■lwall., 

•  IJiiti.rr,  I'latl 

to."""'    - 


,".'.« 


..lit  X 

..,N      m 
.NR       n 


•  IJIrrlH-rrr,  MiTori  . 

•  iJiiiit  hilian,  I  MM,  ,,. 
riiil"  H'l  k,  KrniUll  ... 
IJIIIrl.iii    Mrbiijlrf    

•  Ultki  Vi.ik,  Vtarrpii  ... 
iJvrlyOn.M-,  M'achlOtfti.n 

IJ»rn».-l,   rulion 

^uAtattoH.  Knot  

~  l.i0U^Ul/H  f'lirA,  Ciatk. . 

b<ainl,  Haiimmi)n  , ,. 

\/x  •■)  villi-,  n.ifr4'i.,,, 

I^^kfii;  V-nnllloB,,, 

#/»*  //.if-<.i,.|pfao«,,. 

•  ^•rkiNirt,  Wi     

'^.*■llil^r.>^^  rraiiklln 

•  l>  ila,  IriHiiioU. 

•  l/xtrii.ia.  Vlvtutalua. 

•  U..lir.  I'Un 

n-tln*.  Itix'k  lalaad,... 
IjWuii.  K-lKir 

ip..rt,  ir«mil"'n 


it 


J 


Mw 


•  riMliat,   llrmi 


Jrfli'r 


•  |j>ml>ar<l,  Kitl'tM- 

•  UniilMnhiik,  hlai 

Sh.iKl.m  Milt'>.fi..(on W 

O'litf  Trpp,  Miirrau.   .   .,   ,.   N 
limg  llnnrl.,  0all.li> H 

•  b.itHCrt^k,  Mari.u H 

nniirnn.tff,  Uk« NR 

li.ngUk*.  M    "-1 C 

h.,.^  hikf.  U'    ,..NR 

•  ■.otiiilVilnl,  l4vlimM<in....U 
Un  I  I'ralrlti,  Warnx...  ...HR 

•  liitiioK'w  ()ia.npal|ii..,.R 

P«.K.«.lrtt.  Fn)iitlf> 


mil 


>,  Cu 


Xtttn  I^kr,  \a\- 

RUtnii"   Adai.  i..... 
■rai'  B"  ptruaon 

•  Ij.rii.il>,  Will 

I.  UhollF..., 


NR 
,.NK 


(I'll  I 


•  1.4 


..iiU>lilf. -^ 
r.U.  W..,.iri)r<l. 


ij  ... 


..« 


M 


J.O.I-I.I  lair 

•  )>ivlnvl4.n,Mr>ulinc.. 

•  Niwilrr,  Hanminoi) ,. 

l/i*f]|.  1.4  Halle 

Uwt-r  linia,  llaii)tlli.n 

•  iMirrr  I'tiiria.  I'eorta .G 

JlU.wroli.t.  Woodford. ...0 
/iMTi/,  <'o<ik NK 

SU*a,C<.Ira R 
.jd,  Mcnartl « 

•  IaMow,  cbamiwlin K 

fn.k,  I'l'iM' B 

•  l.ri><<»n,  Wbltf alda NW 

•  L)nn(>iilrp,  ll«nrT..,.NW 

l.riinville,  MiirRan W 

Ijfona.  C<H.k NR 

UU.-vllle,  McUan 8W 

•  Jf  f-Mifrru.C.wk NR 

•  Jr.(iifi,lUi..Mk W 

mMiri.tru,  ijuumtun C 

0.il<riurf,  Ali-iandar R 

•  Mil  luaky   Jrrwr BW 

tMii'Jiiuell,  Kt<>(ihenaon,NW 
,ro<,k.v.tMik MR 

MrOtniilck,  Top* R 

tMcllowe)),  UvlDcatuk  ...,n 
eftittt-t,  Jrnry BW 

UrlUnrr,  Mcll«nr7 K 

tMcfttnty,  Mrllenrr N 
fKt*,CMi  KpllenriUa) 

MrKeen, Clark R 

MrhUnilrgi'  r<n.KankakMK 
^Mrl^ntt,  Crawford ItH 

•  M(-I.ran.  Mcl^aD BW 

•  MrUitn$h»roitttlt  Jumctton, 

llamllUin i 

•  MrreMtiiboroMBh, 

HaTnllton  ■' 

MrNoi-t,  Maaa 

•  Mrl'hera'.n.Culaa ;.BW 

UrQuppn,  Kanv R 


•  MaahBtun,Wlil,. 

•  Manheltn.Cook.. 

•  Maoltu,  Maaun 

•  HanU.  MadlacD 

Manl«r.  ruliua... 

ManlluB,  Dureau 

HaBDoR,  MeiTPr 

•  Manaflpld.  PiatI 

•  MaDl«no,  Kankakee... 

•  Mbb«IU»,  IJ*lDC*hiu.. 
Mania  OruT«.  Kd varda. . 

•  MapU  (trore,  Itond  . . . 

•  Uaple  Park,  Kane 

UauIti-aUlU,  Pultoo 

•  Mapletun,  Peoria 

•  Mapkiwood.  Cook 

Maauoii,Kni>i 

•  Marble  Head.  Aduna., 

MarbletowQ,  Fulton 

Marcelllni!.  Adama...... 

mMurciu,  farnill 

•  UartuRQ,  McHcuqr... 


•A 


A 


NryO 


kuf.  (aeaHcatoBrtUaTTT.? 
Mare'lonta,  Hamilton.. 
if-trkrv,  Logan c 

•  Macklnav.Tatewell 0 

t*,i.i(.i.»i.-  /vin,Wdiord.o 
arkrl-.lf.  Piatt 0 

•  Macomb.  Mrl>uiMM|k.  W 

•  Macon,  MacoD R 

•  Uaroupin,  Mariapli] c 

Hadlaon,  Madlaon C 

•  MadlaonNtreet.  C^,.,NR 
Hadunnarllle,  Hunrua  ....MW 
Mambtwu,  MutiriM sW 

•  maffHtt,  Culea R 

MacnullK,  Putnam N 

SMabomet  Champalin K 
a(»ie«i«,Cook NR 

•  Makanda,  Jarkaua a 

•  Maldeu.  Bure,au N 

Mallard,  llanruck W 

«M»lt»,  I>eKa)b H 
alvem,  WhltMlda NW 

•  Hanchratcr,  Beott w 

MandelUCook NR 

MaabBtun,Wlil,. 


If     t.«i 

X 

i, 

M 
X 


..NR 
.NW 


•UCBTf.        IMBIl.      raft  I  tow* 


bMai.M.  rliiiii  <  lalt 

|iUrk1.*iii    MxrM*'' 

I  V  nifv,  V'ittt 

|M.r)<),  Hill         .      . 
■w,  J.  ITirauN   ,. 


i8 
ft 


bM.ft.w    J. 


•  HMrahiiJI.tiAik R 

i  tf.>..A.>/lJ.,,„ituH.(  lark  K 
iUaril>«ll'a»rrri,Wbll'apnK 
iElar*l«M,  U>n*t NW 

S  Manila,  Plan (' 
arlliut.urin.  piba W 

MarUit'aKii.rK,  Hai.tllbiu. . 

•  UartJnaviiie.l  lark... 

•  MarUNtun,  inxiitula.. 


hManUi.i|,< 


ill.«>.iiiHtk»i*lnttlalT.  BW 
U4»>ii,  l-fflniiliam  . , 
\t*<-.ti  ClU,  M*»m  , 
a«»»')lr.fV,  kU-MW 
Ma»lM<h,  J.)1.a>i.M. 
Macicra,  Kn 


HIV 
NW 


f  V.tf'i>...i«,  Huoii... 

»* 

H.(tl.,<ii,  ('fHih 

KJ 

M.lKl,  W.t,Mh 

IK 

M.i^.,-11,  l-i^.n. 

...(J 

MiiwrM,  R.i.K,tuwa.. 

...); 

•  ll.lf.l.,  (■.„»., 

U....1I1.,  I'll, 

RH 

■J 

»«.,., ...1.1, .,.'*.   . 

.1... 


IMlf.,. 


MarliJD  , 
-      ■;,  Ct 
•  Mllfur.1,  lr>H,uuU. 


Mi'r;, 


rHolon.. 


Itaitua  >V>*>,'Vir"iiiiifci«  ■  .R 
VarNMRMB 


mlttirttiL  Ma<ll 

MllrlH'Ua>JIU>.Kalliw  ... 
UllrhW.  M«t>r<M> 

•  if  oaiVMiiii,  btielkr . . . 

•  UwcMfn.RSaikan. 

•  Mf^Bbelbv 

Hodea«,BUrk 

SMou«a«n,  MamaBUi . . 
Odoc,  Randolph  .VT... 

•  JTu/flUj,  Peoria 

•  MoSeiULWill. 

•  Hollne,  Kuik  laUnd. 

•  Uonienm,  Kankake* K 

iHofHtnrtJuin:,  Ran'kee  K 

•  Monarch.  Hcl/'an HW 

•  Hone«,  Will KK 

Money  Creek.  MrLe«u  , . , 

•  Moolcjt,  Peoria..,.,   ... 

•  Muniunuth,  Warren 


»  Mom 


.  Coka  . . 


f.<>Kl«.. 


MR 


Sv."-tf  r.t'k  r«f,k 
<iii>inilii\.  Rroaa 
t%lurrla,  Uniii.U 
.'  .ai,iy.  uhiV. 

•  Mitrrtaan,  Hblto.i 
i\l.rii*.i.>'lii>.(b(i.' 
%l<irr.*l.>i*ki.  Urun 

{M'"« '.  M»ar 
.'•< *r#  kl..n..M  . 

•  kl>.r TaifKtil 


BM....r<uln(>l<-B,  I 


NK 


Mfa.l,  Wiliu.„*,n  .... 

JIMixli.Hi,  Mi-Uau BW 
l>-<'tiaiil>>l.iirri.  Hanvaiiion.  I' 
Mr.lla,  llrndi  >H..i         ..    ,      W 

•  J/'i/M.Vi.i||<"i.lleiiderwiuW 

•  Medora,  Mai  •niplii (I 

•  .Vf«.(rtv,MrIifau BW 

Mrlroa*,  Clark R 

SJTeJr-W,  C.-,k NK 
•Ullle,  Maditon C 

•  HeUln.Kord K 

iJr«l«eoorf,R.lMr K 

Menard,  lUnd.ilph BW 

{Mem'.n,  A>U..ia  W 
Mrn(|..|«,  Ijihrtllr N 

•  *".«-I.Ta»iwrll tl 

iMetiomtnee,  I..  Itafleaa  NW 
aiipaii,  <alh«iit< W 

•  Meretliwla,  Moryan W 

•  Merhlen.  UHalle N 

•  Merna,  k.rl.ran BW 

•  Merrlani.  Waxiie hK 

Merrlmau  Pi.tiil,  Mounte.  .HW 

II,  He. 
,  ~imiir.„  ..- 

_       ttair,  pjlytr 

UrU'ft,  Hnmn W 

•  H •triipalla  C'lty,  Uawan 

Middle  Creek,  flaiiroek  . . . .  W 

•  MlddlaOnne,  Fullon....W 

•  MlddlaPulnt.  While NR 

•  Ulddleaworlh,  bUtibj C 

StUMUlon.  (•»«  ijtng  Pralrte) 

UHilleiMwn,  Lmsn .C 

mMliiland,  Kilfar R 

•  Midland  Cit*.  IX) Wilt C 

OMIdway,  Hditar R 

Ml«r,  (apA  l.an>aal«r} 

•  Miiin,  Rork  UUnil NW 

•  M  .<ia>  Hralli.n,  Macouuln.  .C 

•  J/ /a  TAlrlv  rwo,  Uuhin.B 


NW 


:itw 


•  Mllianl  A<    

•  Mllllirttf,  Jo  l>a«h'«a, 

•  Mlllhnwk,  Rendall.. 
Mil'   urn.Ukp 

•  MlilCreek,  CntoB... 

tMllledcevlIle,  t  arruU 
liiw.rord ■ 

JUUttrt,  Madl*»ii V. 
UJMa'wr'ir.iapa  Baden  lUdeB) 
SHIlkrahurBh.  Mereer  . .  M  W 
MUl>raville.  rkriauu  .  C 
llUken,  MaUT'irk W 

•  HIlltngton.Keiidail N 

•  MlllMlal'.  Will NR 

8  Mill  l^h.'al*.  Whtu.  .  ■■ 
Ilia'  Ptalrl.*.  »:<l«w4«  NR 
IMlll>Ui4l.|taiHi(  tatr  .  BW 
HUittmMJmmr,  MMtwCW 
WNtt*.  iaMl«MWniM4>. 

•  Mihrna^  PMI, A 

HIto.  R«n««...     M 

Him'r.  Hea4»n»    ....      # 


jM    ■       lb 


XE 


'I 


•  MourwaCeutr 
MuunwCltjr,  U. 

•  Mout Clare.  C<Mk NK 

Mont»rer,  Fulton W 

Montciuuia,  Pike W 

•  Mvn  tffomerv,  Colea ■ 

•  MoatipimerT,  Kane N 

•  LluaUovlIn,  PlaU C 

mMontroit.V    ■'.. NR 

•  Montroae,  Pi4ngbam H 

Moonablne,  Clark R 

Huore'a  Prairie,  Jeffewon. .  .8 
More*.  Cr»w(..rd BR 

JMoreland,  Cook Nl 
or(i«rUJa,(ae«c«n1cr'aklUM) 

•  Jf orvan,  MorfiB W 

•  MoraaarBrk.Cook MB 

Monumiu*.  cbrMiu o 

•Horn,  MadkKM. O 


-tiutf. 


^  Mount  Ciirmn,.   i  i  mi 

4ixi.ll  I'.lr     ni.iiii  „|g 

•  MmuiiI  l.rrrt.l.K.l,  HK 

•  1L1..1II.I  l,i<r.i«-d,  l...k  Vtt 
iV-MiI//  /*.Coak  Vt 
ijr»H>i(./.v.  Lvan  r 

•  Mount  UorrIa,  tlvli-  \ 
iMoiiuliilita,  U*ii>iii.it.      I 

•  «(.yiil  '•Uftl,iu»k  SK 
JounI  ■'■laio.e,  Puiikih.  v 
Vl    /'f«.i»M.l,.«eaUmi..iv4, 

•  tfoufil  /■('''ri.iNl,  .14.  Lvim 
i4<i.iitt  PlriMii',  t'htio.  » 

•  «..oi,irr,,..«|   t.HK      sf 

•  M<.>IUl    l'lll4«kl.    T.    ,,',  , 

•  Hoiiiit  virrlhm,'         V 

•  M.Mint  l«<rii..ii.  '    '.     . 


Mixtdr  V<ll  v.Jtck*..!, 

•  MiiU'rrry  Orute,  Hot.i 

•  Mnikrviown,  Franklin 

MuiiAtp'if-r  .(art  Mai-i. 

IMuoairr,  UNalla.. 
M>irtl<*'k,  Ihmvlaa 


•  U*rlle,n)ilB 

Na  uii  .ar.  Ktiidall 

.<l 

•  N«.- rt,  l«-e 

•  Ka.tii-okl.  Madltiitt  , 

•  .Sa(«rMHi-,  IhiPaff 

Mf 

•  NH.Iivllle,  Waaho 

N»tlr.i.«k  ^arda.BLl 

•  l^^W 

•  NaimiM,  MaaoQ 

Naiit<.<..  Ilimiirk 

.  xw 

Nfailioorr,  (  lark 

.,,  r. 

•  .\>W»|/,  Kd»af 

r 

•  NFelrvllli.     Morgwi, 

•  Neko.oa,  Ifenry 

•  MelM.n,  lx« .,. 

.  w 

SW 

•  S'l^illa.  ruii.brrtuii'l 

r. 

•  N.iM„.M-l.    ll.ir-.ii 
Nfllle  Creek,  Itnm.l) 

•  N.-.a<la,   U\n.v*l<.n 

K 

C 

•  Noln^   Kdwr 

•  N.W  AH.ri.»,Batnt(l 

irHW 

•  N.'»  lU.l.ti,   Clli.K.11 

n 

Vrw  H.ilfor<1,  llurruu. 

•  Nrw  ri.'ill.l.    ttaiivaix 

sW 

•  Neiv  lli.ihxt.  MerrT 
,Wu>  //ii^tl.oi.  Ht.  ri>. 

r     sW 

•  New  ll..riiiii>le,  J.il.tii 

•  New  1  .iiit.m.  Pike... 

•  Nr»  <  iXJr,  Kallce,. 

•  ,\>MTA..u^M.«,k 

New  1  lt>,  h,iiit{Hi.ii>n 

I,  Ma> 

•  Nrw  It.' *in,    »'irr~  '< 

•  Niw  |v>igi.,  Miinnx'      - 

•  New  hnuKln^  kladix  ii  , 

•  Nrwetl.    Vrfiii|||,.ii, 

J.V».c,(J.  Vrrmllt.'!. 
ew  UeiiPaee,   Whiteil.l,    ni 

•  New  (inudCbalu,  r.ih.k 

•  N-w  Maiioter    MoUr  .    ^ 
New  llarif.  rd,  ^Ike. 

New  llatfD,  (iailailn  > 

New  H>-t.r.n.   I  rawr.r.i      -^ 

»Krw  ll.,ll.«n.l.  b««ii 
ttrJ,.r.U>n.  Whilralitr     S' 
New  L^lianon,  I>eRalb 

J  New  I..U..I,    Will  ,.         S 
•w  UlM-rlf,  Pope... 
fNawn.aii,   l>o..«laa, 
rwnianaillle,  (  aM 
?Ka«  Ueiiiph)a,''ll><l"" 
Naw  MllA>r<l,  WInnrl'.t,-. 
ew  MtBilrit.  WaahltMrii 
!New  Palr»iine.  Raod'ph  h 
K«w  PhllailrlphIa,   M'lh. 
ough   

•  .VpM^p..,!,   MadlauB 

{Sew  kalem,  Pika 
tifU.m    laM  Aduna),. 

•  N*wl<in,  Jaaprr  ,.,,     ^ 

•  N'rw  Wlii.fiiir,Marctr    N 
Set.  WKalb 

iNiaiiU.-,  Maion 


NllM 

KUr.  a'nnirr,  < 

•  Mlw.i.,.1     Ml 

•  NtoU.   It, 
' ■  Ik, 

.  Rlrbland 

_  Nukfiiiil*.   Mnntcwier)      <■ 

•  Nora.  JoUileaa SW 

•  Noriiiat,  Mi'Ijean -» 

•  Xuriii.il  Junr.  Uclrn,   ■  W 

•  A^(ir»i<W /'iiri.  Cook, ,.   \¥. 

•  .Vurm'fn.  UvlumiDn  ,       C 

•  .Vwf-/..,.,r...r«i,  Will  .      v>: 

•  Norria,    Fi.llon W 

•  NorrlaCHx,  While hE 

North  Alti.u,  Madlaon...  c 
Niirlhait.pliin,  Peoria...       I' 

•  North  Aurora.  Ka..e  .      .> 

•  A'uriA  Ae(/rt/(/.  HI.  I  b  .-w 

•  .VcrtA  Ciitf-o,  Ah'VaiKl.r  H 
Jftrlk  Catro,  j'olaakl  .  s 
North  l>u.t|r>n.  Cook.       Sf, 

•  A'ori*  tH.to»,  !«■.,..       V 

•  A'tM-l*  A'ij(frK<i(er,  C^K'l.  N>. 

•  A'ort*  Artnafoit,  C(.ok  SK 
9  North  UUh  A'ttim,  IW^ 

•  NoKh  lleitderaoB,  M'rr-rNK 
hortli  Northneld,  Cook  NK 
myorih  (Miftao,  Kendall    S 

Kortli  Peoria,  Peoria. , V 

North  PUu^  Kane s 

mf/orth  Hutftand,  Cook  \E 
North  SpHnanrld,  Bang'    i  »: 

NoTtliwiit,  <  ,«.k SK 

Ntirthvtilp,  USalto  M 

J  North  Wagn*.  tl«p|«p  sg 
»rlontW«.WUl sB 


,  lailalU  ... 

.1,   M»re«....... 

„.l  l-ark.  CWt. 

M-afj.' 


Sf,  I.]   HeuanT 

■^        ..I.  tuok.. 


LUtiffltif 

L(>«.  I  r«wfurd  .... 

■■helVr... 

tiii««ion. 


RarniuiiI.IU)).iClaJr 

tkf.  Ititiul.., 
teMrnoB... 

ManiDl'Hi 

Hranrh.  AleiaMtr. 

rer,  \Ant 

jMed.  PulukI 

b«r>  Kxhiaad 

iba.  UallnUB 

L  Rarl'in 

rya,  Iri'(|uiila, 

|u,  l'l''l>l><'iiMig 

|»lila.Kii.>i 

Hii.,K>i"i 

larlxMlltt.  DuPtft... 

■tfkp,  Jrffrraua 

Jfelem.  Henry ..^ 

KUHaile , 

^uawk»,UaBderaaii 

k  Ji'kMm 

e.tlark,.^. 

n  Pralrte,  pwtrla. , 
fBiiflr*llle,  fitepbenaut. .s 

VlJI^J••'h•l"J  

.1  Miiipa,  Pevria 
.     .iriaee,  (uuk... 

ir'tiille.  Wafue 

.'■oa,  Ufon...., 

;»gi»li, 'Wie 

<£«ni>i)i 

m.  Hrarj N 


r.  >r. 


ikllit. 


I.  lt.N-klaUnd...H1 

•ul*.»urt 

r...  Hfiirjr Rl 

U—.riar 

iiiN   McUin •< 

-,  ih.  Win 

_>»rf...  Ki-LiUll 

Blt««m.liiHal'e 

MuaAprifiiri.  fjiBaUg, 

^r,  lA  Halle 

■r*llle,Jt!rwr Rl 

S,  YM-a ' 

4,>juwii.(..,  KankakM. 

iftffa,  llureau 

u.Maii.u ., 

.n.C«.k k 

iifo.  Chrlmian 

I,  Winnebagu 

IHuw,  puiuam 

Alknry Ml 

hlk,tloj« ' 

■rk,  Johnw-i 


nKlf.l." 


i.Kalut  Clair.. 


r    Url.r«]|  . 


,..8' 

V.N 


ine.t'fBwriinl 8 

Mt.Hf,  lt*Dll<^'l)>tl B^ 

Flhner,  Ijiruuan 

hlmrra,  llatoupla 

I)  \\\».  lUti.lllun 

•rtitrUndl, .,.'.,.., 

'.  MiniaiiiuQ 

t  hrliUao ,,..,. 

labuiliiu,  Wooilford. 

jal^rr.  fannmuD 

tau.  IriHiuola 

_^___^^■^>lea 

fBria,£<linr 

Tarker.  Jobnaua 

hikrnbursh,  Rlrblaad.M 

firk  Manor,  Cook N 

iPaik  Itidgf .  took N 

*iiliilde.  Cook N 

BkTille,  C'hampaln  

kiTH/r.^ieaUnia  Prairie). 

ftriiflU  IkWiu 

T^rriih,  FreukllD 

'Itid,  flauganiou .....,., 


,   port,  Itkhlaitd 

tlH>a</'urt.  DcWill 

^tufrOrli).  1  awreucfl. . . .  N 
■t.Min.in 

Bp^iitn-i-'.-i-..  wniV.V.V.'.'i>i 

.,  U'mIhuIi 1 

■tlUut..  Ki-.idall 

Aaaee,  bifijtanion.. 

uPaiKHn  Juiir.^  Haugaiiion 
■Pawpaw,  !*».  ....7;.. 

■Puliin,  Fit: 

WUe.  Kd||*i , 

■)*in,  Ailaina. , 

Ku.(,  il.Kui. ,'  . 

■Pearl.  I'ikt 

■P«-.i<.uha.  Winnebago. - 
■  Pekin,  Tawaell 

*lk«la.  MaMae ..,,8 

■frntali),  (lianipaln 

pniiinttuD  Point,  MgDub. 

RPrniiixl  CiHik I 

ptimae.  Mhlieakia N 

|PKOKIA.PeorU 

rPwtoor,  Wdl I 


MAP  INDEX  OF  ILLINOIS. 


l-arh.irwk. 


111.',    WwhM.: 

k  ^.lra•.HL  I  I, 

,    M4«.l 


'■niillluii, 
,  Vi  rmilliiti. 
,   Whltr. 
ruKl  riialu,  Vu\...i, 
r,   Uitu 


hri'n,  rnwfof 


w 


''n 

m(J#r«OB,  M'lT'rNK 
rthnrld,  I'nok  VK 
iiMfffl,  i:*Ddall    N 

■U,P«orl» (• 

:>,  Kane V 

*«'fc/H(t  (-'onk  \i; 
■ina^fia.  Bans''   i  i' 

•(f.Tia»lk s- 

.took SK 

Usalto N 


k*       " 


{(..,.]  MeiMnT ^.JJ 

»'""i."J' SI 

Ztitrn.  r<a>a MB 

B"<~:<-<i> u 


iwfuril  . 


|iiriiw'lil.»«trilt;ur.  .ItW 

flM.h,M M 

m^trairl^tm W 


«,M...«.. 


,.NI 


...NW 


...NK 


iiik«.  \rir 


I,  (iri'Piie.. 


:::mI 


..iS 


I.  l,Minot"n  i 

,  M.H..U .£ 

II.,.,.  filnHWf...  fw 

„  q7.<..<  tiicwrtW 

_,.-_ii.t  (  Utf »w 

irnki.  UtKlta jj 

Ma UK 

IP.  Mnutinm»n . . . .  I' 
itlk.WuhlBgfcHi.. 
,r*trf 


_ir*nilll..i.    

i  jiriii'h.  Ai«tud«r....it 

tl,  tAW It 

«tr(l.  ri]liu>lil B 

,  lEI.tillUil HK 

(lillMi HR 

.  Uarioii H 

".'"■lU"!* ■■£ 

^,   ifuiwu^^o N  w 

ki.t«,ki><>i W 

lrl...Tim-i W 

.till'>.l>ul-tga....NK 

■,  .Irffrnua H 

I.  Ilfnry MW 

J,  Uhallv , H 

iujtitkft.  lUD^nM. .  w 

■  Jt>'k«>u « 

>■.  (Itrk  ,, K 

■n  Prtlrlfc  Pw.rta (' 

nr*lll-.}itrph*BM«flNW 

l/^JM'k■>•u II 

.hiM  Mlur*.  Prurta.  ,.0 
..■l,«rJI'lM-f>,  t'ouk....ifK 

UnttlUe.  WifM Hr; 

~nu,  Miron.,,., II 

WCon.'Wta N 

.(•«1Jdu).. ,.j, 

U.  H'BTj kw 


c-k '.NB 

_n>,M<>nnn W 

luHiM,  WattTD W 

i.»'raukllii, ,.8 

.jorti,  lbirkl»Uttd...HW 

KU.Hurk <; 

ro.  Htnrt NW 

ii>uM,('lar K 

tntn.KcUtn BW 

-  Ik.  Witt (■ 

rrffi*.  Kr-Brtall N 

fouwB.  U  Hal-t N 

'-Mira  /•■prtnffi.  U  ItaUa  .  N 

f.UBalk N 

nill«,J>nr)r HW 

i.rollon W 

aoJtinfUoi:  KankakM.  E 

mil**  Uomu... N 

I,  Mariiu ,.(i 

|«iiirr<i.Chd'uiaDi!l'.i..(} 
<u,  Wtnnchatfu. ...... ,N 

iw.  Putnam " 

j.Htory 

-..•,lku« 

rk,  JuhnM-n 

KlBcUok 

brtwrn.  Itelut  Clair. 

wlji  UrliMii MW 

Ml'ulut,  ttalif N 

J4I1W.  (u<-ti NK 

<■.  KUmir K 

linr.lriufdrd HK 

H«,  fUo-loliit HW 

.rf.ijitl.tlan. C 

...  jtm,  llaxiutiln C 

J  Att».  lUnililiiQ N 

ii-iiHK  Ail«lll« W 

,  itreUrUDdi 

rr.  ^antainun (', 

.a.Lhrt»Uan .i: 

...UHUtlou,  Wuodfard.ll 

\ir,  fatinniuD <; 

rlDCMi,  irwiuat*. ......  K 

ldlB^t■^^l« R 

>ftria.£«lnr K 

atktr,  Johnwn 8 

Nrkrtibunrh,  KIclUaiMl.HK 

'^rk  MtDur.Cuok NK 

«k  Rldgf .  Cwk NL" 

KrkHdf,  ('4Wk NB 

~    lie,  Ckatiibalgn  E 

-wklVWiit ;..o 

Nfrtih,  rraiifclln 8 

ilrlil,  Atuirini')ii ii 

Wrt.  111.  Mai.il HK 

*/'iifil,  IipWIU,. 


..NK 

..,W 
..NK 
,..8R 


r..ti^j.>ii'*.  Will 

I,  WaliMh... 
Iiillon.  Krnilah... 

lanw.  HanKaliiun ('. 

|/^l«r.,»,  Ju„c.,  sanittinoii  c 

((■•wCaw,  tft N 

ifaitiin,  Tit; K 

lynr.KJwi K 

■■n,  Adiina w 

„  (.Nvob H 

irratl.  I'ike w 

pBiiii,t,h»,  Wlnnebafo...N 
Pfklii,  Tawmell c 

nlunli.  Ma*Mi- 8W 

[■r!inl().  I  lianipaisti K 

rMilncionJ'onii,  dtDi»B..W 

/■»ni.«i  r.,.,k MK 

l^fmt.  WtllrtUl. NW 

^KllHlA.tnjrla C 

rwttiwr,  Wil v£ 


rIviM,  Da 

•  frfry  <«l«-)n|M.  Hra«*..  W 
■rrtTMh—Vlh* W 

f/'«Tvi.  Jf  h*>ti.......    . .  V 
wTkk"),  Utrrrr...  ....  NW 

fNrn*iu».  wiBWibaio.    M 

|WtV*.ltwt W 

•  Km.lAMlto S 

iivb-ra.  i)*'il*»tl U 

Priwlxtrj.  (■•••  Aub'rtai       ., 

•  I'rlrratitirBh.  Mi-mM  C 
IVUT..  r™.h.yT.tdlll  •■ 
|vi.-..!ti..,  M.nrr      ..  NW 


iii*<i"i|iiit«,'f'aa[ 


P).M1!iMf.«>ti,  Whlla  .... 

frriif..,  u>*ii>[Mi«a 
V.*Ni/   lN„.«laa 

91'iwa,  M*..M.(.||i. 

•  /-M(.i  Hitift.  Jtrmt... 
Piw. *fturj,A  (  rawbra... 
ivneuilf,  )>rlC«jb 

•  rirrr^ii.  nund-.^^,..... 

•  l-lrr*<.nMi*ll<iD,PWl.. 
nuHiu.  .l»lhtm<U... 

•  T'lk''.  l-lkM 

Pil-.i.  V.rihin.it. 

/■tJ'  (  A't"».  WailtlMtwH  . 

•  l'lrkiifvvlll»,P«rrT 


i  A-... 


!■'- 

/■li-.riK*.  !«..■  lUviM).. 
fl'iiiarx'  tii.  •f.lCana. 
Piuk  rf.i-i.-.  H^'ury.... 

•  I'lnhdaff.  l«wn-l>M  . 
rill  Oak,  Wnruc 

I'li'tN'll*.  INllllIlllB 

•  iVrtll/.  f-nnl. B 

•  I'liK*)),  Murvau W 

J•^l<^fftlll'.^»r*l  HtM^Lluu) .. 
Clltiitiuiitli.rat.-tlF 1 

•  riii.niti.^.  ruf  w 

•  }'iitVl*'dJHN'(M'>i,  I'lha  W 

illtixHHl,  InKiiHila R 

iPlaJnllrM.  Will NK 


I'lttiii,  K<'»'Ult.. 


.,  lr,H,N. 


•  /V 


,  Moi 


•  rrr-«mpUon,  Mercer.. .NW 


t-||iib)ii. 


Z 


...0  llu 

J  « 

..W  lu 

..  ■  w 

...I  » 

...I  I.IW 

...S  lu 

..  N  lu 

II W  "' 

"J  ™ 


Hi   mill*      iiiir.  nauv  .......  n 

1>I. K.Ki-h.^all M 

I'lmknt.itiiir,  Hhalhf (' 

IVricinl'iVrrN.HIark  .    ..     (T 
;'f#ri<.in(  //tn.  .|.»  Ihivltraa  N  W 

•  nraMUttlill.  Ilkn W 

I'li-waiil  M.iiihd,  Ihind ...    .  1^ 

fl'Iraaaiill'lalna,  htiiiiiiitiiiul' 
Inimint  tixtv*.  Madlwin  C 
l>)«aaaiitV>ll.r,  J.>l»aviiNW 
I'lraaaul  VI.  w,iiiliU)U-f  .     W 

/'(y.«.K.'.ill W 

1-Iiimll''i.l.  Kranklln B 

fluiii  11111.  Wakliltictun.. 
Mum  Itivrr.  .l->  I>a*lcaa . 

•  I'lyiiioaili,  llanouck.... 

•  I-.iaii.  MatilMio 

•  I'<x-ah<>N«*a,  lloud 

lV.^l-upe 

%t'«.iirk.  Mnultf'inwr)'.. 


.NW 


.  .I*W 


1.6 


•  /'til'iN.l,  lUiidulph,. 

fl^.lil.  (>Bli>  .,., n 
tiUt/nTt,  (we  Ml.  Carmll) . . 

ri.m.r.i».  McfTiT NW 

#I'>Jiiiii[>a,  Jat;kwiu H 

«l'..ii<iTiari.  Warn-U W 

•  roiillnt-,  IJvlnniou...,  (.' 
/'iinii'ii' Ju>t<-i(..n,I.'vlit|tU'ti(' 

•  I'DMbHMtK,  lUni'Hh  ....   W 

•  ruiilart'lt).  MiiMin NW 

•  i'ii|.larGr<ivt',  M<h.|is  .  N 
«/*oH/ioa<-WT,,J..  irvlaNW 

•  rciltll/mtt.lti'*  k  laUbd  NW 

•  /■fjrl  ByronJunclkfU,  Itock 

lilanJ N 

Pnrtttntltt.  .tai-kai)n S 

Purl  Jifkion.  t:nmti>ra. . .HK 

I'lirtland,  Prank lln H 

/'(^■iJiinil.  Wbllwildi' NW 

J'url  tiu  I'vinl,  Halnl  Cl'r  HW 

•  fuacr.  (  llnUiii. .....a 

#Putuniu',  ViTtiilUuu K 

•  I'ulUUiku,  Prurta <' 

Poarrliuin,  itannwk W 

I'ralr1n(ftilrp,  U  Halle M 

•  Pralrlnt  Hv,  Mi'I><>Quu«h  W 
ml'nilrls  Crt*k,Vi\U  ..  NR 
/V'llriflilu  /'otii.SnInU'l'rHW 
I'ralrlodu  Ituchrr.U'uri'phHW 

•  I'ralrlnlUll.  Mawia 6 

rrHlr1uHuiii<<,  filirlhy 0 

Tralrtii  Town.  MadUoa € 

^itlrir  VUtf,  Ihiuglaa B 

•  I'ralrto  Vlrw,  Uke NK 

I'rmincTllle.  U-t... 
tYatt,  Wliltaaidt 


,  NW 


W 
..HW 


•  PnnUriL  Uorvan 
PrratuD,  Itandolph.... 
i'Tflttfttuin.  Taii'well.. 

rrlr»>,  I^wrrart^.   ns 

ItterllU.  I»ra  iMvna) 

•  I'rlnrclon,  IlurMU N 

•  I'rIiiievUle,  i'eurUl C 

Proctor.  Ford B 

Vr^tntt,  rnhm X 

•  ProphPUtowD,  WhlUa'e  NW 
mPrt>aptcl,  <  hampal«n B 

•  />v-f"c(,  BauyainuD C 

PpMiterKr.  Fraiikllii B 

Pru'tdrnep,  UurMU. ........  N 

ProTlivt.<^»k NR 

IMJol,  IUDd.ilph 8W 

fPulatkl,  I'ulukI B 
Li.iiK.  hantiK-k                   ~ 
i'lilli-T'a  fc-       — 

•  I'uflMiai),  Co 

•  r«r(lnff(on,t.«M>k.. 

•  /■uI(,Vm*,  Fulton  . 

•  I'utiiatii,  1  utuatn... 

•  l')mil.  Prrfr 

tjutrii  ^'|ly,  i-^acbmtt).. 
mQaemthilf.  t'lj 
Ouliitry,  HliPlby     ", 

•  qt>lNt'Y,Adatna 

•  UhIiiiu  JunriloH,  I'lkp. . . 

VuJrw.  Ua«iii H 

KaiT'-iu,  Marltiu 

Itadillrvtlle,  .Iichaun 

•  IUdriird,<:iir.atlui 

•  ft.iJIrif,  li-a 

•  JU'Jollt.  WuhluftoD 

^K  iniiown.JaatN-r. 

•  Miiha.Haltitclalr « 

•  )Uict|th,8«llDe 

^(iiittyrilU,  PiKirta 

•  Ilaiiiwr   FayMU 


..NK 


.i;;:;7k.; 

•  ll.in<]..lph,  MrLMD BW 

IJaiiB-',  .Iril.r-.ii 8 

'  I  •/.VixiiH.sahit  I'lair BW 

u     •llniikln.  Vrnnlll'iii ...F. 

4|  •  lUiuiiii),  U  Halle N 

1 1  9  IbmUnO.  CtoiuyaiBB B 


•  lU^ila  I'llrTKicfc  tail'4.  M  W  M 

i  HarUlR.  ititM .1  BLi 

lUrllaa,HaiMtor«u« W  til 

(Uutn,  Piifa ■  ll 

•  M»r«),  Rd«a* ..ll  X 

i  lUoiMXHHt,  l'w». Ml  • 

ilUtlnla,  Uka Nj  IH 

mhtit.ilit.  PullMI W  «n 

itUr.  Hihuflar W  IM 

i HaritKind.  M<>at||>iiiM>rr     C  Ml 

Iir.iVriM«.V»ni.>ll..ii B 

irrad'r.  Mai'<iit(»lH  .      ,.,  It  iy 

f  llaadlna,  iJtltinlt.M             C  lOU 

Mtftt'TTIlU,  ym-n  llr<ii.|Mua)  " 

«I1im|  Hud.  I4aiiilt>l|>li,   .     MW  1,11* 

tl|<^dk  k,  KankakM  ...       K  l«J 

r.fAMi.l.  nirhlaiHl KB 

«l(rdnii.H,  Mnr B  H 

l(r.l<>ak.  NI't>fiPiiann          NW  lU 

m/Uii>,k.*-i  iid.H.Nfriih'nNW  ■ 

/^rfA  ■M<('|..'l>«|ut,lUlt   HW  lUO 

liio'l.  tli'ii'lt'fai'ii        W  lU 

:AV*,Uf#  MM*iupm i;  y 

ft*fa§n<>4nng.U(M>mt..  N  x 

0H»*».  r'fiti.kllu...   •  X 

||pfvi'a*in#    Ji'hnaitD......    B  K 

H-t-tw,  J.  th,  »,n B  X 

ltr|[i.|ii,  Ji.iitii>in. B  y 

AVt.. »,»  t,  U  Halle , . .  N  1(1 

•  ArlW    .V«m*<r    CM«,  Tai*- 

WfTl ......u   «  X 

•  tt>rfa/  f,>,mhw  Tim.  TaM> 

•all I]  X 

llrnauli,  M.mrua IW  UU 

«llf  no.  H.ixd ,, n  luO 

SI(rniihic<r,Baimclalr...»W  19 

Wr/r.-.i.  f«.>k ,.  NB  X 

•  IbXHiia*.  Il..rk  InUoi  NW  lOU 
ilUyn:i.u.Vuiua B  X 

•  lll.r»l.a.  (•..•k... NK  X 

•  Au  AiiMt.  IJI  Mallv N  4a 

Slllrhardaon.  Kane N  «1 

HlrhSrlil,  Adam* ., W  «) 

•  Itli'hland,  Kanitainoii,..,  C  Ml 
rtkAloMii  ifrvtftU  k  laI'dN  W  Tl 
tlllrtiiiiiihd,  Mrllcurr  ...     N  411 

•  Uiil.1 l.iok. NB  490 

«l(l<liUr«,  WaaliliiHlon.    .   H  4«a 

lti<  ll  W..,.U,  Crawfnrd  . .    HK  x 

Hlikrl.H.nry NW  y 

•  lli<1h<   I  xnii.  V>.ro>lli'in      K  TV7 

•  l(ldM>n-l.|.  IMIviiry  .  N  ItU 
%tiut<,,,,u-l.  I  ...k       .    ..   NK  3tMi 

RUiiltfil),  !<jniraiii'>ii     ...    i:  t.liil 

I't^K  Pmlric.hiiiuil  lair.HW  /. 

•  HidKr. lUf.  UMitmla K  39 

•  ItlilKwar,  (lulUtlii HK  Aid 

•  Kld-ill.  ht«plwuaw« NW  4tJlj 

nnflf.'  lay H  .■; 

tltlK   iK.ii,  frtdt W  M 

•  m>  /\lllf>.  HallM ,  H  lutl 

•  lUuard.  Waiiie NB  IH 

•  KlnxttiXKl,  Ucllaurr M  Sua 

•  t(li>,  Knoi W  Ml 

•  Id'.la.   VVrFiiUlOo B  H 

mi'it-r,  iir..wri w  am 

ItiixloFi.  Hniiii  (lair BW  m 

•  ItUiiiit  (  liatnnalm B  M 

•  ItUk.  lJ>inn{u(i ,0  tl 

•  IliU'Iiry.  wm fJl  tl 

#l(itfiaal>>.  I'vuk NB  • 

%IUvtt,uHf,iiretM W  y 

^tHrrr  /■.wTf»(,<\.iik NB  l'.4l 

•  Ulfrdriivr.  J'.H.k   VK  Vn 

•  /lirrr  In-Uii*.  hulnl  (  TrN  W  k 

fiUviTKlilx.  li-i.   NK  fiK] 

Airfftt<i«>/uri''ll<rn,l'Mik..NK  H 

9  IUreru>u,  HaiiKaiii'm ('  i.ttl 

#/fiMji'AM,  JrSrr«iii,..,,...H  x 

•  KuauokD.Wo<idrurtl C  BSI 

•  ltubrr1a,Vord   X  W 

•  Rob  Inatin.r  raw  ford. .  BB  l.stil 

rEiihlnaxD  (.  n-fk.  Khrlbr U  U 

AoAlniDFt't,  lUudtilpb  ....BW  V 

•  Horh'^llr'.  4WI>' N  t.'iHl 

•  l(uclirat«r,  Maniau)i>ii....  U  •!! 

Ro>Krttn;  Wabaah HK  y 

l(<Hk,  Pope B  »i 

•  lt<M-ktirld|e,  U  m-iie W  SJ( 

•  KurkCltjr,  ttu-pheuaoii.  NW  w 
ItMTk  (rrt-k,  llanlln HK  U 

•  IliHkfrllcr,  Uke NK  IM 

#lbHk  halK Whlt«>alde..NW  I.M 

•  Itufkriird.Wiuucbacu.  N  t3.M 

•  lUxk  lNUniJ.lt.l..  NW  IS,W 
mH(i,k   Itliniit   JuHCihii, 

Wl,ll».|ilil« SW  X 

•  K.-^ki>.itt.Plke W  W 

•  ItiHkiuu.  Wlnnrliuu ti  W. 

ItiA'kttUr,  Kanknkt-r K  » 

HM-kw.Hid,  ltan.l..1p]|  ....  HW  lU 

•  KifiMrti.  Jii  ItuMrM NW  < 

•  Itotirr'aPark.  (  <>uk NK  I.TU 

•  Itunrer,  U'.ripiu W  >: 

•  KuUlul,  White BR  Si 

Bolllna,  Uke NB  » 

«nollu.l>t<Kalb N  m 

•  lloiue,  Peoria 0  K 

Aofita,  JhRc  nuD 8  I M 

mHotneo,  Will NB  D 

•  AuRdouf,  Lake Nk  la 

•  lloudhutiir.  Urwne W  S,Mi 

•  Hoak't  Crtfk,  Uvtngalun.  .U  X 

•  AoMltAa,  UvtonBUiu. <:  l( 

•  HuaNiruofh,  Kuidulpk  .BW  M 

#Ri)a(X>fi,  WlnnvlMUCu N  M 

ittotv*  (Vue'i;,  WfunebeiuN  > 

Aixa.  lnM|ii>ila K  ■ 

lUwe  Hud.  PuM> B  h 

UiMrcranM,  lake NK  M 

Kiiafdalr,  J.raer »W  « 

mttoM  //hi,  Cook NB  a 

•  Iboii  H 111.  Jaapar BR  IM 

IU««'laiid,  I  i-ik NB  « 

•  ItcNfUr,  l>urn«e NB  M 

VitiiM-iiKiud.  ClirtiUan  0  NjI 

•  Buartlllf,  Warrtn W  TM 

noarouiHl,  J^'ITcrauu 8  > 

Ktiatrlam,  Uardln 6K  II 

Itualrn.CutiiU'iland K 

|{.M  (iruve,  DcKalb N 

•  Ituaavllk,  Vrrnillli.n R 

•  IttiuiidOruVf,  WldtcaldeNW 

•  Itouiid  Kiiidi,  Maiaac H 

•  U'lue,  UvliiniuD C 

#ifc.»m.  i>.'Wiu u 

lt.i)al,CliaiiipalKii B 

Jt'itctta,  lleitdpraoo W 

Kiiark,  iJKtma'n.,..  NK 

%Huhu.  Winiirliaffo      N 

•  Ituicl'I'.  iJtlutCaUiu      C 

ItuTiia,  ttaiidulvh BW 

I'upe,  Jfffiraun S 

ttural.  Hrnk  lalaiid NW 

ttural  Mill,  llainlltun B 

lliMti.  J<i  Pavk-ia NW 

•  Itiiahvllle,  Hvhujter..  W 
mHHttttt,  i  lay H 

•  ltii**t'll.  Ltk NR 

KuaavlKrille,  Uvrraoa  ....NB 

•  Rutland,  La  Belle N 

•  JuftiHO,  McLrau C 

•.Vii<T(i»MN(u.  Kankakee... E 

•  Sai^raiitrniti,   Whtu BE 

•  fail.ifiin  (uanipalgn K 

•  rtntf  lindKP.  Couk NE 

tMaOuna,  kUMB ti 


MP       TOVB. 


i 


•Balnlttwrka,Katw 

rkalNl  IkiHd,  VuiioR 
HalutRliiHi.  ra/eiu  ...  a 
MttMt  V<iH.|,  <<>.>k  .    .    NK 
'  rtaat'la*'*,  UvtiaNK 


is 

Ball 


A 


..HB 


JMUaona.  Kaitkakfa     .  .. 

KBaloUMS'l),  Ma<llMit>  hW 
aBlJaiiira,  tar'lte B 

iiatiil  John,  IVrrr  B 
HalnlJiMvi'li,  ( Itainfoua  It 
lnl|jli..rr.  Halnillair  ..NW 

•  Halnl  Mart.-,  ,laap*r  NH 

•  -•^ilnt  Jf.iry,  InHju'ila  ...  N 
.«<IIMl  UlryB,  llatirmk  .  ,.W 
Haint  M'lrvait,  Ua-llan't  .  NW 
jV.tl'il  /''iMiii.iM-a   VaiiOrlu) 

Halitt  Paul,  Fa)ili« A 

Halnl  t|..a*,  i  lini-n B 

.ifiMil  Wm.Ul,i  lay H 

SItolani,  Warli>i> B 
kllna.  Hankakrr        B 

«»lluoMni'->.  i.allalln BR 

~  till  tin  ty,  haiiiraoi.. i) 

N.IUtnk.  r,.P.|f  ...   Hi 
.^.^'KlfyM*  Ai.(l-V.l>rWlM  (! 

ittntiaa^  Kmn  W 

Bautoin,  Uwaar     . 
Baniafllla,  Itdvarda,. 

Baabum,  JohiiM-it 

SnnaLai\U^r  NB 

fManduTal,  Marlmt B 
(a>l  frmrta,  iM-aHauda),.., 

•  .VdNil/rhlfltf.  Urniidy  N 

fHaa't  hidiv.  Jarkaiiti...,..N 

#MaatU,  Tuewoll ,,  (1 

-t.'Tiini/f,  WhilMlita NW 

l.«<iail.Wiur,  Haiolidph  .  BW 
l/Titaila  )Y<i}p1#.  Taaawrll .  .C 

iHanduaky,  Alnaiidar ■ 

I.ViiNdMly,  Vrrtnllloa B 

iHaudMlrh,  l>»Kalh N 

lanf'ira»iH*,  Wl)lu-alda..NW 
g Hao|ain<iii,  Uarva. . 


■  Bail  ii'Hv,  ataaon  .... 
Baal*  V^,  Ataaandef  . 

Afrnotfii,  Marahall 

Habi,  Jaa'kmn 

:Kauuaiiiin,  UrlufaUiD. . 
Havanna,  Carroll 

Champalffn ,   ,., 
tenry., 


Hrhapvllle.  Jo  Davlraa . , 
Bcbaufflhurir.  c<M'k 
•  A-AIJbriVl'.l'ui 
Bi-htwl,  Wbiu. . 


I.ll« 


■s 


-  jiniciair.  «tw 

-hniaUllla,  Greene W 

■h«rr,  InHitioia — k 

Boti.l«.  U(-t)uunuil) W 

f  .«(ro~-«,  Vrnnlllon B 

j9p»ti(laKBalnt  Clair BW 

•SMtt  lAbd,  i:diar R 

fkotlUm,Ur<.wii.... W 

ffBcolUbnrth.  MtltunuiiMti  W 
catt'kHtatiiH.it^m  Wabaah) 

M-olWilU,  lareWabaafe) 

Hiouvllle.  Hamapia H  W 

tleuvet,IJtliiiiB(aii ,..() 
ire,lloekI  Uud NW 

•  BeabtD.  Mert'cr NW 

•HeaU>n*lUr,  Ilurran N 

(rrbaBiop>iL  Madiaon BW 

9HMMir,  WuntU'ird  U 

•  Herhom,  V\)^« W 

H**Bti'r,c».ok NB 

Bi'11r(a,l'lititi|ialiin  .   K 

Sfthngtr.  hiiliitl  lair BW 

Hrliiiu,  Mil^-tii C 

SttMU'trf/,  >,i)cH.' H 

•  Hrana.  [.aHaUa H 

Brpo,  Kiilbm .W 

•  Hcrcna.  U  Halle N 

•  Hevtili',  Kiiltiin W 

>bcwarU.  WinnclwiD N 

IvitiiD,  Ebelliv 0 

#Heyin<mr,  (  hampalcn R 

•  Hbal'lNiua,  ItaKalh N 

HhatitwuaOniva,  ItaKalb. .  N 

«Bhanuou.  (arrolt NW 

Bbarun,  lleonr NW 

•  Hharpaburtli,  Chrlallao  ...O 
Sharpa  t'dV>(*n>*'"'>^oBBUr> 

JiNtaaUuc,  t  lliibin tl 
A<]ui<i£i<>VA,Cwk NK 

•  HbBW.Ue N 

iSkawne*Junt:,  llanilllua.B 

•  Nhiiwni««t»«rn,<>all'loHfr 
%SKt*p  /*»«,  (iruudj N 

•  Hbefflrld.  Hnrean N 

•Mh«l()y*llle,  Bbelbr...B 

•  BheldoD,  Iruqunla K 

Bbeliua'a  Or«vK.  Btliuyler .  W 

alBhepbenl,  pike W 
herburnMlle,  KankakM. ..R 

•  Bhcrtdau,  l.a  Halle N 

•  5A4rtd<>HJ»M''.l.ahaUe..N 

VSherman,  Haiiifaiiiou .C 

•Hberiiirrtme,  Cook NB 

HhetirrvlUe,  llanUn B8 

AAWld.Llke NK 

Hblloh,  Baliit  CUlr BW 

Btalh)  (  rntrr.  Ltiainpalsa. .     " 
Bhilu  nill.  Randolph . 
Bblukle,  Btaalhj ., 

•  HhlUii,Ptki W 

•  Shlpmau,  Maixjupln C 

#8htrlaad,  WinnchaBu N 

•  BhIrlrr.Url'iii BW 

•  Hbobunler.  Payrtte B 

%tihoH  SUtina,  PiHirIa 0 

•  .VAwidiff  I'.trk,  liMk  , . ,  NB 
•Shop  Cfrtkj,  Montitumery.C 
•Hhiiiiiwar,  fimDHbain H 

•  Hlltlrr.  Ford E 

B 

. N 

SiHtditry,  Clianipa  n> B 
imrrt,  Edward HK 

•  k1|vI,  Hhrlliy .U 

Sll-win.  IlMwti  ..  W 

Hlht-r  Crvek,  Cal  oun W 

mivtrCrttk.  Madlaon C 

HllrerUm,  Jaaiwr SB 

•  tiliiiooa,  L'«ok NE 

•  KlmpauD,  Jdhnaun ....8 


•  811  Ulle,  Wayue 8R 

BkBles,Hbelb)r V. 

•  Bkalton,  Luftan O 

•  Hiiilthboruujib,  lluod S 

•HnilUidale.  rjvtnitatoo U 

ffiBmlthfteld,  KuHun W 

•  Bmlththlre,  Warrm W 

imt:\  /.'(rtf.(Ma  Mprnmao  Pi.) 
Btnltbtxn,  fealttt  CUlr. .. . .  .HW' 

Hm1IL>lllr.  Pr*>r1a C 

•  HriiiittirnfitU,  rratikUn...a 

nmratlr,  ItlMCin NW 

Huldrr,  Veniillit.B..... X 

Bnowtuka,  Fnuitlin 8 


..8W 


eointr.     iitai.     pm. 


& 


\ 


M.,m4,Att 

11%  McHanrr 

BumanalilUURe,.. ... 
•nuntuuavk,  IipIUIb...        h 
Himora,  Haitrmk W 

•  iU>r«iil<>,  Iki»d I 

i.^tHiA  i-faluv*.  Ihifaie  NX 

Buutli  ..  iiiarva,  NailHa 1 

Mfuth'i'Hpt-n,  (•*•  PrlMWf'Bi 

?t.-n,k  A  <r-r.,.  Kan*  .        N 
MMiih'  i.i'a«»,  <<«.k        NB 
.^oHHKS,..,^,.-<h..f.,,t  ..ikNi 

•  4<'M|A  rkt,,ttf.,  .inj  /ti-uik- 

.ni,;MH,llu.,  l.-,k  NX 
Hi'Vtk  tkthnU*.  V»r)Hllv»n  B 
H  r.iui  pltMiB,  I  -'b  NB 

•  n.iulh  Fliiln,  Kan.-  H 
a.v.ihlA  A/'nAMral.tiul'agaNB 

•  H nli.|k*...d.  CkInK 

•  .<<i.ittA  yiai-ni  ni.lJmn-ltvm, 

C.-ik Hi 

•  Btiutll  Eraiialon.  I  ta>k       NB 
msonik  FrMb'Wt,  filrp'a  HW 

BouUiaruve.livKalb N 

HuiiUi  lUrvar.  CmA  .       .    NB 
Bttuib  ll'ndvrvun,  Hender'aW 

Biiuih  ir>llv>d,C<Kik NX 

\,Htt\  llui.tt,  WhlU-alde     NW 

t-iotilkJuir,  iiaiiii  ClalrHW 
H-mili  l.fnn'.look  .     ,   NB 
H.> Mi.uni  »'•.rr•^l.•••k  NB 


^l^  (M'li 


»i*  rt 


-,*    SB 


lAHaik. 


1.1.  Pf 


'oiWA  i  . 

<»uihf"rt,  .r,„i,  

i<ii<(A  HU*a*t"nJ.  I<i»k 

tSuuW  H>^»i 1.  I  iHik. 
.V»wl*  AA«rv, 


.*.kl*.<^r(N|tn#f.l,  Habf'U  .0 

BoulhwaaklVMik NB 

Bpaitkey,i)ar«>r  .       BW 

«M'*«.  (ItuKiii B 

Bpark'allill,  Hardin BK 

«Buarhoil,  WarUiall  C 

•  HparU,iUn.tolpli BW 

HnaMidtui,  BaUHaifiuB I.' 

•  Huennir.Wlll  NB 

•  hprlhM.llro^n W 

Hprliif  fiar,  W.MKUord......  (1 

f  sprTniniuff.  tAke...  ht 
th'Tinjl'T^k.  (ire  IVI  H«>)   . 

•  Hprrnferlon,  Whlt^.t.  ..hX 

•  NVHlNOriKLII.BaVni- 
^.•h>nnifiwt.tJunr  .Kanca'nU 
sprint Oardrn,  J'lfanon...  N 
HprlntrOrote,  Mi  Henry. .  N 
f«prinK  Mill.  Hhiualde...  KW 
.spn>\ti  li\k*,  Ma*<>u..        "'" 


X 
X 

..i 

M 

X 

« 

mt 

X 

m 

X 
X 

A 


.  llniWB.. 


,,  Adama . . 
,    .    on  Vald-ir,  llureau.. 
•  Hprlninlltr,  (i, 
C  stale*,  ■■ 


>,  Lbaninaign 


.H 


,0 


..NW 


;:yiS 


,.NB 


•  ^iprfnii 

C  stale*,  I 

•  MaltloKa,  Mtdla>.u 

SBuuf'>rd.  MrUan 
4t>ilf'H,  HtcphroauU  . . , 
BUr,  Haiii<<.ck 

•  tiUrk.htark 

Suirkt.  tare  Mayne) 

itrnM,  H«itK«iittiu  ... 
«/.(na.(  Ifitk 

•  -^MM  /<-*,  C.H.k 

~     (.ila/.laf.  VrniilUon. 

UunloiL  Matiiiipln.. 
Bta^nuitur,  la  Halm 

•  .Mr«l«,  Will 

•  Ki^lRtllle,  Itandolpb, 

•  Mb'tlliiH.  wblteaUle. . .. 

•  Htavrna,  HU-|i|ii-uaiia. . 

•  Nifwaril.  \r->' 

•  Sbiwardaoii.  Hhelby .. 

•  .V(i.-»n..tf.ri-.k 

•  HUllman  V.illpy,  U|Ie. 

•  Suiwcll,  Ilanr.ick n 

WurnmlJnue.  Maroupln....!! 

ttuM-kund,  Iri'iiuola ,B 

•HtcM'kb>n,  Ji>  liavleoe . . .  N  W 
.SkH-ka,  Taiowell V. 

•  Htock  Yarda,  Coiik NK 

%Su>ck  }Vird«jHii<>.,CookNB 
•■VKMAra  Taaearall G 

•  ttb.kra,  WLIte 8B 

•  Htiine.  {r*> N 

■S'lotia  jirfuiM,  C(Hik NB 

HijineCliun-b,  WaahlUKtuu  .  B 

•  Slonr  Fort,  Hallne H 

su»i*  ruiirt*,  Adania W 

•  .s'luria  V'J'Tv,  Haini  CI'rBW 
hbnifa  Coruvra,  McHenrjr. . .  N 

•  Hti'Dlujni'n,  (  hrlRiliin L 

•  Htuokey.BalnU  lair..   ..BW 

•  .•doNV/ittina.lubk NB 

•  8t»y,  Crawford HR 

•  Btraabursh,  Hhelby C 

•  HtraUurd.  Ogle N 

•  flO-uu/.ribfl W 

•  SIrawD,  Unuinrtvii C 

•  8l«ator,UBaIle N 

tItrMlorJune,  UHaU«....N 
mfUMatorJuHc,  Wdr-tTd.,0 
Slriniitavn,  Itre  Pilluula)  .  . 
Htrlnpowii,  Itlchland hK 

•  HtniDgbural,  HeuderaoD.  W 

•  Stn.ut.  pike W 

JtBtubbleflcId,  Iluud B 
turgU,  Cook NR 

•Hublette,  Ue N 

Umi,  Mert-er NW 

Kiifli-m,  Maron 8 

•  ■Vui/iirtY^ri,  Jai-kaon B 

•  su^ar  drove   Kane N 

•NuUlvnii,  Uouiirte C 

•  .Sunimerdali-.Ci'uk NK 

•  8uininerfl<-ld.  Halnt  ClaU.  8 

Buniimr  Hill,  Pike W 

mtttii.uiifri,  iUlma BW 

•  Sunimpraon,  HaliilCUIr. .  B 

•  BMiiiinll,C.«>k NK 

•  .VummK.  KiioK. W 

■Vumtiili,  itnrk  Ulaad NW 

•  .Vui/.fiilt,  halnillair....  HW 

SH.iiiimll,  Will NK 
i<>jtmll.s'("llufi.  (ai-e  Vieuiui) 
Buiriuiutii,  FulluD W 

•  SiimnerJLawreUi-e 

HitKiptvr.  Wblte ..... 

HtintN-diii,  U«rrrr 

/fMNbury,  (atre  Ilwlfbt)., 

Huuneld.  Perhf 

•Hiinoy  IIill.ilenrT 

Hunrlte.  UBalle , 

•  Sunaet,  Kane 

• '•wfTrju,  Warrto 

HiiiKr,  flanouck 

•  HwaiiCri-ek,  Warren., 

•  '«anicv.  Kdfar 

•  hwanwkk.  Perry , 

>  *<d<ina,  Merrpf.    

•  .'iw«4>t  Watf  r.  Uanard. 
.iwlihfr,  I>fWnt   

•  ■VtM(c*/>.,Ford 

•  daryprt.  I.Hit'K«(.ii  .. 

•  HyriamorB.I'eKali'  .  .__ 
i  •6>a«Mvn  tunc.  1>«KjuB,1I 


8 
>A 

X 


A 

a 

i 

10 

i 


A 


NK 

I,U«7 

NW 

d 

X 

NW 

» 

..M 
...N 

& 

..w 

X 

..w 

.8 

..K 

« 

H 

ii» 

NW 

IH 

...C 

M) 

V 

B 

...c 

a 

■« 

«.•" 

MAP   INDEX  OF  ILLINOIS. 


ipiiiti 


iliill 
:  J 


TDvii.      coamTi.      laoBX. 

BjtTin.  (:ti» W 

•  KrmrrtoD,  Will.. N't 

•1..bkUrare,  V-  .Inn  .....W 

•  TUlDlK.  Hrunl C 

•  Tninnlco,  B<ind 8 

^mareck.  Will NK 

•Tamsniik,  Ferry H 

•  TUni|tlco,  WbllMlde,,,.  NW 

fi  Tan—Utti^astimon C 
uuu:.  Popt' B 

Taylor,  >irlV N 

Tutor  11)11.  l-rtnklln S 

•tirlor  Kl'ltr.  IhK-k  lal'd  HW 
•Taylorvlllf .  CtarUUan.  .C 
9TfiUni,  1  It  !'aiTC NB 

•  TcbtmD,  Mfdiii.   NW 

Trmple  ll1ll,l'i|K> R 

•'IrnneiiK.f.  Mi  l>oiic)U|ib..W 

•  TcmCotu,  Mcflpr  ....N 
Terra  lUii(«,  IltiiilFrwtD  —  W 

•  TpuWpohii,  F.mnKhaiii —  8 

•  T«iMritr.8aUtie B 

?TtMrlierr.  HaixlltUD 8 
karktrv,  llan)II.An B 

•  ThaU:kir-§  t'ark,  <:<>ok ,  NK 

•Thawvlllft,  Iroquota K 

Ttacbea,  Aleiander 8 

The  GniTC.  Look NK 

Ttiumaa,  Har«au  N 

•T)ion)aabornii,t'i,Cb'p'D. . .  R 
#Thoinaa*tllc.  MoDtflumcrr  V. 
•Ttiompaonvtlln,  Frankllu.  .B 

•ThoinauD.  Carrdll N  W 

•TbimtoD,  Cook NK 

•  Thornton  June.,  Cook . .  N  K 
ThrM  Ullfl  rralrle,  Wau'D.  B 

7*Aiirm«m  Hamltton 8 

•Tice,  Hp&ard C 

ficona,  U  Balle N 

•TtldeD,  lUudolph 6W 

TUe  Faclon/Su)Hch,\  trm'aS 
Tii/iinl(aee  BInfort) 

•  ruimaK,  SalDt  CUlr. . .  .SW 

•  rufon,  Vennlllioi) B 

mfimbuctoo,  C*rroU....NW 

•nme.  Pike KW 

TtmoUij  CamberUnd K 

•Tinlev  Park,  Cook KM 

Tlosft,  Ilancock W 

•'Hakllwa,  Barean N 

"nidd'a  T'olal.  KtiflbT C 

•Toledo,  (;uul^enand F. 

•  Tolono,  ChampklgQ K 

TdIuck,  Marahall G 

#Tomllaaoa,Champ*l|n...  K 

•Tonic*.  U  BaUe M 

•TonU,  MariOQ B 

•Toppka,  Mbk>d NW 

•Toulot.,Ki*rk C 

•TowandK,  McLeui 8W 

•Tftwer  Illll,  Bbelbr G 

Timer,  Cook If  B 

•  TVocy,  KankakM K 

•Tremont,  Taaewell C 

•  Trenton,  CUiitoD H 

Triffa'a  JftJI.  EfflnBhain....K 

•Trfua.  (:.>!« K 

•TrimblP,  Crawford ......  BK 

•  I'rlumph,  La  Balle N 

•TrtToll,  PfwrU V 

•  TroHtdale,  Jo  Datieaa.  NW 

•Troatnan,  Macon C 

•TrowbrtdBP,  Bhclby C 

#TTi>r.  MadlHon BW 

Trojf  (M-B-Inlli'l) 

•Troy  Ortivc  U.  dalle N 

•Trumbull,  White 8S 

Trmro,  Knox W 

•  TrutUrJitLtifKaua C 

Truxtom,  Diircau N 


POP.    Towi.      cxiniiTT.      noBz.     POP.     TOWS.      ODcarr.     imdi; 


TtTOOV  OTare,  MrHeniT' . . .  M 
•Tucker,  Xarkakeit I 

ftTurttr,  0|.<) W 
nUunor*.  IVwweU C 

•Tnonel  nill.  .Inbiuna 8 

m  Tunnel  SieiUt.JKTUf.  8W 

•Turner, Du  ptn NK 

rurntrPnrk.CtMk NB 

•Tiirptn,  Macon C 

•Tuieolm,  Pouglaa K 

TwM  //iTfa.  UBalle N 

•  Twin  urnvf,  Hclxao 0 

VdlDa,Kane N 

•  UUh  Ilenrr NW 

•  rfsry,  k.>ultrte U 

•  UUIn,  Pnlaakl ..8 

Uirich,  Moultrie C 

mUnlon,  Clark ..K 

•  f/fffoN.  MaaoD -..C 

•  Union.  Mrllriirr N 

Union  Ccntrr.CitiiittcrU'.d.  K 

•  UnlouUrovf.wlilKntda  WW 

•  Uftlti.i  Illll,  Kanhakee....R 

Unl»H  Point.  Union B 

Unicr  ffloc*  ror(tt,(k»ck.NE 

mtonvllle,  Maaaw H 

U  DitT.  Aleiander tt 

•  Upper  AIU>n,  Ma(llaiin..RW 
C^pprr  >1Jton;(M..M«dlaon8W 

•  Crbawa,  CtMUuptttn K 

•  Urw,  Adania W 

Uatlck.  WhlteaWe NW 

Uub,  warrpn W 

(/f(ra(aee  Baunw) 

•  UUck,  UKatle N 

Utopia,  Du  PaRC NR 

•  Valley CltfTPIke  W 

Van  Hurpn.1)eKalb N 

VanrlU  I'ottil,  MacouplD.BW 

•  Vnnilnlln,Kayp(te 8 

Vandtrcodk,  Vcmillloo K 

•  VanOrln,  Itureau N 

•  VanSittnbfrffSiOiHff.ViR 

•  Vanu,  Marahall <; 

Veoedy,  Washington U 

-«  Kmedy  Station,  WuhVn.S 

K^l,  Efflnithain 8 

•  Venice,  MadtaoQ 8W 

•  F<iilc<,  BalntCUlr HW 

•  r«nlre  A  CarondtUt  June, 
BiUnlCUjr, 8W 

•  Vera.  Fayette H 

•  VerCLunea,  Jackson 8 

•  Vennlllon  Grove,  Vennl*D£ 

•  VermlUon.  Ednr R 

VennllUonTllleTL*  Salle ....  N 

•  Vermont,  Fulton W 

Vernal,  Vermilion K 

•  Vernon,  Marlon 8 

•  Verona-  GrunJy H 

•  VeraaJlles,  Brown V 

•  Vevay  Park,  Camberlaiid.B 
ytaduei  JuHctiOH,  Cook. . NB 
Vlctoria,Knox W 

•  nr(or(<i,  Caaa W 

•  Vienna.  Johnson 8 

•  /llla  Grure,  Douglaa K 

•  Villa  Illdge.  Pulaaki 8 

Vniaa,  Crawford SB 

•  Vtnttantt,  Unloa ,..S 

•  VtoU,  Mercer NW 

•  VIrden,  Maroupln BW 

•  Vlrvlnla,  Casa w 

?rtrtintaJunctton.Cut..W 
UAn«ir,  McUonousn W 

Volo,  Lake NE 

•  VoorUea,  platt r. 

•  ru/can,  Monroe 8\« 

1Fa*oM.Plke W 


Wabaah.  Warna NB 

•  Wataak,  White 8R 

•Waddan'aUmre.fit'h'n  NW 

•  Wadawoith.  Lake.. 


.BW 


•  WadjrPrtr>.Htark, 

SVf.-Mnmaev,  MoiitRiifii«ry..U 
attnera  l^adlDn,  Jarkaoii.  B 

WakrnfM,  KIchland «K 

mWnlHfn.  Cook NR 

•  W  ■f'MWmCmiwtfrv.C'k.  Nl 

•  Waidmn.  Kankrtcei    R 

b'fti/-«,  itRlP H 

•  Walkor,  Macon C 

•  H'a/t^.  Will NR 

Wilkervllle,Orecni< W 

Wall,  Jefferwn B 

•  Wallace,  iMi  Kalb N 

K'nUira/fM,,  (am  lUpat^r). . 
WalU-Walla,CnmberIand..  B 

Wai'twain,  Ifenderaon W 

WahlDKfonl,  Will NR 

•  n'ninui,  linnau N 

•  Watnutllnxe.  M'Dou'h.  W 

•  Witnut  Hill,  Marlon 8 

•  Wit Inul  J unellor. Rama  V 

•  Walnut"    '      ,i:Urk....  K 
Wnlpiilc.  Itauillion 8 

•  Walsiivtile,  Hon1«r)mery..C 
WalUmhufBh,  Pop*- 8 

•  Walton,  l*e N 

Waliortboniugh,  tlallatlu.  .BB 

WanboT't  (unt  Alhlon) 

«kWau<U.  Madliou.. 

•  Wanii.  Madlaoii... 

•  Wanclla,  I>(tWUl v. 

•  H'dtvU.Satiit  Clair HW 

•  H'o*^  tfiilon 8 

•  W.r^ier.  Henry  HW 

•  Wamn,  Jo  Daikn  . . .  N  W 

•  WarTfn/turtt,  Uul>age..NR 

•  Warrensliun;,  Macon c 

•  Kara^nton.  Edmr.. K 

•  WarrcntonCfrnff.  I^ke.NR 

Warrent lltr,  Imraie NK 

%H'arrinfr».  Aleiander S 

•  Warsaw,  Lisurock ...W 

wanhunr,  w-.nroe BW 

•  H'(r*renAuri(.  Onrase.  .NB 
Wartrare,  .fihoson 8 

•  rt-uco.K<^^e N 

•  Waahburn.  Wiodford C 

•  Waahlnffton,  Taseweil C 

•«  Waah'gt'n  Hetffhtr,  Cook  NR 
yiuhinatan  Park.Cook.  .SS 

•  Wn(aKB.Knox W 

O  Wiilch  Fartorv,  Kane...,N 

•  Wn^rliMi,  Monroe BW 

•  Watertiian,  l>cKalti N 

•  Wati-ru.*  n,  K<«k  lal'u:'  N  W 


Wauconda.  LAke NK 

•  Wankesan.Lake....  NB 

•  Wauponse,  Grundy N 

•  Waverly.  Honran W 

Wartaod,  Schnylrr W 

•  Wayne,  nn!»a*;e NR 

U'dFtie,  Jarkaon S 

•  WayuaCltr.  Wsyne NR 

•  WaynesTlUe  DeWitl .C 

%Wmv*t  lint.  Union ..8 

•  Wtbb3.  Jffferwin ....& 

VVebU's  Hill.  Krankltn ' 

Wehntcr.  Hnnrock \ 

•  Wedroo.  U  Balle N 

•  Werciniaii.  Mcl^jin C 

•  Wtldon.  Co»k NB 

•  Welilon.  IH-Wlli C 


fvelllnftot),  Iruiuola. . 


TOW«. 


COUHTT.       tllDBX.       roP.      TOWV. 


»Weltun,  RnnRham H 
em,  Kankakee B 

Wenplel'iVD.  WlnnebMo. . .  M 

•  Wenona,  Marshall C 

•  irmfrftorlA,  Cook NB 

•  WMlev,  Tanwell O 

•  irMlitMiferifl(.BalrtcrniW 

•  WMt  Brooklyn.  l.ee M 

Wert  DIvlalon,  Conk NX 

Peal  ZJHNdM,  Kane N 

•  k>tlJiri^n,Kaoe H 

•  Wnat  Rnd.  Aallne 8 

Veatern  Saratos*.  U  nion ...  .8 

•  Wea  tern  Bprinn.  Cook..  NR 

•  Weatfleld.  Ciarl..., 


IFaai  Ham'd,  (ace  Ham'd.lnd. 
9WatHarQnnn,  Mason  NW 
mWatJnmdalf,  UuPage  NB 
Weat  Jeraey.BUrk ...C 

•  Weat  Unerty.  Jasper. . . .  8B 

•  Weat  MclIeLfy,  McHenrr  N 

•  Wut  Ma^wood,  Cook . .  N  B 

tWeai  NtxtfH,  Vermilion. .  B 
ral  ..Vorf  A/if  M,  (•«(:  Uak  Glen) 

•  Weston,  McLean C 

•  Weat  Polut.  Hancock . , . .  W 
Weatport,  Uwrence NB 

•  WeallUdie,  Dciglaa h 

Wt»t  lto$»lanil  S'ook NK 

•  WestBalem,  Kdwarda. ..  BB 
ireal  Sprinafltld,  BangainonC 

•  Weat  Union,  ClarL: R 

•  Wcatf  tile,  Vennllliin K 

•  Wftv'»  Croifff.  Veniill'nK 

•  Weat  York.  Crawford...  HR 

•  WeUUR,  Pulaski B 

WfOiket  0fltt.  (ae«  KewaDec) 

•  HVfae/.  Edmr R 

WbeaUaud.  Alexander 8 

•  Wheaton,  DuPairr. . . .  NK 

•  Wheaton,  ifandulph. . . .  BW 

•  Wheeler.  Jasper BK 

•  Wheeling,  Cook NK. 

Whltcfleld.  Bureau N 

•  White  Hall.  Greene W 

•White  He^tk,  I'latt G 

IfAlu //ouM,  Union 8 

White (tak.  itonlrjm.  rT....C 

•  WhiU  Oak,  BalntCUln  BW 
WiluOak  ?"!«(.  FBrctte...B 
Wblte  Oak  Sprlnc*.  llrown.W 
White  PIpwQ,  Whiteside.  NW 

W  lilts  Rock,  Ogle N 

tTAIM  U'llJoio,  Kendall N 

WMUev'M  Mu..  (sec  Kquallty) 
K'iemnn,(ae«  German  Valley) 
Wilbcrt  n,  Fayette 8 

•  WUbiirn,  Marshal C 

•  H'1/d^nki,  .SalUtClalr.SW 

•  IF  (flit.- Mil,  Cook KB 

Wlllard,  Aleiaa..*r r 

9WUtariU,  Cook NB 

WiUartU  Landing,  Union... 8 

•  WlUey.  CbriiUau C 

•  Wiuiamabunh,  Moultrie.  .C 

•  Wllllamsfleld.    vnoi W 

•  WIlllamsTtlU,  Hangamon.  C 

•  Willow.  Jo  Davlesa NW 

•  Willow  HID,  Juper BK 

•  Willow Spring*,  Cook.. 

•  Wllmrtle,  Cook 

•  Wilmington,  wni 

•  Wllsman,  '  -.  Sallp 

•  Wilson,  Llvl.iRHU)n 

Wtttontiutyh,  ruchlaud.. 
W*llaon'a.  Randolph 


.NB 


.8W 


iS 


iruwn'a  iSicitck,  KandolptiB  W 


COtrsTT 


iKMt  ; 


wittoa  Center.  Will 

•  Wlnct<e«t«r.  *-•  >> 
Witidom,  Washlnk"'  !i 

•  Windaor,  Rheltif 

•  WlndaorPark.  i  4 
Wine  Hill,  Kaoilih.- 

•  WlnAeld,  Dulv 

•  Wlng,UvlMgfit.M. 

•  Wlni>ebftgo,  Wii>[,.t4k: 

•  Wlnnetka,C<x>' 

•  H'lttsfiir,  Cunitx  r  „,  1 

•  Wlnslow.8ti<ii|i<'iib,.< 
WInierruwd,  KmiiK'i«rii 
Winlera- Joliau<«.  ., 

•  WlretoD,  Cook  . 

•  Witt,  Monigon- r»  . 
woburn.  Bond  ... 

•  Wolcott,l>r<irU. 
WoirCreek,  Wlllia'M.,n 
•Wolf  lake,  Uiii.,n    .  . 

»Woir;  KeudslI 
olfs  Crosalrg,  Win 
Wolnb  Mlllf,  l{r.r<lin 

•  Womar,  Macnupm 

•  WoodML.'.  JoIlailrM 
Woodburn,  MarniitDo    

•  Woodbury,  (  umtif rltsd  r 

•  Woodford.  W<Hidf(inl.      '  ' 

•  WDodhnll,Hcur).    .. 

•  Woudiand,  ImquoK 

•  Wood  Lar-n,  Jc't'.ii 

•  WoodlawB  Park,  ( <Kik 

•  iroorffl.  Madls>iii..    .. 

•  Woodalde,  Santcntin.ti 

•  WoodaoD,  MoTjian  

•  Woodatovk.  Mi  lirnr 

•  Woodvlllit  Ailiins.... 
Wwdwonh.  Iroqui.li... 
Woody,  tireene 

•  Wood  Vord,  KdKsr 

Wool,  i'ope 

•  Wooanng,Oi(le 

•  Worden.  MadUo 

•  WortJi.  Cook 

WraytllK  Itork  Islinrl.  , 

9  Wricht-Voln 

WriffAMfJrorc.Co.jk.  , 
-WrIghUvllle,  Greene,.. 


^  I 


w  ^i/ckttt.Mutm 

W-aooa«,  Itlchlan'l .   ..  . 

•Wyoming.  Btark 

•  Xenta.C)ar 

?Yalfl,  JasiM-r 
ankeoHollow.  Joi'iMi 
Vank-eti.wn.  Woodftii-i  , 
YanUsvllle.  Shelby 


i'atftrUls,  Morgan _ 

r  Yellow  Creek,  Stc[>lirot'n  Ml 
ocA,8alnt  Clair ^■  " 

York,  CUrk l 

Vorktown,  Burpsu      .        n 

•  Yorkvllle.  Kruilall      V 

•  roungblooit.  Momn      * 

•  Yonngadali',  Kane  \ 

•  Youngatowo,  Wanra     ^ 
Yulon,   McLean ( 

•  ZfirAary,  Clinton : 

•  ZanrerU/e.  MoDtgiiinFrT  .'■ 

9larleyi,wni Ki 

Zenobia,  Banganioo .  a 

Zir.  Wayne S! 

:;ion,  Carroll Hi 

Lion  Staiion.  tsee  Maud). 

■Zulu,  Warren 1 

Zwrna,  Hock  Uland Ni 


WW.        COTJNTT.       lirt,,!  j 

ItoQ  Crater.  Win 
iVInctintor,  Sn.r 
Dilom,  Wui)inKi.>ii 
rindior,  8h«lhj 
VlnrlMrPark.  i  •ii 
IS  mil,  lUail<>i|4> 
riDflelil.  Dul't^:,. 
iriOK,  Livtnnbm. 
Hniietago,  Winiiiln 
^Innrtkft,  Cooh 
)nnilow,V.amUr\i„ 
niiilow.  Sb-pht'tiMit 
lUrrowd-KmiiKhtii 
ilere-  Ju  Divlrw. 
'In>b>n.  iUmk 
r\tu  Mtinwuniiry''. 
ttlirn,  IloDd  .... 
^olco(i,I'Mrl4.. 
irCrr^lc.  WlUliniio*,       ,  . 
folflaue.  Union  ..  .  '  i  I 
'o/r«,Keudtll,.  .       *  -  ■ 
fi  CroHlPg,  Wjii. 
nb  IitlllP,llf.rain.. 
'otrmr,  Micoiipiu 

NiburD.  MKroii)>iii 

-!^?"7',V"""'"''l»'"i  t  .' 
'oodfoni.  WiMHiriiril  i  ' 
'oodhnll,  llriir)  "'\j 
OMlliliil.  IriiiiKiu  '  '  I 
't>odUr-n.J<'-r;n'  ] 
QodlavoPirk,  ( .>.,),  \t 
'oodM,  Madlsi.ii  jv 

'oiHltlde,6aii|{Mii»,i]  c 
oodwo.  Murpari  > 

roodntock,  Millinrr  *  . 
oodvllht  Adiiii*....  I  I 
■dwnnh,  Iroquoli...  .  1 1 
nIj,  OiTCiii^..,.  f  I 

'uo4  rard,Sagft'.'."' 

>},  l'oi>r 

ooRung.  Ogle 

ordeii,  Mwtbo. si  1 

nrth.  Cook V|  I 

TTlUf.  ItoPttlsiind..!!!  I 

rtffALColM I  I 

a hU(f rot*,  CooV \i  I 

rlfhUvllle,  Orwnt,..  " 

ytar*,  Bumu 

IfciUt.Mteon 

loow,  nichlud.  .. 

)omlD(r.SUrk 

!ni»,CUr 

ita,  J&MiMT 

l(Mi  Hollow,  JolhiM'i 
k?et(i<ft-a.  Woodtoril 

Uivllle.  Slielbv 

ktMCItv.  Knox t  I 

■  Ijiiidluff, rulMkl..    .  *  I 

■trillf,  Klorgan «  l 

How  rref  k,  SteptifDi'n  mI 

»,hBlnl  flair *,»  f 

I,  CUrk I 

[town,  Burriu    ,  « 

irkvtllt*.  Kfutlili  N 
tungblrmtl,  Morvin  t 
iiin|[idili>.  Kane  S 

>uDK*UiwD.  Warrrn     n 

in,  McLean r 

lAflri/,  Cllnloo s 

nettillf.  Monuomen'  I 

rUgt,mil N£ 

biB.8aiipunoi) I'  _ 

Vtjue SI  I 

,  Carroll HW  I 

SlaUon,  (K«  MiDd). 

l»,WirreD 1  , 

d,  Koeklflud Nf  I 


t;i[ 


m 


IK;!;., 


M:M 


('  (l'  '1' 


IS;:' 


^Qj 


i1 


'^« 


1 

4"-     "^ 

>•     o 

r 

T'     . 

r 

ait^JTiirk    -* 

3 

-iiitii  H-' 
■;>ni|fUV 

0^1 

finw 

^1 

W:h1ci9B0 

r^7^ 

^i)<Je-r5i 

TW.'"^    ~- 

■^,r.'^.- 

^1 

^/  '0 

■•^ir^r^ 

^^i 

M 

,^.,\^ 

\   J 

^ 

h 

tree 

^ 

VKlTTtTITr 

^^: 

'\<■l^* 

^/■^ 

>A^     

■/c 

'  '  X 

'  '1' 

U\.oa     nJ\ 

.^li 

jWelli  k-i.n 

-Xp 

r 

1 

.illl 
^1 


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PRGfRGG. 


iA^ 
^fe 
'i?». 


II 


"^~^<\  HERE  is  a  decided  tendency  to  move  fonvard  in 
this  world  and,  in  fact,  it  has  become  a  necessity, 
if  one  would  keep  abreast  of  the  times.  Though 
not  always  expressed,  the  thought  which  lies 
back  of  action  in  these  closing  Nineteenth  Cen- 
tury da3's  is  to  make  the  most  of  opportunities; 
in  other  words,  to  become  educated  in  the  various 
schools  which  the  world  affords,  and  to  gain 
such  knowledge  from  sources  which  bring  about  the  best  results 
with  the  least  expenditure  of  time  and  labor. 

No  amount  of  assurance  will  enable  a  publisher  of  the  pres 
ent  day  to  stem  the  tide  of  popular  opinion,  and  force  upon  the 
people  a  work  which  is  lacking  in  merit,  simply  by  claiming  he 
has  the  best  the  market  affords.     He  must  prove  it. 

While  it  is  impossible  to  bring  before  the  reader,  in  this 
connection,  more  than  a  synopsis  of  our  publication — "The 
White  City  " — we  desire  to  briefly  cover  its  most  prominent  fea- 
tures :  As  its  name  implies,  it  has  been  brought  down  to  the 
present  period,  and  has  an  important  connectioii  with  the  "event" 
of  this  century — the  Columbian  Exposition.  Thirty  volumes 
constitute  the  Series,  in  which  the  States  and  Territories  find 
representation — the  larger  and  older  Commonwealths  occupyinj^ 
a  volume  each. 

The  history  of  the  State — or  Territory — occupies  first  place, 
and  includes  its  Resources  and  Industries,  Important  Societies 


PRKFACK. 


Charities  and  a  chapter  devoted  to  its  connection  with  the 
World's  Fair,  the  authors  being  well-known  writers,  and  capable 
of  presenting  the  subject  in  a  most  comprehensive  and  attractive 
manner.  Then  follows  a  brief  sketch  of  the  District  of  Colum- 
bia, with  which  each  State  and  Territory  is  connected  through 
its  representatives  in  Congress ;  which  is,  in  turn,  succeeded  b}^ 
the  biographies  of  the  Presidents  of  the  United  States,  setting 
forth,  in  addition  to  the  life,  the  most  important  events  of  each 
administration. 

The  Commonwealths  have  been  invit;.'d,  through  their  Na- 
tional and  State  Commissioners,  to  contribute  such  statistics, 
etcetera,  as  will  be  of  interest  at  this  particular  time,  as  well  as 
of  future  value.  A  similar  request  has  been  extended  to  everj^ 
Church  organization  represented  in  our  land;  while  the  Young 
Men's  Christian  Association,  Women's  Christian  Temperance 
Union,  Grand  Army  of  the  Republic  and  other  Societies  have 
also  been  solicited  to  co-operate  with  us  in  a  work  which  will  be 
of  untold  benefit  to  the  States,  severally  and  collectively.  We 
need  not  particularize  where  such  information  has  not  been 
furnished  us,  or  has  been  received  too  late  for  publication ;  such 
State  volume  speaks  for  itself 

Thirty  full-page  half-tone  engravings  illustrate  the  text  of 
each  State  History,  not  includi:ig  the  fourteen  most  important 
b;'ildings  of  the  Exposition;  the  District  of  Columbia  is  likewise 
])i<:torially  represented  by  its  chief  attractions,  while  the  portraits 
of  the  Presidents  form  a  highly  valuable  and  interesting  acces- 
sion to  the  work.  Our  State  Map  will  also  be  appreciated,  being 
brought  down  to  the  present,  and  combining  useful  data  un- 
necessary to  specify  in  this  connection.. 

A  di.jtinctive  feature  of  our  publication  is  the  Department  de- 
voted to  the  most  prominent  Exhibits,  and  we  need  scarcely 
mention  that  it  is  one  of  the  most  valuable,  since  to  the  attendant 
upon  the  Columbian  Exposition,  it  is  an  encyclopedia  of  refer- 
ence, and  to  one  deprived  of  the  privilege  of  a  persona.1  visit,  it 
affords  more  practical   information  than   could  othenvise  be  ob- 


s     ■ 

I  lit 


l§ 


III,, 


VRKKACK. 

tained  by  months  of  laborious  stud}' ;  the  illustrated  pages,  pro- 
duced by  our  own  artists  for  this  publication,  alone,  lending  a 
charm  to  what  might  become  monotonous  if  the  old-time  methods 
were  here  employed.  A  Classified  List  covers  such  exhibits  as 
are  not  included  in  this  Department. 

W'e  trust  we  shall  not  be  considered  guilty  of  egotism  wlien 
we  claim  for  "The  White  City"  a  most  prominent  place  anions 
the  publications  of  the  day.  It  has  received  the  endorsement  of 
Governors  of  the  States,  and  the  WorkVs  Fair  Commissioners 
have  spoken  words  of  highest  commendation.  By  the  appraise- 
ment of  the  people  we  are  now  willing  to  abide,  believing  that 
the  substantial  character  of  the  work,  latest  and  most  valualjlc 
information  and  choice  illustrations,  cannot  but  meet  the  ap- 
proval of  all  who  give  it  an  unprejudiced  perusal. 


;  I  I ! 


nistopv  of  Illinois. 

CHAPTER   T. 
INTRODUCTORY. 

IMPORTANCE  OF   STATE   HISTORY     -"THE    ILLINOIS    COrXTRV  " 

-    ORIGIN    OF   THE    NAME    —TOPOGRAPHY,    SOIL,    CLIMATE 

AND    NATURAL    PRODUCTIONS. 

CORRECT  understcandiug  of  the  history  of 

the  States  is  necessary  in  order  to  more 

I.     fnlly  comprehend  and  illnstrate  the  history 

■"  of  the  Nation  of  which  the  several  States, 

by    tlicir   nnion,    form    constituent  parts. 

The  original   States,  indeed,  as    political 

divisions,  are  older  than  the  Union  and  each  of  them, 

in  their  early  struggles  for  existence  and  autonomy, 

■''fT     as  well  as  many  of  the  Territories  of  a  later  period,  have 

evolved  a  history  as  full  of  romantic  interest  as  it  is  of 

political  and  moral  instruction. 

The  greater  part  of  the  territory  which  was  siibscquently 
organized  into  the  State  of  Illinois  was  known  and  attracted 
eager  attention  from  the  nations  of  the  old  world — especiall}'  in 
France,  Germany  and  England— before  the  close  of  the  third 
quarter  of  the  seventeenth  centur3^  More  than  one  hundred 
years  before  the  struggle  for  American  Independence  began  or  the 
geographical  division  known  as  the  "  Territorj-  of  the  Northwest " 
had  an  existence ;  before  the  names  of  Kentuckj',  Tennessee, 
Vermont  oi'  Ohio  had  been  heard  of,  and  while  the  early  settlers 
of  New  England  and  Virginia  were  still  struggling  for  a  foothold 
among  the  Indian  tribes  on  the  Atlantic  coast,  the  "  Illinois 
Country  "  occupied  a  place  on  the  maps  of  North  America  as 
distinct  and  definite  as  New  York  or  Pennsvlvania.      And  from 


lO 


THK   WHITE   CITV        IMJNOIS. 


*'iW 


0 


1 


^Hiilil 


I 


that  time  forward,  until  it  assumed  its  position  in  the  Union  uith 
tlie  rank  of  a  State,  no  other  section  has  been  the  theatre  of  moix' 
momentous  and  stirrin}:(  events  or  has  contributed  more  material, 
affording  interest  and  instruction  to  the  archre()U)gist,  the  ethnol- 
ogist and  the  historian,  than  that  portion  of  the  American  Conii- 
nent  now  known  as  the  "  State  of  Illinois." 

What  was  known  to  the  earl}-  French  explorers  and  their 
followers  and  descendants,  for  the  ninety  years  which  intervened 
between  the  discoveries  of  Joliet  and  LavSalle,  down  to  the 
surrender  of  this  region  to  the  English,  as  the  "  Illinois  Country," 
IS  described  with  great  clearness  and  definiteness  by  Caj)!. 
Philip  Pittnum,  an  English  engineer  who  made  the  first  survey 
of  the  Mississippi  River  soon  after  the  transfer  of  the  French 
possessions  east  of  the  Mississippi  to  the  British,  and  wli>) 
published  the  result  of  his  observations  in  London  in  1770.  In 
this  report,  which  is  evidently  a  work  of  the  highest  authenticity, 
and  is  the  more  valuable  because  written  at  a  transition  period 
when  it  was  of  the  first  importance  to  preserve  and  hand  down 
the  facts  of  early  French  history  to  the  new  occupants  of  the  soil, 
the  boundaries  of  the  "Illinois  Country"  are  defined  as  follows: 

"  The  Country  of  the  Illinois  is  bounded  by  the  IMississippi 
on  the  west,  by  the  river  Illinois  on  the  north,  by  the  Ouabache 
and  Aliamis  on  the  east  and  the  Ohio  on  the  south."  * 

From  this  it  is  evident  that  the  country  lying  between  the 
Illinois  and  the  Mississippi  Rivers  to  the  west  and  northwest  of 
the  former  stream,  was  not  regarded  as  a  part  of  the  "Illinois 
Country,"  and  this  agrees  generally  with  the  records  of  the  early 
French  explorers,  except  that  tliey^  regarded  the  region  which 
comprehends  the  site  of  the  present  city  of  Chicago — the  im- 
portance of  which  appears  to  have  been  appreciated  from  the  first 
as  a  connecting  link  between  the  Lakes  and  the  upper  tributaries 
of  the  rivers  falling  into  the  Gulf  of  Mexico — as  belongiui^' 
thereto. 


■"  "Tile  ])resent  stale  of  the  Kiiropeaii  Settlemeiils  on  the  Mississi])])i,  with  a  Geo.^rapl 
ical  description  of  that  River  by   Capt.  I'hilip  Pittman,    London,    printed  for  J.  Noursr 
Book-seller  to  his  Majesty,  1770."  ♦ 


IM.INOIS — INTRODUCTORY. 


I  I 


The  "Country"  appears  to  have  derived  its  n.'aiie  from  ///////, 
;i.  word  of  Algonquin  origin,  signifying  "the  men,"  enpheniized 
by  the  French  into  ////«/ with  tlic  suffix  c;/.s-,  signifying  "tribe". 
The  root  of  the  term,  applied  botii  to  the  country  and  the  Indians 
occupying  it,  has  been  still  further  defined  as  "  a  perfect  man  " 
(Haines  on  "  Indian  Names"),  and  the  derivative  has  been  used 
by  the  French  chroniclers  in  various  forms  though  always  with 
the  same  signification — a  signification  of  which  the  earliest 
claimants  of  the  appellation,  as  well  as  their  successors  of  a 
different  race,  have  not  failed  to  be  duly  proud. 

It  was  this  region  which  gave  name  to  the  vState  of  which 
it  constituted  so  large  and  important  a  part.  Its  boundaries, 
so  far  as  the  Wabash  and  the  Ohio  Ri.ers  (as  well  as  the 
Mississippi  from  the  Ohio  to  the  moiith  of  tlie  Illinois)  are  con- 
cerned, are  identical  with  those  given  to  the  "  Illinois  Country  " 
by  Pittman.  The  State  is  bounded  on  the  north  b}'  Wisconsin  ; 
on  the  east  by  Lake  Michigan,  the  State  of  Indiana  and  the 
Wabash  River ;  southeast  by  the  Ohio,  flo  .ving  between  it  and 
the  State  of  Kentucky ;  and  west  and  southwest  by  the  Mississippi, 
which  separates  it  from  the  States  of  Iowa  and  Missouri.  A 
peculiarity  of  the  Act  of  Congress  defining  the  boundaries  of  the 
vState,  is  the  fact  that,  wdiile  the  jurisdiction  of  Illinois  extends 
to  the  middle  of  Lake  Michigan  and  also  of  the  channels  of  the 
Wabash  and  the  Mississippi,  it  stops  at  the  north  bank  of  the 
Ohio  River ;  this  seems  to  have  been  a  sort  of  concession  on 
the  part  of  the  framers  of  the  Act  to  our  proud  neighbors  of  the 
"Dark  and  Bloody  Ground."  Geographically,  the  State  lies 
between  the  parallels  of  36°  59'  and  42°  30'  north  latitude,  and 
the  meridian  of  10°  30'  and  14°  of  longitude  west  from  the  city  of 
Washington.  From  its  extreme  southern  limit  at  the  mouth  of 
the  Ohio  tc  the  Wisconsin  boundar}'  on  the  north,  its  estimated 
length  is  385  miles,  with  an  extreme  breadth,  from  the  Indiana 
State  line  to  the  Mississippi  River  at  a  point  between  Quincy 
and  Warsaw,  of  218  miles.  Owing  to  the  tortuous  course  of  its 
river  and  lake  boundaries,  which  comprise  about  three-fourths  of 


12 


Till-    WMITK   CITV  —  ILLINOIS. 


I'".. •'•11 


liiil 


I'i 


!  \\m 


the  whole,  its  physical  outline  is  extremely  irrcij^uliir.  Between 
the  limits  described,  it  has  an  estimated  area  of  56,650  square 
miles,  of  which  650  sqiuire  miles  is  water — the  latter  beiui^ 
chiefly  in  Lake  Michig;in.  This  area  is  more  than  one  and  one 
half  times  that  of  all  New  Kng-land,  Maine  being  excepted,  and 
is  greater  than  that  of  any  other  State  east  of  the  Mississipj)], 
except  Michigan,  Georgia  and  Florida — Wisconsin  lacking  oni\ 
a  few  hundred  square  miles  of  the  same. 

When  these  figures  are  taken  into  account  some  idea  may 
be  formed  of  the  magnificence  of  the  domain  comprised  within 
the  limits  of  the  State  of  Illinois — a  domain  larger  in  extent 
than  that  of  England,  more  than  one-fourth  of  that  of  all 
France  and  nearly  half  that  of  the  British  Islands,  including 
Scotland  and  Ireland.  The  possibilities  of  such  a  country,  pos- 
sessing a  soil  uncqualcd  in  fertility,  in  proportion  to  its  area,  b}' 
any  other  State  of  the  Union,  and  with  resources  in  agriculture, 
manufactures  and  commerce  unsurpassed  in  any  countr}-  on  the 
face  of  the  globe,  transcend  all  huuian  conception. 

Lying  betwt  en  the  Mississippi  and  its  chief  eastern  tribu- 
tary, the  Ohio,  with  the  Wabash  on  the  east  and  intersected 
from  northeast  to  southw^est  by  the  Illinois  and  its  numerous  af- 
fluents, and  with  no  mountainous  region  within  its  limits,  Illi- 
nois is  at  once  one  of  the  best  watered,  as  well  as  one  of  the 
most  level  States  in  the  U:iion.  Besides  the  Sangamon,  Kanka- 
kee, Fox  and  Des  Plaines  Rivers,  chief  tributaries  of  the  Illinois, 
and  the  Kaskaskia  draining  the  region  between  the  Illinois  and 
the  "Wabash,  Rock  River,  in  the  northwestern  portion  of  the 
State,  is  most  important  on  account  of  its  valuable  water-pov/er. 
All  of  these  streams  were  regarded  as  na\'iguble  for  some  sort  of 
craft,  during  at  least  a  portion  of  the  year,  in  the  earh'  history  of 
the  country,  and  with  the  magnificent  Alississippi  along  the  whole 
western  border,  gave  to  Illinois  a  larger  extent  of  na\  "gable 
waters  than  that  of  any  other  single  State.  Although  practical 
navigation  is  now  limited  to  the  Mississippi,  Illinois  and  Ohio — 
making  an  aggregate  of  about    1,000  miles — the  importance   of 


ILLINOIS — IXTRODUCTOKV. 


13 


the  smaller  streams,  when  the  people  were  depeiideiit  almost 
wholly  upon  some  means  of  water  eommunication  for  the  trans- 
portation of  heavy  commodities  as  well  as  for  travel,  could  not 
be  o\cr-estimated,  and  it  is  not  without  its  effect  upon  the  pro- 
ductiveness of  the  soil,  now  that  water  transportation  has  given 
place  to  railroads.  The  whole  number  of  streams  shown  upon 
the  best  maps  exceeds  2S0. 

In  physical  confonnation  the  surface  of  the  State  presents 
the  aspect  of  an  inclined  plane  with  a  moderate  descent  in  the 
trcneral  direction  of  the  streams  toward  the  south  and  south- 
west. Cairo,  at  the  extreme  southern  end  of  the  State  and  the 
point  of  lowest  depression,  has  an  elevation  above  sea-level  of 
about  300  feet,  while  the  altitude  of  Lake  Michigan  at  Chicago 
is  583  feet.  The  greatest  elevation  is  reached  at  Scale's  Mound 
in  the  northwestern  part  of  the  State — about  820  feet — while  a 
spur  from  the  (~)zark  Mountains  of  Missouri,  projected  across  the 
southern  part  of  the  State,  rises  in  Jackson  county  to  a  height  of 
over  500  feet.  South  of  this  ridge,  the  surface  of  the  country 
between  the  Ohio  and  Mississippi  Rivers  was  originally  covered 
witli  dense  forests.  These  included  some  of  the  most  valuable 
species  of  timber  for  lumber  manufacture,  such  as  the  different 
varieties  of  oak,  walnut,  poplar,  ash,  sugar-maple  and  cypress, 
besides  elm,  linden,  hickory,  honey-locust,  pecan,  hack-berry, 
cotton-wood,  sycamore,  sassafras,  black-gum  and  beech.  The 
native  fruits  included  the  persimmon,  wild  plum,  r-ape  and  paw- 
paw, with  various  kinds  of  berries,  such  as  black  berries,  rasp- 
berries, strawberries  (in  the  prairie  districts)  and  some  others. 
Most  of  these  native  growths  were  found  along  the  streams  far- 
ther north  except  the  cypress,  beech,  pecan  and  a  few  others. 

:\  peculiar  feature  of  the  conntr}-,  in  the  middle  and  north- 
ern portion  of  the  State  which  excited  the  amazement  of  early 
explorers,  was  the  vast  extent  of  the  prairies  or  natural  meadows. 
The  origin  of  these  has  been  attributed  to  various  causes,  such 
as  some  peculiarity  of  the  soil,  absence  or  excess  of  moisture,  re- 
cent upheaval  of  the  surface  from  lakes  or  some  other  bodies  of 


14 


TIIK    WIHTK   CITY — ILLINOIS. 


^liliLill 


I 


iiiiM' 


I 


ill 


water,  the  action  of  fires,  etc.  In  many  section.s  there  sccnis  lit- 
tle to  di.stinjfiiish  the  soil  of  the  prairie.s  from  that  of  the  adjactiit 
woodlands,  that  may  not  be  accounted  for  by  the  character  of 
their  vegetation  and  other  causes,  for  the  lu.xuriant  j.>;rowth  of 
native  jj^rasses  and  other  productions  has  demonstrated  that  they 
do  not  lack  in  fertility,  and  the  readiness  with  which  trees  take 
root  when  artificially  propagated  and  protected,  has  shown  that 
there  is  nothinjj^  in  the  soil  itself  unfavoral)le  to  their  jj;rowtli. 
Whatever  may  have  been  the  original  cause  of  the  prairies,  how- 
ever, there  is  no  doubt  that  annually  occurrinj»^  fires  have  had 
much  to  do  in  perpetuating  their  existence  and  even  extendiiijj 
their  limits,  a;;  the  ab.sencc  of  the  same  agent  has  tended  to  faxor 
the  encroachments  of  the  forests.  While  originally  regarded  a.s 
an  obstacle  to  the  occupation  of  the  country  by  a  dense  popula- 
tion, there  is  no  doubt  that  their  existence  has  contributed  to  its 
rapid  development  when  it  was  disci  ivered  with  what  ea.sc  tlicsc 
apparent  wastes  could  be  subdued  and  how  productive  they  were 
capable  of  becoming  when  once  brought  under  cultivation. 

In  spite  of  the  uniformity  in  altitude  of  the  State  as  a  whole, 
many  sections  present  a  variety  of  surface  and  a  mingling  of 
plain  and  woodland  of  the  most  pleasing  character.  This  is 
especially  the  case  in  some  of  the  prairie  districts  where  the 
undulating  lam'  oape  covered  with  rich  herbage  and  brilliant 
tiowers  miisi  /lave  presented  lo  the  first  explorers  a  scene  of 
ravishing  beauty,  which  has  been  enhanced  rather  than  dimin- 
ished in  recent  times  bj^  the  hand  of  cultivation.  Along  some  of 
the  streams  also,  especially  on  the  upper  Mississippi  and  Illinois, 
and  at  some  points  on  the  Ohio,  is  found  scenery  of  a  most 
picturesque  variety. 

From  this  description  of  the  country'  it  will  be  eas}'  to  infer 
what  must  have  been  the  varieties  of  the  animal  kingdom  which 
here  found  a  home.  These  included  the  buffalo,  various  kinds 
of  deer,  the  bear,  panther,  fox,  wolf  and  wild-cat,  while  swans, 
geese  and  ducks  covered  the  lakes  and  streams.  It  was  a  ver- 
itable paradise  for  game,  both  iaTg.  and  small,  and,  as  well,  for 


ILLINOIS — INTKODI'C'TOKV. 


15 


their  ti;iti\t'  liuiitfrs.  "One  can  scarcely  travel,"  wrote  one  of 
the  earliest  priestly  explorers,  "without  findinjr  a  prodij^Mous 
niultitiule  of  turkeys,  that  keep  together  in  flocks  often  to  the 
number  of  ten  hundrec'."  Beaver,  otter  and  mink  were  found 
alouj;  tl'.c  streams.  Most  of  these,  especially  the  larj^cr  species 
of  J^^'lmc,  have  disappeared  before  the  tide  of  civilization,  but  the 
smaller,  such  as  quail,  prairie  chicken,  duck  and  the  different 
varieties  of  fish  in  the  streams,  protected  by  law  durinjj^  certain 
seasons  of   the  year,  continue  to  exist  in  considerable  numbers. 

The  capabilities  of  the  soil  in  a  rejj^ion  thus  situated  can  be 
readily  understood.  In  proportion  to  the  extent  of  its  surface, 
Illinois  has  a  larger  area  of  cultivable  land  than  any  other  vState 
ill  the  Union,  with  a  .soil  of  superior  quality,  much  of  it  unsur- 
passed in  natural  fertility.  This  is  especially  true  of  the 
"American  Bottom,"  a  region  extending  a  distance  of  ninety 
miles  along  the  east  bank  of  the  Mississippi,  from  a  few  miles 
below  Alton  nearly  to  Chester,  and  of  an  average  width  of  five 
to  eight  miles.  This  was  the  seat  of  the  first  permanent  white 
.settlement  in  the  Mississippi  Valley,  and  portions  of  it  have  been 
under  cultivation  from  one  hundred  to  one  hundred  and  fifty  j'cars 
without  exhaustion.  Other  smaller  areas  of  scarcely  less 
fertility  are  found  both  upon  the  bottom-lands  and  in  the  prairies 
in  the  central  portions  of  the  States. 

Extending  through  five  and  one-half  degrees  of  latitude, 
Illinois  has  a  great  variety  of  climate.  Though  subject  at  times 
to  sudden  alternations  of  temperature,  these  occasions  have  been 
rare  since  the  country  has  teen  thoroughly  .settled.  Its  mean 
average  fcr  a  series  of  years  has  been  48°  in  the  northern  part  of 
the  State  and  56°  in  the  southern,  differing  little  from  other 
States  upon  the  same  latitude.  The  mean  winter  temperature  has 
ranged  from  25°  in  the  north  to  34°  in  the  south,  and  the  sum- 
mer mean  from  67°  in  the  norlh  to  78 '  in  the  south.  The  extreme 
winter  temperature  has  seldom  fallen  below  20°  below  zero  in  the 
.lorthern  portion,  while  the  highest  summer  temperature  ranges 
from  9_s°  to  102°.     The  average  difference  in  temperature  between 


Ill 


:i:l! 


I 

|;l!  hi 


9 

isJ'iil''' 

.■li'll' 

m 


i6 


THE    WHITE   CITY  —  H.LIXOIS. 


the  northern  and  southern  portions  of  the  State  is  about  io°,  and 
the  difference  in  the  progress  of  the  seasons  for  the  same  sections, 
from  four  to  six  weeks. 

Sucli  a  wide  variet}-  of  clin\ate  is  favorable  to  the  production 
of  nearly  all  the  grains  and  fruits  peculiar  to  the  temperate  zone. 
These  belong  to  the  period  of  development  and  will  be  enunicv 
ateci  under  the  head  of  "  Industries."  j^B 


II 

m: 


MP 


t' 


/*i/!?fll!l'lfllll'|l'P 


<M'\. 


JiMAmMmtimuMtmimmimmmat 


\m 


llliiio 


CHAPTER  II. 
EARLY  EXPLORATIONS. 

[discoveries   of  JOLIET,  MAROUETTE   AN'O  la  SALLE  —  SAD  FATE 
OF  THE  LATTER  —  HENRV  DE  TOXTV  —  THE  INDIAN  CON- 
FEDERATION  AT   "  STARVED   ROCK." 

p:=z::^HREE  powers  early  became  coiitestaiits  for  the 
occupancy   of    the   North    American    Coutineut. 
The  first   of  these  was   Spain,  claiming  on  the 
ground  of  the  discovery  by  Columbus ;  England, 
basing  her  claim  upon  the  discoveries  of  the  Ca- 
bots,  and  France,  maintaining  her  right  to  a  con- 
siderable part  of  the  continent  by  virtue  of  the  dis- 
covery and  exploration  by  Jacques  Cartier  of  the 
[Gulf  and  River  St.  Lawrence,  in  1534-5,  and  the  settlement  of 
Quebec  by  Champlain   sevent\'-four  years  later.     The  claim    of 
Spain  was  general,  extending  to  both  North  and  South  America, 
and  while  she  early  established  her  colonies  in  Mexico,  Cuba  and 
[Peru,  the  country  was  too  vast  and  her  agents  too  busy  seeking 
[for  gold  to  interfere  materially  with   her  competitors. 

The  Dutch,  Swedes  and  Germans  established  small  though 
[flourishing  colonies,  but  they  were  not  colonizers  nor  were  they 
[numerically  as  strong  as  their  neighbors,  and  their  settlements 
[were  ultimately  absorbed  by  the  latter.  Both  the  Spaniards  and 
I  French  were  zealous  in  proselytnig  the  aborigines,  but  while 
(the  former  did  not  hesitate  to  torture  their  victims  in  order  to  ex- 
tort their  gold  while  claiming  to  save  their  souls,  the  hitter  were 
I  more  gentle  and  beneficent  in  their  policy  and  by  their  kindness 
I  succeeded  in  winning  and  retaining  the  friendship  of  the  Indians 


•  ^MiritMtgi 


18 


THK    WHITK   CITY  —  ILLINOIS. 


.4.  ^m 


in  a  remarkable  degree.  They  were  traders  as  well  as  mission- 
aries, and  this  fact  and  the  readiness  with  which  they  adapted 
themselves  to  the  habits  of  those  whom  they  found  in  possession 
of  the  soil,  enabled  them  to  make  the  most  extensive  explorations 
in  small  numbers  and  at  little  cost,  and  even  to  reniani  for 
unlimited  periods  among  their  aboriginal  friends.  On  the  other 
hand,  the  English  were  artisans  and  tillers  of  the  soil  with  a  due 
proportion  engaged  in  connnerce  or  upon  the  sea,  and  while  they 
were  later  in  planting  their  colonies  in  Virginia  and  New 
England,  and  less  aggressive  in  the  work  of  exploration,  tliey 
maintained  a  surer  foothold  on  the  soil  when  they  had  once 
established  themselves.  To  this  fact  is  due  the  permanence  and 
steady  growth  of  the  English  colonies  in  the  New  World  and  the 
virtual  dominance  of  the  Anglo-Saxon  race  over  more  than  five- 
sevenths  of  the  North  American  Continent — a  result  which  has 
been  illustrated  in  the  history  of  every  people  that  has  made 
agriculture,  manufactures  and  legitimate  commerce  the  L,  sis  of 
their  prosperity. 

The  French  explorers  were  the  first  Europeans  to  visit  the 
"Country  of  the  Illinois,"  and  for  nearly  a  century  they  and 
their  successors  and  descendants  held  undisputed  possession  of 
the  country,  as  well  as  the  greater  part  of  the  Mississippi  Valley. 
It  is  true  that  Spain  put  in  a  feeble  and  indefinite  claim  to  this 
whole  region,  but  .ihe  was  kept  too  busy  elsewhere  to  make  her 
claim  good,  and  in  1763  sh^  relinquished  it  entirely  as  to  tlie 
Mississippi  Valley  and  west  to  the  Pacific  Ocean,  in  order  to 
strengthen  herself  elsewhere. 

There  h;  a  peculiar  coincidence  in  the  fact  that,  while  the 
English  colonists  who  settled  about  IVIassachusetts  Bay  named 
that  region  "  New  England,"  the  French  gave  to  their  pos.sessions 
from  the  St.  Lawrence  to  the  mouth  of  the  Mississippi,  the  name 
of  "New  France,"  and  the  Spaniards  called  all  the  region 
claimed  by  them,  extending  from  Panama  to  Puget  Sound, 
"New  Spain."  The  boundaries  of  each  were  verj^  indefinite  and 
often  conflicting,  but  were  settled  by  the  treaty  of  1763. 


ILLINOIS —  KARLY    EXPLORATIONS. 


19 


As  early  as  1634,  Jean  Nicolet,  coming  by  way  of  Canada, 
discovered  Lake  Michigan — then  called  by  the  French,  "  Lac  des 
Illinois" — entered  Green  Bay  and  visited  some  of  the  tribes  of 
Indians  in  that  region.  In  1641  zealons  missionaries  had 
reached  the  Falls  of  St.  Mary  (called  by  the  French  "Sault  St, 
Marie"),  and  in  1658  two  French  fur-traders  are  alleged  to  ha'e 
penetrated  as  far  west  as  "La  Pointe"  on  Lake  Superior,  where 
they  opened  up  a  trade  with  the  Sioux  Indians  and  wintered  in 
the  neighborhood  of  the  Apostle  Islands  near  where  the  towns  of 
Ashland  and  Bajiield,  Wisconsin,  now  stand.  A  few  years  later 
(1665),  Fathers  Allouez  and  Dablon,  French  missionaries,  visited 
the  Chippewas  on  the  southern  shore  of  Lake  Superior,  and 
missions  were  established  at  Green  Bay,  Ste.  Marie  and  La 
Pointe.  About  the  same  time  the  mission  of  St.  Ignace  was 
established  on  the  north  shore  of  the  »Straits  cf  Mackinaw 
(spelled  by  the  French  "Michillimacinac").  It  is  also  claimed 
that  a  French  traveller  named  Radisson  during  the  year  1658-9 
reached  the  upper  Mississippi,  antedating  the  claims  of  Joliet 
and  Marquette  as  its  discoverers  by  fourteen  years.  Nicholas 
Perrot,  an  intelligent  chronicler  who  left  a  manuscript  account  of 
his  travels,  is  said  to  h^ve  made  extensive  explorations  about  the 
head  of  the  great  lakes  and  as  far  south  as  the  Fox  River  of 
Wisconsin,  between  1670  and  1690,  and  to  have  held  an  impor- 
tant conference  with  representatives  of  numerous  tribes  of  In- 
dians at  Sault  Ste.  Marie  in  June,  1671.  Perrot  is  also  said  to 
have  made  the  first  discovery  of  lead  mines  in  the  West. 

Up  to  this  time,  however,  no  white  man  appears  to  have 
reached  the  "  Illinois  Country,"  though  much  had  been  heard  of 
its  beauty  and  its  wealth  in  game.  On  May  17,  1673,  Louis 
Joliet,  an  enterprising  explorer  who  had  already  visited  the  Lake 
Superior  region  in  search  of  copper  mines,  under  a  commission 
from  the  Governor  of  Canada,  in  company  with  Father  Jacques 
Marquette  and  five  voya^cnrs^  with  a  meagre  stock  of  provisions 
and  a  few  trinkets  for  trading  with  the  natives,  set  out  in  two 
birch-bark  canoes  from  St.  Ignace  on  a  tour  of  exploration  south- 


.■•Mutt^iKitmtmmigMmmim^ 


20 


THE  WHITE   CITY  —  ILLINOIS. 


ward.  Coa.stini(  along  the  west  shore  of  Lake  Michigan  and 
Green  Bay  and  throngh  Lake  Winnebago,  they  reached  tliu 
country  of  the  Mascontins  on  Fox  River,  ascended  that  stream  to 
the  portage  to  the  Wisconsin,  then  descended  the  latter  to  the 
Mississippi  which  the}'  discovered  on  June  17th.  Descending  the 
Mississippi,  which  they  named  "Rio  de  la  Conception,"  they 
passed  the  mouth  of  the  Dcs  Moines,  where  they  are  supposed  to 
have  encountered  the  first  Indians  of  the  Illinois  tribes,  by  whom 
they  were  hospitably  entertained.  Later  they  discoveiod  a  nule 
painting  upon  the  rocks  on  the  east  side  of  the  river,  which  from 
ihe  description  is  supposed  to  have  been  the  famous  "  Piasa  Bird," 
which  was  still  to  be  seen,  a  short  distance  above  Alton,  within  tlie 
present  generation.  Passing  the  mouth  of  the  Missouri  River 
and  the  present  site  of  the  city  of  St.  Louis,  and  continuing  past 
the  Ohio,  they  finally  reached  what  Marquette  called  the  village 
of  the  Akanseas,  which  has  been  assumed  to  be  identical  with  the 
mouth  of  the  Arkansas,  though  it  has  been  questioned  whether 
they  proceeded  so  far  south.  Convinced  that  the  Mississippi 
"  had  its  mouth  in  Florida  or  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,"  and  fearing 
capture  by  the  Spaniards,  the}'  started  on  their  return.  Reaching 
the  mouth  of  the  Illinois,  they  enterered  that  stream  and  ascended 
past  the  village  of  the  Peorias  and  the  "Illinois  town  of  the 
Kaskaskias" — the  latter  being  about  where  the  town  of  Utica,  La 
Salle  Count}',  now  stands — at  each  of  which  they  made  a  brief  sta}-. 
Escorted  by  guides  from  the  Kaskaskias,  they  crossed  the  portage 
to  Lake  IMichigan  where  Chicago  now  stands,  and  returned  to 
Green  Bay,  which  they  reached  in  the  latter  part  of  September. 

Such  is  the  record  of  the  first  visit  of  white  men  to  tiie 
"Country  of  the  Illinois." 

Joliet  returned  to  Canada  to  report  the  success  of  his  expe- 
dition, while  Marquette,  who  had  been  much  enfeebled  by  disease 
and  his  journey,  after  recruiting  for  a  year  at  the  St.  Xavier  Mis- 
sion on  Green  Bay,  set  out  in  the  latter  part  of  October,  1674, 
with  two  companions  to  reLurn  to  the  village  of  the  Kaskaskias 
on  the  Illinois.     Early  in  December  they  reached  the  mouth  of 


ILLINOIS —  KARLY    EXPLORATIONS. 


21 


the  Chicago  River,  which  they  found  frozen  over.  Marquette  was 
ah-eady  prostrated  by  illness,  and  being  unable  to  proceed,  his 
companions  built  a  cabin  for  him,  as  supposed  on  the  south  branch 
about  six  miles  from  the  mouth  of  the  river,  where  he  spent  the 
winter.  His  journal,  which  was  discovered  some  fifty  years  ago, 
makes  mention  of  visits  received  from  the  Indians  with  presents 
of  provisions.  He  appears  also  to  have  been  visited  by  a  trader 
and  surgeon  who  had  already  established  themselves  in  the  vicin- 
ity. In  April,  1675,  he  reached  the  village  of  the  Kaskaskias 
and  established  a  mission  which  he  named  "The  Immaculate 
Conception."  His  stay,  however,  was  brief  Forced  by  ill-health 
to  abandon  his  mission,  he  attempted  to  return  to  Canada  by  the 
eastern  shore  of  Lake  Michigan.  Having  reached  Sleeping  Bear 
Point,  nearh"  opposite  the  St.  Xavier  ^Mission,  the  voyairrHrs  wei'e 
compelled  by  a  ston'.  to  suspend  their  journey.  Here  he  died 
and  was  buried.  A  3'ear  later  a  band  of  Ottawa  Indians,  who  had 
the  greatest  reverence  for  the  self-denying  missionary,  exhumed 
liis  remains,  and  taking  them  to  the  St.  Ignace  Mission,  the}- 
were  reinterred  beneath  the  chapel  with  impressive  ceremonies, 
in  which  both  the  French  and  Indians  took  part. 

The  next  and  most  important  expedition  to  Illinois — impor- 
tant because  it  led  to  the  first  permanent  settlements — was  under- 
taken b}^  Robert  Cavelier,  Sieur  de  La  Salle,  in  1679.  This  eager 
and  intelligent,  but  finally  unfortunate,  discoverer  had  spent  sev- 
eral years  in  exploration  in  the  lake  region  and  among  the 
streams  south  of  the  lakes  and  west  of  the  Alleghanies.  It  has 
been  claimed  that,  during  this  tour,  he  descended  the  Ohio  to  its 
j miction  with  the  Mississippi ;  also  that  he  reached  the  Illinois  by 
way  of  the  head  of  Lake  Michigan  and  the  Chicago  portage, 
and  even  descended  the  Mississippi  to  the  36th  parallel,  ante-dat- 
ing Marquette's  first  visit  to  that  stream  by  two  years.  The  chief 
authority  for  this  claim  is  Pierre  Mprgry,  La  Salle's  biographer, 
who  l)ases  his  statement  ostensibly  on  conversations  with  La  Salle 
and  letters  of  his  friends.  The  absence  of  any  allusion  to  these 
discoveries  in  La  Salle's  own  papers  of  a  later  date  addressed  to 


-'^■j':>i!Fw#  'UtmmmmuMt 


22 


THH   WHITK   CITY  —  IIJ.IXOIS. 


I 
1 

if: 


iJiLiilJiilli 


'if 

'11  i  I 


the  King,  is  regarded  as  fatal  to  this  claim.  However  this  iiuiv 
have  been,  there  is  conclusive  evidence  that,  during  this  period, 
he  met  with  Joliet  while  the  latter  was  returning  from  one  of  liis 
trips  to  the  Lake  Superior  country.  With  an  imagination  fired 
by  what  he  then  learned,  he  made  a  visit  to  his  native  country, 
receiving  a  liberal  grant  from  the  French  Government  which  en- 
abled him  to  carry  out  his  plans.  With  the  aid  of  Henry  dc 
Tonty,  an  Italian  who  afterward  accompanied  him  in  his  most 
important  expeditions,  and  who  proved  a  most  valuable  and  effi- 
cient co-laborer,  under  the  auspices  ofFrontenac,  then  Governor 
of  Canada,  he  constructed  a  small  vessel  at  the  foot  of  Lake  Erie, 
in  which,  with  a  compau}'  of  34  persons,  he  set  sail  on  the  se\^iitli 
of  August,  1679,  for  the  West.  This  et;-el  (named  the  "G'/v/- 
/?;//")  is  believed  to  have  been  the  first  sailing-vessel  that  ever 
navigated  the  lakes.  His  object  was  to  reach  the  Illinois,  and  he 
carried  with  him  material  for  a  boat  which  he  intended  to  put  to- 
gether on  that  stream.  Arriving  in  Green  Bay  early  in  Septem- 
ber, by  way  of  Lake  Huron  and  the  straits  of  Mackinaw,  he 
disembarked  his  stores  and  loading  the  Griffon  with  furs,  started 
it  on  its  return  with  instrtictions,  after  discharging  its  cargo  at 
the  starting  point,  to  join  him  at  the  head  of  Lake  Michigan. 
With  a  force  of  seventeen  men  and  three  missionaries  in  four 
canoes,  he  started  southward,  following  the  western  shore  of  Lake 
Michigan  past  the  mouth  of  the  Chicago  River,  on  November  1st, 
and  reached  the  mouth  of  the  St.  Joseph  River,  at  the  southeast 
corner  of  the  Lake,  which  had  been  selected  as  a  rendezvous. 
Here  he  was  joined  by  Tonty,  three  weeks  later,  with  a  force  of 
twenty  Frenchmen  who  had  come  by  the  eastern  shore,  but  the 
Griffon  never  was  heard  from  again,  and  is  supposed  to  have  been 
lost  dn  the  return  voyage.  While  waiting  for  Tonty,  he  erected  a 
fort,  aftenvard  called  Fort  Miami.  The  two  parties  here  united, 
and,  leaving  four  men  in  charge  of  the  fort,  with  the  remain- 
ing thirty-three,  he  resumed  his  journey  on  the  third  of  Decem- 
ber. Ascending  the  St.  Joseph  to  about  where  South  Bend  now 
stands,  he  made  a  portage  with  his  canoes  and  stores  across  to  the 


%  head' 

J  ( )n  tl 

I  the  K 

■I 


ILLINOIS —  KARLY    EXPLORATIONS. 


23 


headwaters  of  the  Kankakee  which  he  descended  to  the  Illinois. 
On  the  first  of  Jannary  he  arrived  at  the  great  Indian  town  of 
tlie  Kaskaskias,  which  Marquette  had  left  for  the  last  time  nearly 
five  years  before,  but  he  found  it  deserted,  the  Indians  being  ab- 
sent on  a  hunting  expedition.  Proceeding  down  the  Illinois,  on 
January  4,  1680,  he  passed  through  Peoria  Lake  and  the  next 
morning  reached  the  Indian  village  of  that  name  at  the  foot  of 
the  lake,  and  established  friendl}-  relations  with  its  people.  Hav- 
ing determined  to  set  up  his  vessel  here,  he  constructed  a  rude 
fort  on  the  eastern  bank  of  the  river  about  four  miles  south  of  the 
village ;  with  the  exception  of  the  cabin  built  for  Marquette  on 
the  South  Branch  of  the  Chicago  River  in  the  winter  of  1874-5, 
this  was  probably  the  first  structure  erected  by  white  nieii  in  Il- 
linois. This  received  the  name  Crcvc-Camr — "Broken  Heart" 
which,  from  its  subsequent  history,  proved  exceedingl}'  appro- 
priate. Having  dispatched  Father  Louis  Hennepin  with  two 
companions  to  the  L^pper  Mississippi,  by  wa}'  of  the  mouth  of  the 
Illinois,  on  an  expedition  which  resulted  in  the  discovery  of  the 
Falls  of  St.  Anthonj^,  L^^  Salle  started  on  his  return  to  Canada  for 
additional  assistance  and  the  stores  which  he  had  failed  to  receive 
in  consequence  of  the  loss  of  the  Griffon.  Soon  after  his  depar- 
ture, a  majority  of  the  men  left  with  Tonty  at  Fort  Creve-Ccviir 
nuitinied,  and  having  plundered  the  fort,  partially  destroj-ed  it. 
This  compelled  Tout}'  and  five  companions  who  had  remained 
true,  to  retreat  to  the  Indian  village  of  the  Illinois  near  " Star\ed 
Rock,"  between  where  the  cities  of  Ottawa  and  La  Salle  now 
stand,  where  he  spent  the  summer  awaiting  the  return  of  La 
Salle.  In  September,  Tonty's  Indian  allies  having  been  attacked 
and  defeated  by  the  Iroquois,  he  and  his  companions  were  again 
compelled  to  flee,  reaching  Green  Bay  the  next  Spring,  afcei  hav- 
ing spent  the  winter  among  the  Pottawatomies  in  the  present 
State  of  Wisconsin. 

During  the  next  four  years  (1681-1683)  La  Salle  made  two 
other  visits  to  lUitiois,  encountering  and  partially  avercoming 
formidable  obstacles  at  each  end  of  the  journey.     At   the  last 


24 


Till-:    VVIIITH    CITV  —  ILLINOIS. 


;!i  ! 


■1,  'nil 


lih(i 


%m 


m 


:|,;iii! 


I   i 


I 

Up 

•      I'M 


visit,  in  company  with  the  fnithful  Tonty,  whom  he  had  met  ;it 
Mackinaw  in  the  sprinjj^  of  i68i,  after  a  separation  of  more  than  a 
year,  he  extended  liis  exploration  to  the  month  of  tlie  Mississipj)!, 
of  which  he  took  formal  possession  on  April  9,  1682,  in  the  name 
of  "Lonis  the  Grand,  King  of  France  and  Navarre."  This  was 
the  first  expedition  of  white  men  to  pass  down  the  great  river  and 
determine  the  problem  of  its  discharge  into  the  Gnlf  of  Mexico. 

Retnrning  to  Mackinaw,  and  again  to  Illinois,  in  the  fall  of 
1682,  Tonty  set  abont  carrying  into  effect  La  Salle's  scheme  of 
fortifying  "The  Rock,"  to  which  reference  has  been  made  under 
the  name  of  "  Starved  Rock."  The  buildings  are  said  to  have 
include:!  store-houses  (it  was  intended  as  a  trading  post),  dwell- 
ings and  a  block-house  erected  on  the  summit  of  the  rock,  and  to 
which  the  name  of  "Fort  St.  Louis"  was  given,  while  a  village  of 
confederated  Indian  tribes  gathered  about  its  base  on  the  south, 
which  bore  the  name  of  La  Vantuin.  Accorriing  to  the  historian, 
Parkman,  the  population  of  this  colony  in  the  da3's  of  its  greatest 
prosperity  was  not  less  than  20,000. 

La  Salle's  future  history  was  as  romantic  as  his  final  fate  was 
tragical.  Returning  to  Canada  in  the  fall  of  1683,  he  met  on  the 
way  a  new  commandant  sent  to  displace  him  in  Illinois.  Con- 
tinuing his  journey  to  France,  he  was  there  entrusted  with  the 
execution  of  a  plan  to  establish  a  colony  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Mississippi — sailing  from  Rochelle  in  the  mid-summer  of  1684, 
with  a  fleet  of  four  vessels  carrying  nearly  ^oo  colonists.  After 
various  delay's,  it  entered  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  bu  failed  to  find  the 
mouth  of  the  Mississippi.  Dissension  arose  between  La  Salle 
c'ld  the  sailing-master  of  the  fleet;  one  vessel  was  captured  l)y 
Spaniards;  another  stranded  on  the  Gulf  coast,  while  the  master 
of  the  fleet  sailed  away  with  the  third,  for  France,  leaving  La  Salle 
and  his  fellow-voj'agers  on  the  fourth,  to  their  fate.  Landing  on 
the  shore  of  what  has  since  been  named  Matagorda  Ba}',  in  the 
present  State  of  Texas,  he  erected  a  fort.  Reduced  to  great 
destitution  two  years  after  (January,  1687)  he  started  with  a 
portion  of  his  followers  for  Canada.     Reaching  the  bank  of  the 


:ii'-. 


ILLINOIS  —  EARLY    KXI'LORATlOXvS. 


35 


Trinity  River,  he  was  imirdcrcd  by  some  of  his  own  men,  on 
March  19,  1687,  closing  the  career  of  one  of  the  most  brilliant 
and  intrepid  explorers  the  world  has  ever  known.  His  death  was 
jiartially  avenged  by  the  killing  of  the  leaders  of  the  conspiracy  a 
few  days  after. 

Dnring  the  previons  year,  Tonty  had  descended  the  Miss- 
issippi in  search  of  La  Salle,  and  returning,  bnilt  a  fort  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Arkansas,  leaving  six  men  in  charge.  Here  a 
portion  of  the  survivors  of  La  Salle's  party,  including  his  brother 
Cavelicr,  his  nephew  and  one  Joutel,  arrived  in  the  summer,  of 
16S7,  and  in  September  following  reached  F  )rt  St.  Louis, 

Tonty  retained  his  headquarters  at  Fort  vSt.  Louis  for  eight- 
een years,  during  which  he  made  extensive  excursions  through- 
out the  West.  The  proprietorship  of  the  fort  was  granted  to 
him  in  1690,  but  in  1702  it  was  ordered  by  the  Governor  of  Can- 
ada to  be  discontinued  on  the  plea  that  the  charter  had  been 
violated.  It  continued  to  be  used  as  a  trading-post,  however,  as 
late  as  17 18,  when  it  was  raided  by  the  Indians  and  burned.  De- 
prived of  his  command,  Tonty  entered  the  service  of  Iberville, 
who  founded  the  first  colony  in  Louisirna  in  1700.  In  reference 
to  this  rf.niarkable  man,  who  proved  so  efficient  and  faithful  an 
aid  to  La  Salle  in  all  his  great  undertakings,  the  following  ex- 
tract from  Moses'  "  History  of  Illinois  "  is  worthy  of  quotation, 
at  least  for  its  romant'c  interest: 

"According  to  the  Indian  tradition,  which,  although  of 
doubtful  authenticity,  is  more  in  harmony  with  the  romantic  and 
poetic  life  of  the  old  explorer,  at  the  close  of  a  day  in  the  mid- 
sunnner  of  1718,  he  once  more  arrived  at  Fort  St.  Louis  in  a 
canoe  paddled  by  two  faithful  followers.  His  hair  frosted  by 
many  years  of  exposun^,  enfeebled  in  body,  forsaken  bj^  those 
whom  he  had  befriended,  he  returned  at  last  to  the  familiar  scene 
of  his  former  triumphs  Avhere,  his  last  hours  consoled  by  the 
ministrations  of  his  church,  his  valiant  spirit  passed  away. 
Brave,  generous  and  true,  no  man  contributed  more  to  the  ad- 
vancement of  trade  and  the  occupation  of  the  "  Illinois  Country  " 


26 


TUl',    WIIITF,   CITV 


II.F.INOIS. 


■■I'  'If: 


$ 

M 


|:j||]|i|| 


ut  this  curly  period  than  tlic  poorly  requited  Chevalier  Henry  dc 
Tonty." 

Haviiiji;  lost  ii  hand  in  battle,  Tonty  carried  one  made  of 
copper,  which  j^ave  him  the  name  of  "the  iron-handed." 

Other  explorers  who  were  the  contemporaries  or  early  suc- 
cessors of  Marquette,  Joliet,  La  »Salle,  T(Mity,  Henne])in  and 
their  companions  in  the  Northwest,  and  many  of  whom  aiv 
known  to  have  visited  the  "Illinois  Country,"  and  pnibably  all 
of  whom  did  so,  were  Daniel  Orcysolon  du  Lhut  (called  b}'  La 
Salle,  du  Luth),  a  cousin  of  Tonty,  who  was  the  first  to  reach 
the  Mississippi  directly  from  Lake  Superior,  and  from  whom  the 
city  of  Duluth  has  been  named;  Henry  Joutel,  a  townsman  of 
La  Salle,  who  was  one  of  the  survivors  of  the  ill-fated  NLitagorda 
Bay  colony;  Pierre  Lc  Sueur,  the  discoverer  of  c  Minnesota 
River,  and  Baron  la  Hontan,  who  made  a  tour  gh    Illinois 

in  i6<S8-9,  of  Avhich  he  published  an  account  in  1703. 

Chicago  River  early  became  a  prominent  point  in  the  es- 
timation of  the  PVench  explorers  and  was  a  favorite  line  of  travel 
in  reaching  the  Illinois  by  way  of  the  Des  Plaines,  though  prob- 
ably sometimes  confounded  with  other  streams  about  the  head  of 
the  lake.  The  Calumet  and  Grand  Calumet,  allowing  easy  port- 
age to  the  Des  Plaines,  were  also  used,  and  the  St.  Joseph  from 
which  portage  was  had  into  the  Kankakee,  were  probably  parts 
of  the  route  first  used  b}-  La  Salle.  The  admiration  excited  in 
the  minds  of  the  explorers  by  their  discoveries  is  indicated  in 
the  fact  that  the  name  which  they  sometimes  attached  to  both 
the  Des  Plaines  and  the  Illinois,  as  well  as  the  countrj-  about  the 
head  of  Lake  IMichigan,  was  "The  Divine." 


iiiiji 


mm 
m 


|(i!!l 


CHAPTER  III. 
ABORIGINES  AND  EARLY  MISSIONS. 

IahorIGIN.'KL    occupants     of    THK     soil  —  K.\RI.V     FRENCH    MIS- 
SIONS   ON     THE     UPPER     ILLINOIS     AND     AT     CAHOKIA 

AND    KASKASKIA. 

HEN  the  early  French  explorers  ar- 
rived in  the  "Illinoi.s  Conntry"  they 
found  it  occnpied  b}-  a  nnmber  of 
tribes  of  Indians,  the  most  nnmeroiis 
being  the  "Illinois,"  which  consisted 
of  several  families  or  bands  that  spread  them- 
selves over  the  conntr}-  on  both  sides  of  the 
""Illinois  River,  extending  even  west  of  the  Miss- 
issippi; the  Piankashaws  on  the  east,  extending  bc3'ond  the 
present  western  bonndary  of  Indiana,  a;id  the  Miamis  in  the 
iiiorl.hcast,  with  whom  a  weaker  tribe  called  the  Weas  were  allied. 
The  Illinois  confederation  inclnded  the  Karkaskias,  Peorias, 
Cahokias,  Tamaroas  and  Mitchigamies — the  last  being  the  tribe 
from  which  Lake  Michigan  took  its  name.  There  seems  to  have 
been  a  general  drift  of  some  of  the  stronger  tribes  toward  the 
outh  and  east  about  this  time,  as  Alloncz  represents  that  he 
found  the  Miamis  and  their  neighbors,  the  Mascoutins,  about 
;Green  Bay  when  he  arrived  there  in  1670.  At  the  same  time, 
[there  is  evidence  that  the  Pottawatomies  were  located  along  the 
tliern  shore  of  Lake  Superior  and  about  the  Sault  St.  Marie 
now  known  as  *'The  Soo"),  though  within  the  next  fifty  j'ears 
Ithey  had  advanced  southward  along  the  western  shore  of  Lake 


■sou 


Illinois. 


87 


(    ..mitmmmiiimm 


28 


THE   WHITE   CITY  —  ILUXOIS. 


(1^^ 


iiii'^;' 


Michigan  until  they  reached  where  Chicago  now  stands.  Other 
tribes  from  the  north  were  the  Kickapoos,  Sacs  and  Foxes,  and 
Winncbagoes,  while  the  Shawnees  were  a  branch  of  a  stron\,a'r 
tribe  from  the  southeast.  Charlevoix,  who  wrote  an  account  of 
his  visit  to  the  "Illinois  Country"  in  I72i,sa3's:  "Fifty  years  ago 
the  Miamis  were  settled  on  the  southern  extremity  of  Lake 
Michigan,  in  a  place  called  Chicago  from  the  name  of  a  small 
river  which  runs  into  the  lake,  the  source  of  which  is  not  far 
distant  from  that  of  the  River  Illinois."  It  does  not  follow 
necessarily  that  this  was  the  Chicago  River  of  to-day,  as  the 
name  appears  to  have  been  applied  somewhat  indefinitely,  by  the 
early  explorers,  both  to  a  region  of  country  between  the  head  of 
the  lake  and  the  Illinois  River,  and  to  more  than  one  stream 
emptying  into  the  lake  in  that  vicinity.  It  has  been  conjectured 
that  the  river  meant  by  Charlevoix  was  the  Calumet,  as  his 
description  would  apply  as  well  to  that  as  to  the  Chicago,  and 
there  is  other  evidence  that  the  Miamis  who  were  found 
about  the  mouth  of  the  St.  Joseph  River  during  the  eighteenth 
century,  occupied  a  portion  of  Southern  Michigan  and  Northern 
Indiana,  extending  as  far  east  as  the  Scioto  River  in  Ohio. 

All  of  these  tribes  (except  the  Winnebagoes)  are  assigned  to 
the  Algonqiiin,  or  Canadian  family,  who  were  generally  friendly 
to  the  French.  On  the  other  hand,  the  Iroquois,  who  were  lo- 
cated south  of  the  lakes  and  about  the  headwaters  of  the  Ohio, 
were  the  deadly  foes  of  the  French  and  of  their  aboriginal 
friends,  the  Algonquins,  as  shown  by  their  attacks  upon  the  Illin- 
ois Indians  about  "  Starved  Rock,"  as  recited  in  the  last  chap- 
ter. From  the  first,  the  Illinois  seem  to  have  conceived  a  stroni;; 
liking  for  the  French,  and  being  pressed  by  the  Iroquois  on  the 
east,  the  Sacs  and  Foxes,  Pottawatomies  and  Kickapoos  on  the 
north  and  the  Sioux  on  the  west,  by  the  beginning  of  the  eight- 
eenth century  we  find  them  much  reduced  in  numbers  gathered 
about  the  French  settlements  near  the  mouth  of  the  Kaskaskia 
(or  Okaw)  river,  in  the  western  part  of  the  present  counties  of 
Randolph,  Monroe  and  St.  Clair.     In  spite  of  the  zealous  efforts 


*A  native  lea( 
as  those  of  the  Nc 
vSallc's  visits  to  th 
zealous  friend  of  t 
cover  what  the  Fr 
of  the  Northwest 
held  l)v  the  Engli 
feat.  Tliis  ended 
later,  he  remaiiiei 
Kpriii,irof  1769,  ac 
ill  a  carousal  at  C; 
kaskia  In<lian,  sai 
\Villianison,  to  co 
aveiii,re.,l  a  few  mo 
'•■I  N'antuni  and  " 
atliiked  party,  all 


ILLINOIS — ABORIGINES   AND   2ARLY   MISSIONS. 


29 


of  the  missionaries,  the  contact  of  these  tribes  with  the  whites 
was  attended  with  the  nsual  results — demoralization,  degrada- 
tion and  gradual  extermination.  The  latter  result  was  hastened 
by  the  frequent  attacks  to  which  they  were  exposed  from  their 
more  warlike  enemies,  so  that  by  the  latter  part  of  the  eight- 
eenth century,  they  were  reduced  to  a  few  hundred  dissolute 
and  depraved  survivors  of  a  once  vigorous  and  warlike  race. 

During  the  early  part  of  the  French  occupation,  there  arose 
a  chief  named  Chicagou  (from  whom  the  city  of  Chicago  re- 
ceived its  name)  who  appears,  like  Red  Jacket,  Tecumseh  and 
Logan,  to  have  been  a  man  of  unusual  intelligence  and  vigor  of 
character,  and  to  have  exercised  great  influence  with  his  people. 
In  1725  he  was  sent  to  Paris,  where  he  received  the  attentions 
clue  to  a  foreign  potentate,  and  on  his  return  was  given  a  com- 
mand in  an  expedition  against  the  Chickasaws,  who  had  been 
making  incursions  from  the  South. 

Such  was  the  general  distribution  of  the  Indians  in  the 
northern  and  central  portions  of  the  State,  within  the  first  fifty 
years  after  the  arrival  of  the  French.  At  a  later  period  the 
Kickapoos  advanced  farther  south  and  occupied  a  considerable 
share  of  the  central  portion  of  the  State,  and  even  extended  to 
the  mouth  of  the  Wabash.  The  southern  part  was  roamed  over 
by  bands  from  beyond  the  Ohio  and  the  Mississippi,  including 
the  Cherokees  and  Chickasaws,  and  the  Arkansas  tribes,  some 
of  whom  were  very  powerful  and  ranged  over  a  vast  extent  of 
country.* 

*A  native  leader  who  exerted  a  powerful  influence  over  the  Illinois  Indians,  as  well 
as  those  of  the  Northwest  generallj',  nearly  a  hundred  years  after  Marquette's  and  La 
Sally's  visits  to  the  country,  was  Pontiac,  the  famous  chief  of  the  Ottawas.  He  was  a 
zealous  friend  of  the  French,  and  between  1759  and  1765  made  a  des'ierate  eflbrt  to  re- 
cover what  the  French  had  lost  at  Quebec  in  the  fonner  year.  He  organized  the  Indians 
of  the  Northwest  into  a  confederation  and  succeeded  in  capturing  nearly  all  the  jwsts 
held  by  the  English,  except  Detroit  and  Fort  Pitt,  where  he  was  conijielled  to  accept  de- 
feat. This  ended  wliat  was  known  as  "  Pontiac's  War."  Coming  to  Illinois  .some  years 
later,  he  remained  about  the  FVench  settlements  in  the  vicinity  of  St.  Louis.  In  the 
.spring  of  1769,  according  to  a  French  authority,  while  participating  with  other  Indians 
in  a  carousal  at  Cahokia  '^opposite  St.  Louis),  he  was  treacherously  aasassinated  by  «i  Kas- 
kaskia  Indian,  siiid  to  have  been  hired  with  a  barrel  of  whisky  by  an  Englishman  named 
Williamson,  to  connuit  the  deed.  This  act,  according  to  Indian  tradition,  was  fearfully 
avenged  a  few  months  later  in  an  attack  by  the  Pottawattomies  upon  th"  ancient  village  of 
La  Vantum  and  "  Starved  Rock,"  the  latter  then  receiving  its  name  froi.'  the  fate  of  the 
attacked  party,  all  of  whom  are  said  to  have  perished  except  a  half-breed. 


!  ^■t'Mhl  vft»..WAi»ffBli 


30 


THK    WHITI-;    CITY 


ILLIXOIS. 


'^1 


The  Pottawatoiuies,  with  their  relatives,  the  Ottawas  and 
the  Chippewas,  together  with  a  remnant  of  the  Shawnecs, 
nltimatcly  became  dominant  in  Northern  Illinois,  nntil  they 
were  defeated  by  Gen.  Anthony  Wayne  at  Presque  Isle,  in  1794, 
when  the  treat}'  of  Greenville  with  them  and  other  tribes  the 
following  year,  cnrbed  their  influence.  The  Illinois  Indians  were 
described  by  their  friends,  the  early  missionaries,  as  "  tall  of 
stature,  strong,  robust,  the  swiftest  runners  in  the  world  and 
good  archers,  proud  yet  affable,"  and  yet  it  wa,''  added,  they  wtr 
"idle,  revengeful,  jealous,  cunning,  dissolute  and  thiovish." 

The  earliest  civilized  dwellings  in  Illinois,  after  the  forts 
erected  for  purposes  of  defense,  were  undoubtedly  the  posts  of 
the  fur-traders  and  the  niissionar}^  stations.  Fort  j\Iianii,  the 
first  military  post,  established  by  La  Salle  in  the  winter  of 
1679-S0,  was  at  the  month  of  the  St.  Joseph  River  within  the 
boundaries  of  what  is  now  the  State  of  IVIichigan.  Fort  Crcrc- 
Cceur^  partially  erected  a  few  months  later  on  the  east  side  of  the 
Illinois  a  few  miles  below  where  the  cit}-  of  Peoria  now  stands. 
was  never  occupied.  Mr.  Charles  Ballance,  the  historian  of 
Peoria,  locates  this  fort  at  the  present  village  of  Wesley,  in  Taze- 
well County,  nearly  opposite  Lower  Peoria.  Fort  St.  Louis, 
built  by  Tont\'  on  the  summit  of  "  Starved  Rock,"  in  the  fall 
and  winter  of  1682,  was  the  second  erected  in  the  "Illinois 
Country,"  but  the  first  occupied.  It  has  been  claimed  that  Mar- 
quette established  a  mission  among  the  Kaskaskias,  opposite 
"The  Rock"  on  the  occasion  of  his  finst  visit  in  September, 
1673,  and  that  he  renewed  it  in  the  spring  of  1675  when  he 
visited  it  for  the  last  time.  It  is  doubtful  if  this  mission 
was  more  than  a  season  of  preaching  to  the  natives,  celebrating 
mass,  administering  baptism,  etc.;  at  least  the  story  of  uii 
established  mission  has  been  denied.  That  this  devoted  ar.d 
zealous  propagandist  regarded  it  as  a  mission,  however,  is  evi- 
dent from  his  own  journal.  He  gave  to  it  the  name  of  the 
"  Mission  of  the  Immaculate  Conception,"  and  although  he  was 
compelled  by  failing  he?ilth  to  abandon  it  almost  immediately,  it 


ILLINOIS — ABORIGINKS   AND   KARLY   MISSIONS. 


31 


is  claimed  that  it  was  renewed  in  1677  ^3'  Father  Alloiicz/^'  who 
had  been  active  in  founding  missions  in  the  Lake  Superior 
a\i;i()ii,  and  that  it  was  maintained  until  the  arrival  of  La  Salle 
in  16S0.  The  hostility  of  La  Salle  to  the  Jesuitsledto  Allouez' 
withdrawal,  but  he  subtrequently  returned  and  was  succeeded  in 
16SS  by  Father  Gravier,  whose  labors  extended  from  Mackinaw 
to  Biloxi  on  the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  He  spent  some  time  among 
the  Pcorias  previous  to  1700,  and  while  laboring  among  the  lat- 
"ter,  at  a  still  later  period,  he  received  a  wound,  in  an  attack  in- 
cited by  the  "medicine  men,"  from  which  he  died  at  ]\Iobile  in  1 706. 

There  is  evidence  that  a  mission  had  been  established  among 
the  Miamis  as  earh'  as  1698,  under  the  name  "  Chicago,''  as  it  is 
mentioned  by  St.  Cosme  in  the  report  of  his  visit  in  1699-1700. 
This,  for  the  reasons  alread}-  given  showing  the  indefinite  use 
made  of  the  name  Chicago  as  applied  to  streams  about  the  head 
of  Lake  Michigan,  probabU*  referred  to  some  other  localit}'  in 
the  vicinit}',  and  not  to  the  site  of  the  present  cit}  of  Chicago. 
Even  at  an  earlier  date  there  appears,  from  a  statement  in 
Tont}-'s  Memoirs,  to  have  been  a  fort  at  Chicago — probably 
about  the  same  localit}'  as  the  mission.  vSpeaking  of  his  return 
from  Canada  to  the  "Illinois  Country"  in  1685,  he  says:  "I 
embarked  for  the  Illinois  October  30,  16S5,  but  being  stopped  by 
the  ice,  I  was  obliged. to  lea\  e  ni}'  canoe  and  proceed  by  land. 
After  going  120  leagues,  I  arrived  at  Fort  Chicagou,  where  M. 
(Ic  la  Duranta3'e  commanded. "t 

According  to  the  best  authorities  it  was  during  the  vear 
1700  that  a  mission  and  permanent  settlement  was  established 
in-  Father  Jacques  Pinet  among  the  Tamaroas  at  a  village  called 
Cahokia  (or  "Saintc  Famille  de  Cahokia"),  a  few  miles  soutii  of 
the  present  site  of  the  city  of  East  St.   Louis.|     This  was  the 


^Shea's  "History  of  the  Discovery  of  the  Mississippi." 

tllistorical  CoHections  of  Louisiana,  Vol.  II.,  p.  67. 

tThf  first  FriMU-h  si'ttleiueiit  otl  thu  Gulf  of  Mexico  was  c.stahli.shcd  at  Hiloxi,  at  the 
lii.,ul(if  Missi.ssippi  Sound  in  the  jire.sent  State  of  Missi.'isippi,  hy  the  brothers  Ilierville 
mil  I5ienville,  natives  of  Montreal,  in  169S  The  next  year  they  e.stahiished  a  settlement 
"II  Dauphin  Island  ojiposite  tlii'  mouth  of  Alobile  Ha\'  and  in  1700  another  at  "  I'overtv 
I'oiiit,"  on  the  Mis,sissip])i  thirty -eijjlit  miles  helow  New  Orleans.  In  171.S  New  Orleans 
waslouiuled  as  an  emporium  for  the  lower  IMississippi  region. 


M 


m 


32  THK    WHITE   CITY  —  ILLINOIS. 

first  pcnnaucnt  .settlement  by  Europeans  in  Illinois,  as  tluii  at 
Kaskaskia  on  the  Illinois  was  broken  up  the  same  year. 

A  few  months  after  the  establishment  of  the  mission  at 
Cahokia  (which  received  the  name  of  "St.  Sulpice"),  but  dur- 
ing the  same  year,  the  Kaskaskias,  having  abandoned  their  vil- 
lage on  the  upper  Illinois,  were  induced  to  settle  near  the  mouth 
of  the  river  which  bears  their  name,  and  the  mission  and 
village — the  latter  afterward  becoming  the  first  capital  of  the 
Territory  and  State  of  Illinois — came  into  being.'^'  Among  the 
earliest  missionaries  connected  with  the  Cahokia  mission  were 
Fathers  Bergier  and  Lamoges,  and  among  those  connected  with 
that  at  Kaskaskia  were  Fathers  Gabriel  Alarest  and  Jean 
Alermet. 


*This  identity  of  naiiR's  has  led  to  some  confusion  in  delerniinin};  the  dale  and  ]ilaci 
of  the  lirsl  ])ennaiient  settlement  in  Illi:''ois,  the  date  of  Mar(|uette's  first  arrival  at  Kas- 
kaskia on  the  Illinois  heinj^  jriven  l)y  some  authors  u..  that  of  the  settlement  at  Kaskaski;i 
on  the  Mississipi)i,  twenty-seven  years  later. 


!  k 


I  ?f| 


j|:it-i!*'i 

ii:i,i',f' 


i:i.';:';i 

'i!i:!l 


-^jj*!^-*,-? 


FIRST    1 


1    '|l!i 


m.\ 


til 
hokia  and 
the  vicinit 
time  tlie  n; 
the  centre  ^ 
tlic  mouth 
of  the  coni 
peltries,  ai 
to  New  Or 
such  other 
being  brou 
seven  to  t\v 

*Viiicennei 

of  villages  in  tl 

Illinois. 


CHAPTER  IV. 
PERIOD  OK  FRENCH  OCCUPATION. 

FIRST    I'KRMANENT   SKTTLEMEXTS — THK   GROIT   OK    FRENCH 

VILLAGES   AHOIT    KASKA.SKLV  —  NEW    ERAXCE  — 

ILLINOIS    ATTACHED   TO    LOriSIANA. 

S  may  be  readily  inferred  from  the  methods 
of  French  colonization,  the  first  penna- 
;  nent  settlements  gathered  abont  the  mis- 
'"■  sions  at  Cahokia  and  Kaskaskia,  or  rather 
were  parts  of  them.  At  later  periods,  bnt 
dnring  the  French  occnpation  of  the  coun- 
try, other  villages  were  established,  the  most  im- 
portant being  St.  Philip  and  Prairie  du  Rocher;  all 
of  these  being  located  in  the  fertile  valley  now  known  as 
the  "American  Bottom"  between  the  older  towns  of  Ca- 
hokia and  Kaskaskia.  There  were  several  Indian  villages  in 
the  vicinity  of  the  French  settlements,  and  this  became  for  a 
time  the  most  populous  localit}-  in  the  Mississippi  valle}-  and 
the  centre  of  an  active  trade  carried  on  with  the  settlements  near 
the  mouth  of  the  Mississippi.'''  Large  quantities  of  the  products 
of  the  countr}',  such  a.s  flour,  bacon,  pork,  tallow,  lumber,  lead, 
peltries,  and  even  wine  were  transported  in  keel-boats  or  batteaus 
to  Xcw  Orleans ;  rice,  manufactured  tobacco,  cotton  goods  and 
such  other  fabrics  as  the  simple  wants  of  the  people  required, 
being  brought  back  in  return.  These  boats  went  in  convoj-s  of 
seven  to  twelve  in  number  for  mutual   protection,  three  months 

'Vincenncs  on  the  Wabash,  scttle'l  in  1710,  was  the  settlement  nearest  to  tlie   Kfoup 
of  villages  in  the  American  Hottoni. 

IlliiKiis.  83 


34 


THK   WHITP:  city  —  ILLINOLS. 


■I  -it:' 


m 


,    'I 


being  required  to  make  n  trip,  of  which  two  were  made  annually 
— one  in  the  spring  and  the  other  in  the  autumn. 

A  prominent  hindnuirk  of  this  interesting  h)cality  was  Fort 
Chartres,  a  strong  fortress  erected  by  the  French  in  1720,  and 
afterward  rebuilt  on  a  larger  and  more  substantial  scale,  in  1754. 
It  was  erected  in  the  Mississippi  bottom,  about  eighteen  miUs 
northwest  of  Kaskaskia.  Capt.  Philij)  Pittman,  the  English 
engineer  who  visited  it  in  1766,  describes  it  as  'an  irregular 
quadrangle"  with  the  exterior  sides  490  feet  in  length,  the  walls 
two  feet,  two  inches  thick  and  eighteen  feet  high.  It  enclosed 
an  area  of  more  than  five  acres,  in  which  were  erected  barracks, 
officers'  quarters,  store-houses,  magazines  and  everj'thing  re- 
quired to  make  a  complete  fortress  of  that  time.  The  importance 
attribiited  by  the  F'rench  to  the  protection  of  this  locality  is  in- 
dicated hy  the  fact  that  the  cost  of  this  fortress  is  said  to  have 
been  $1,000,000.  Pittman  says:  "It  is  generally  allowed  that 
this  is  the  most  commodious  and  best  built  fort  in  North  Amer- 
ica." In  1 756  it  stood  one  mile  from  the  river,  but  ten  years  later, 
when  Pittman  visited  it,  the  river  had  encroached  to  within 
eighty  rods  of  the  walls,  and  for  a  generation  scarcely  a  vestige 
of  this  structure  has  remained,  all  that  had  not  been  removed  to 
Kaskaskia  and  other  points  for  building  purposes,  having  fallen 
into  the  river.  While  it  belonged  to  France,  the  seat  of  govern- 
ment of  the  "Illinois  Countr}' "  was  here,  and  it  became  the 
headquarters  of  the  English  commandant — who  was  the  arbitrary 
Governor  of  the  country — during  the  period  of  occupancy^  by 
the  British,  extending  from  176'  to  1772,  when  it  was  partially 
destroyed  by  one  of  the  periodical  floods  of  the  Mississippi. 

The  French  possessions  in  North  America  went  under  the 
general  name  of  "New  France,"  but  their  boundaries  were  never 
clearly^  defined,  though  an  attempt  was  made  to  do  so  through 
Commissioners  who  met  at  Paris  in  1752.  The}'  Avere  under- 
stood by  the  French  to  include  the  valley  of  the  St.  Lawrence, 
with  Labrador  and  Nova  Scotia,  to  the  northern  boundaries  of| 
the  British  Colonies ;  the  region  of  the  Great  Lakes ;    and  the 


IM.INOI.S — I'KRIOD   OF    I-RKXCH    OCCUPATION. 


35 


\':illi'y  of  the  Mississippi  from  the  hcnchvaters  of  the  Ohio  west- 
ward to  the  Pacific  Ocean  and  sonth  to  the  Gnlf  of  Mexico. 
While  these  claims  were  contested  b}'  England  on  the  east  and 
S})!iiii  on  the  sonthwest,  they  comprehended  the  very  heart  of 
tlu'  North  American  continent,  a  region  nnsnrpassed  in  fertility 
and  natnral  resonrces  and  now  the  home  of  more  than  half  of 
the  entire  popnlation  of  the  American  Republic.  That  the 
French  should  have  reluctantly  yielded  up  so  magnificent  a  do- 
main is  natnral.  And  yet  they  did  this  by  the  treaty  of  1763, 
surrendering  the  region  east  of  the  Mississippi  (exc-pt  a  com- 
paraiively  small  district  near  the  mouth  of  that  stream)  to  Eng- 
land, and  the  remainder  to  Spain — an  evidence  of  the  straits  to 
which  they  had  been  reduced  by  a  long  series  of  devastating 
wars. 

In  1712  Antoine  Crozat,  under  royal  letters-patent,  obtained 
from  Louis  XIV.  of  France,  a  monopol}''  of  the  commerce,  with 
control  of  the  country-,  "from  the  edge  of  the  sea  (Gulf  of  Mex- 
ico) as  far  as  the  Illinois."  This  grant  having  been  surrendered 
a  few  years  later,  was  renewed  in  1717  to  the  "Company  of  the 
West,"  of  which  the  celebrated  George  Law  was  the  head,  and 
tuider  it  jurisdiction  was  exercised  over  the  trade  of  Illinois.  On 
September  27th  of  the  same  year  ( 1717),  the  "Illinois  Countr}-," 
which  had  been  a  dependency  of  Canada,  Mas  incorporated  with 
Louisiana  and  became  a  part  of  that  province.  Law's  company 
received  enlarged  powers  under  the  name  of  the  "East  Indies 
Compau},"  and  although  it  went  out  of  existence  in  1721  with 
the  opprobrious  title  of  the  "South  Sea  Bubble,"  leaving  in  its 
wake  hundreds  of  ruined  private  fortunes  in  France  and  Eng- 
land, it  did  much  to  stimulate  the  population  and  development 
of  the  Alississippi  Valley.  During  its  existence  (in  17 18)  New 
Orleans  was  founded  and  Fort  Chartres  erected,  being  named 
after  the  Due  de  Chartres,  son  of  the  Regent  of  France.  Pierre 
Duque  Boisbriant  was  the  first  commandant  of  Illinois  and  su- 
perintended the  erection  of  the  fort. 

One  of  the  privileges  granted  to   Law's  company  was  the 


.aitmttm 


36 


THH   WHITH   CITY — ILLINOIS. 


m 


:,;ill!;la:!iS: 


Iff 


11 


^m 


III 


■ill 


illiil 


importation  of  slaves;  aiul  under  it,  in  1721,  Philip  F.  Renault 
brought  to  the  country  five  hundred  slaves  besides  two  hundred 
artisans,  mechanics  and  laborers.  Two  3'ears  later,  he  received 
a  large  grant  of  land,  and  founded  the  village  of  St.  Philip  a 
few  miles  north  of  P'ort  Chartres.  Thus  Illinois  became  slave 
territory  before  a  white  settlement  of  any  sort  existed  in  what 
afterward  became  the  slave  State  of  Missouri.  In  1722  a  parish 
chnrch  and  stone  residence  for  the  Jesuits  were  erected  in  Kas- 
kaskia,  and  mills  and  store-houses  were  built  previous  to  that 
time  or  at  a  later  period  both  there  and  at  Cahokia.  The  villajj^e 
of  Prairie  du  Rocher,  four  miles  east  of  Fort  Chartres,  was 
founded  in  1733. 

During  1721  the  country  under  control  of  the  F^ast  Indies 
Company  was  divided  into  nine  civil  and  military  districts,  each 
presided  over  b}'  a  commandant  and  a  judge,  with  a  sujierior 
council  at  New  Orleans.  Of  these,  Illinois,  the  largest  and, 
next  to  New  Orleans,  the  most  populous,  was  the  .seventh.  It 
embraced  over  one-half  the  present  State,  with  the  country  west 
of  the  ]\Iississip])i,  be^.\  en  the  Arkansas  and  the  43d  degree  of 
latitude,  to  the  Rocky  Mountains,  and  included  the  present 
States  of  Missouri,  Iowa,  Nebraska,  Kansas  and  par^^s  of  Arkan- 
sas and  Colorado.  In  1732,  the  Indies  Company  surrendered 
its  charter,  and  Louisiana,  including  the  district  of  Illinois,  w.s 
afterwards  governed  by  officers  appointed  directly  by  the  cro\\n. 
The  roll  of  commandants  of  Illinois  diiring  the  period  of  Frencli 
occupation,  includes  the  names  of  Pierre  d'  Artaguiette,  1734-36; 
Alphonse  de  la  Bui.soniere,  1736-40;  Benoist  de  St.  Claire, 
1740-42;  Chevalier  de  Bcrtel,  1742-48,  when  St.  Claire  was 
reinstated. 

While  the  general  government  of  the  "Illinois  Country" 
under  the  French  was  a  sort  of  mixed  civil  and  military  rule 
mildly  administered,  that  of  the  villages  was  of  a  paternal  or 
hierarchic  character  administered  by  the  priests,  who  settled 
quarrels,  baptized  children,  married  the  adults,  ministered  to  the 
dying,  buried  the  dead  and  exercised  a  general  supervision  over 


ILLINOIS — in:Rion  of  rRi-xcii  occrPATiox. 


?>7 


iIk'  welfare  of  the  little  eoiiuminit}'.  Their  influeiiee  cxteiulecl 
to  all,  :uk1  froiii  their  jiulj^iiietit  there  was  little  disposition  to 
appeal. 

As  earl}- as  September,  1699,  an  attenijjt  was  made  by  an 
expedition,  fitted  out  by  the  P)njj^lish  Government  under  com- 
mand of  Captains  Barr  and  Clements,  to  take  possession  of  the 
country  about  the  mouth  of  the  Mississippi  on  the  ground  of 
pri(.r  discovery;  but  they  found  the  French  under  Bienville 
ahvady  in  possession  at  Biloxi,  and  they  sailed  away  without 
making  any  further  effort  to  carry  the  scheme  into  effect.  Mean- 
while, in  the  early  part  of  the  next  century,  the  English  were 
successful  in  attaching  to  their  interests  the  Iroquois,  who  were 
the  deadly  foes  of  the  French,  and  held  possession  of  Western 
New  York  and  the  region  around  the  headwaters  of  the  Ohio 
River,  extending  their  incursions  against  the  Indian  allies  of 
the  French  as  far  west  as  Illinois.  The  real  struggle  for  terri- 
tory between  the  Knglish  and  French  began  with  the  formation 
of  the  Ohio  Land  Company  in  174S-9,  and  the  grant  to  it  by 
the  English  Government  of  half  a  million  acres  of  land  along 
the  Ohio  River,  with  the  exclusive  right  of  trading  with  the  In- 
dian tribes  in  that  region.  Out  of  this  grew  the  establishment, 
iu  the  next  two  3'ears,  of  trading  posts  and  forts  on  the  Miami 
aud  Maumee  in  Western  Ohio,  followed  b}-  the  protracted  French 
and  Indian  War,  which  was  prosecuted  with  varied  fortunes  until 
the  final  defeat  of  the  French  at  Quebec,  on  the  thirteenth  of 
vScptember,  1759,  which  broke  their  power  on  the  American  con- 
tiuent.  Among  those  who  took  part  in  this  struggle,  was  a 
contingent  from  the  French  garrison  of  Fort  Chartres.  Neyon 
de  Villiers,  commandant  of  the  fort,  was  one  of  these,  being  the 
only  survivor  of  seven  brothers  who  participated  in  the  defense  of 
Canada.  Still  hopeful  of  saving  Louisiana  and  Illinois,  he  de- 
parted with  a  few  followers  for  New  Orleans,  but  the  treat}-  of 
Paris,  February  10,  1763,  destroyed  all  hope,  for  by  its  terms 
Canada,  and  all  other  territory  east  of  the  Mississippi  as  far 
south  as  the  northern  boundary  of  Florida,  was  surrendered  to 


>•  'i'  v-'^  f  -.h'-.-- tf  i*^?fc"ai 


'III 


38 


THK    WHITK    CITY  —  II^LINOIS. 


Great  Bri'-aiii,  while  the  remainder,  including  the  vast  territor; 
west  of  the  Mississippi,  was  given  up  to  Spain. 

Thus,  the  ''  Illinois  Country  "  fell  into  the  hands  of  tin. 
British,  although  the  actual  transfer  of  Fort  Chartrcs  and  the 
country  dependent  upon  it  did  not  take  place  until  October  10, 
1765,  when  its  veteran  conmiandant,  St.  Ange — who  had  conn. 
from  Yincennes  to  assume  command  on  the  retirement  of  \'ill- 
iers.  and  who  held  it  faithfull}-  for  the  conqueror — surrendered 
it  to  Capt.  Thomas  Stirling  as  the  representative  of  the  English 
Government.  It  is  worth}-  of  note  that  this  was  the  last  place  ou 
the  North  American  continent  to  lower  the  French  flag.  vSt. 
Ange,  with  the  few  civil  officers  and  troops  remaining  with  him, 
retired  to  St.  Louis,  which  had  been  founded  in  1764,  and  where, 
at  the  request  of  the  citizens,  many  of  whom,  like  hini.self,  had 
come  from  the  Illinois  villages,  he  assumed  the  position  of  com- 
mandant, although  he  was  then  upon  Spanish  territory.  In  this 
he  was  confirmed  by  General  Uiloa,  the  Spanish  Governor  of  New- 
Orleans,  and  remained  in  authority  until  his  death  on  December 
27,  1774,  at  the  age  of  73.  His  fairness,  courage  and  modera- 
tion won  for  him  the  respect  and  confidence  not  only  of  his  own 
nationality,  but  of  Spaniards  and  English  also. 


■.ii^iJi'*'?; 


^-■f 


life 


^^^^^^^^^^^^^^W 


BRITISH     C 

ROGER; 

BRI 


JSU 


¥ 


Ml     -? 


[starting  froi 

[a  force  of  fc 

[Indiaii  force 

year,    Capt. 

iPciiiisylvau 

jnois  couutr} 

iMauniee,  w] 

larrowly  est 

Ji;6s.  when 

Indian  affaii 

bratod  speec 

^ort  Pitt,  t( 

^razer,  who 

'razcr  read 


CHAPTER  V. 
THE   REVOLUTIONARY  PERIOD. 

BRITISH     OCCUPATION — ENGLISH     GOVERNORS  —  COL.     GEORGE 

ROGERS  Clark's  expedition — conquest  of  Illinois — 

BRITISH     attack     ON   .ST.     LOUIS  —  CAPTURE    OF 
FORT   ST.   JOSEPH. 

p^-~:^HE  delay  o^  the  British  in  taking  possession  of 

the   "Illinois  Country,"  after  the   defeat  of  the 

French  at  Quebec   and   the   surrender   of  their 

possessions    in   America  by   the  treaty  of  1763, 

was  due  to  its  isolated  position  and  the  difficulty 

of  reaching  it  with  sufficient  force  to  establish  the 

British  authorit}-.     The  first  attempt  was  made 

in  the  spring  of  1764,  when  Maj.  Arthur  Loftus, 

istartiiig  from  Pensacola,  attt  upted  to  ascend  the  Mississippi  with 

la  force  of  four  hundred  regulars,  but  being  met  by  a  superior 

jlndian  force,  was  compelled  to  retreat.     In  August  of  the  same 

jyear,    Capt.    Thu   las    Morris    was    dispi;.tched    from    Western 

|Peunsylvania  with      small  force  "  to  take  possession  of  the  Illi- 

lois  country."     This  expedition  got  as  far  as  Fort  Miami  on  the 

launiee,  when  its    progress   was  arrested,  and  its  commander 

larrowly  escaped  with  his  life.     The  next  attempt  was  made  in 

1765,  when  Maj.  George  Croghan,  a  deputy  superintendent  of 

hidiau  affairs,  whose  name  has  lieen  made  historical  by  the  cele- 

oratcd  speech  of   the  Indian  Chief  Logan,  was  detailed  from 

'ort  Pitt,  to   visit  Illinois.     Being  detained,  Lieut.   Alexander 

Mazer,  who    was    to    accompany    Croghan,    proceeded    alone. 

Mazer  reached  Kaskaskia,  but  met  with  so  rough  a  reception 

lllliiuU.  89 


'^mmm 


mmmmmm. 


40 


THK   WHITK   CITY  —  ILLINOIS. 


■'fit 


from  botli  the  French  and  Indians,  that  he  thought  it  advisable 
to  leave  in  disguise,  and  escaped  by  descending  the  ^lississippi  to 
New  Orleans.  Croghan  stjirted  on  his  journey  on  the  fifteenth 
of  Ma}',  proceeding  down  the  Ohio,  accompanied  by  a  party  of 
friendly  Indians,  but  having  been  captured  near  the  mouth  of 
the  Wabash,  he  finally  returned  to  Detroit  without  reaching  liis 
destination. 

The  first  Britisli  official  to  reach  Fort  Chartres  was  Capt 
Thomas  Stirling.  Descending  the  Ohio  with  a  force  of  one 
hundred  men,  he  reached  Fort  Chartres  October  10,  1765,  and 
received  the  surrender  of  the  fort  from  the  faithful  and  courteous 
St.  Ange,  as  detailed  at  the  close  of  the  last  chapter.  It  is  es- 
timated that  at  least  one-third  of  the  French  citizens,  including 
the  more  wealthy,  left  rather  than  become  Briti.sh  subjects. 
Those  about  Fort  Chartres  left  a!lmost  in  a  bod3^  Some  joined 
the  French  colonies  on  the  lower  ^Mississippi,  while  others,  cross- 
ing the  river,  settled  in  St.  Genevive,  then  in  .Spanish  territory. 
Much  the  larger  number  followed  the  venerable  St.  x\nge  to  St. 
Louis,  Avhich  had  been  established  as  a  trading  post  by  Pierre 
La  Clcde,  during  the  previous  year,  and  which  now  received 
what,  in  these  later  days,  would  be  called  a  great  "  boom." 

Captain  Stirling  was  relieved  of  his  command  at  Fort  Char- 
tres, December  4th,  b}'  IMaj.  Robert  Farmer.'''  Other  Britisli  I 
Commandants  at  Fort  Chartres  were  Col.  Edward  Cole,  Col. 
John  Reed,  Colonel  Wilkins,  Capt.  Hugh  Lord  and  Francois  de 
Rastel,  Chevalier  dc  Rocheblave.  The  last  had  been  an  ofHcer 
in  the  French  ami}'  and  having  resided  at  Kaskaskia,  transftrrd 
his  allegiance  on  occupation  of  the  country  by  the  British.  He 
was  the  last  official  representative  of  the  Britisli  Government  in 
Illinois.  It  has  been  claimed  that  at  some  time  previous  to  this 
date,  St.  Ange  returned  to  Kaskaskia,  but  authorities  do  iiot| 
seem  to  agree  on  this  point. 

The  total  population  of  tne  French  villages  in   Illinois,  at  I 

*At  lea.st  one  authority  claims  that  this  iiutne  should  be  Fraser — the  same  who  visited | 
Kaska.skia  in  1765. 


ILLINOIS  —  THK    RF.VOLl'TIONARY    I'ERKH). 


41 


the  time  of  their  transfer  to  Enj^laiul,  has  been  estimated  at 
about  1,600,  of  which  700  were  in  Kaskaskia  and  450  in  Caho- 
kia.  Captain  Pittnian  estimated  the  population  of  all  the  French 
villages  in  Illinois  and  on  the  Wabash,  at  the  time  of  his  visit  in 
1770,  at  about  2,000.  Of  St.  Lonis — or  "  Paincourt,"  as  it  was 
sometimes  called — Captain  Pittman  said:  "There  are  about  forty- 
private  houses  and  as  man}'  families."  Most  of  these,  if  not  all, 
had  emigrated  from  the  French  villages.  In  fact,  although  nom- 
inally in  Spanish  territory,  it  was  essentially  a  French  town, 
protected,  as  Pittman  said,  by  "a  French  garrison"  consisting 
of  "a  Captain-Commandant,  two  Lieutenants,  a  Fort  Major,  one 
Sergeant,  one  Corporal  and  twent}'  men." 

The  first  official  notice  taken  of  the  "Illinois  Country"  by 
the  Continental  Congress,  was  the  adoption  by  that  body,  July 
13,  1775,  of  an  act  creating  three  Indian  Departments — a  North- 
ern, Middle  and  Southern.  Illinoi.'^  was  assigned  to  the  second, 
with  Benjamin  Franklin  and  James  Wilson,  of  Pennsylvania, 
and  Patrick  Henry,  of  Virginia,  as  Commissioners.  In  April, 
1776,  Col.  George  Morgan,  who  had  been  a  trader  at  Kaskaskia, 
was  appointed  agent  and  successor  to  these  Commissioners,  with 
headquarters  at  Fort  Pitt.  The  promulgation  of  the  Declara- 
tion of  Independence  on  the  Fourth  of  Jiily,  1776,  and  the 
events  immediately  preceding  and  following  that  event,  directed 
attention  to  the  colonies  on  the  Atlantic  coast ;  yet  the  frontiers- 
men of  Virginia  were  Avatching  an  opportunity^  to  deliver  a  blow 
to  the  Government  of  King  George  in  a  quarter  where  it  was 
least  expected,  and  where  it  was  destined  to  have  an  immense  in- 
fluence upon  the  future  of  the  new  nation,  as  Avell  as  that  of  the 
American  continent.  During  the  year  1777,  Col.  George  Rogers 
Clark,  a  native  of  Virginia,  then  scarcely  twentj'-five  years  of 
age,  having  conceived  a  plan  of  seizing  the  settlements  in  the 
Mississippi  Valle}^  sent  trusty  .spies  to  learn  the  sentiments  of 
the  people  and  the  condition  of  affairs  at  Kaskaskia.  The  re- 
port brought  to  him  gave  him  encouragement,  and  in  December 
I  of  the  same  j'ear  he  laid  before  Gov.  Patrick  Henrj^,  of  Virginia, 


42 


THK   WHITE   CITY  —  IIXIXOIS. 


\:'W 


his  plans  for  the  reduction  of  the  posts  in  Illinois.  These  were 
approved,  and  on  Jannarj'  2,  1778,  Clark  received  authority  to 
recruit  seven  companies  of  fifty  men  each  for  three  months'  serv- 
ice, and  Governor  Henry  gave  him  $6,000  for  expenses.  Pro- 
ceeding to  Fort  Pitt,  he  succeeded  in  recruiting  three  companies 
who  were  directed  to  rendezvous  at  Corn  Island,  opposite  the 
present  city  of  Louisville.  It  has  been  claimed  that,  in  order  to 
deceive  the  British  as  to  his  real  destination,  Clark  authorized 
the  announcement  that  the  object  of  the  expedition  was  to  pro- 
tect the  settlements  in  Kentucky  from  the  Indians.  At  Corn 
Island  another  company  was  organized,  making  four  in  all,  un- 
der the  command  of  Captains  Bowman,  Montgomery,  Helm  and 
Harrod,  and  having  embarked  on  keel-boats,  they  passed  the 
Falls  of  the  Ohio,  June  24th.  Reaching  an  island  at  the  mouth 
of  the  Tennessee  on  the  28th,  he  was  met  by  a  party  of  eight 
American  hunters,  who  had  left  Kaskaskia  a  few  days  before, 
and  who,  joining  his  command,  rendered  good  service  as  guides. 
He  disembarked  his  force  at  the  mouth  of  a  small  creek  one 
mile  above  Fort  Massac,  June  29th,  and,  directing  his  course 
across  the  country,  on  the  evening  of  the  6th  day  (July  4,  17781 
arrived  within  three  miles  of  Kaskaskia.  The  surprise  of  the 
unsuspecting  citizens  of  Kaskaskia  and  its  small  garrison,  was 
complete.  His  force  having,  under  cover  of  darkness,  been  fer- 
ried across  the  Kaskaskia  river,  about  a  mile  above  the  town, 
one  detachment  surrounded  the  town,  while  the  other  seized  the 
fort,  capturing  Rocheblave  and  his  little  command  without  firing 
a  gun.  The  famous  Indian  fighter  and  hunter,  Simon  Kenton, 
led  the  \vay  to  the  fort.  This  is  supposed  to  have  been  what 
Captain  Pittman  called  the  "Jesuits'  house,"  which  had  been 
sold  by  the  French  Government  after  the  country  was  ceded  to  I 
England,  the  Jesuit  order  having  been  suppressed.  A  wooden 
fort,  erected  in  1736,  and  known  afterward  by  the  British  as 
Fort  Gage,  had  stood  on  the  bluff  opposite  the  town,  but  accord- 
ing to  Pittman,  this  was  burnt  in  1 766,  and  there  is  no  evidence  | 
that  it  was  ever  rebuilt. 


ILLINOIS  —  THK   REVOLUTIOXARY    I'KRIOD. 


43 


Clark's  expedition  was  thus  far  a  complete  success.  Roclie- 
blave,  proving  recalcitrant,  was  placed  in  irons  and  sent  as  a 
prisoner  of  war  to  Williamsburg,  while  his  slaves  were  confis- 
cated, the  proceeds  of  their  sale  being  divided  among  Clark's 
troops.  The  inhabitants  were  easily  conciliated,  and  Cahokia 
having  been  captured  without  bloodshed,  Clark  turned  his  atten- 
tion to  Vincennes.  Through  the  influence  of  Pierre  Gibault — 
the  \'icar-General  in  charge  at  Kaskaskia — the  people  of  Vin- 
cennes were  induced  to  swear  allegiance  to  the  United  States,  and 
although  the  place  was  afterward  captured  bj'  a  British  force  from 
Detroit,  it  was  on  Februar}-  24,  1779,  recaptured  by  Col.  Clark, 
together  with  a  bod}^  of  prisoners,  but  little  smaller  than  the 
attacking  force,  and  $50,000  worth  of  property. 

Seldom  in  the  history'  of  the  world  have  such  important  re- 
snlts  been  achieved  by  j^nich  insignificant  instrumentalities  and 
with  so  lutle  sacrifice  of  life,  as  in  this  almost  bloodless  cam- 
paign of  the  youthful  conqueror  of  Illinois.  Having  been  won 
largely  through  Virginia  enterprise  and  valor  and  by  material 
aid  furnished  through  Governor  Henry,  the  Virginia  House  of 
Delegates  in  October,  1778,  proceeded  to  assert  the  jurisdiction 
of  that  commonwealth  over  the  settlements  of  the  Northwest,  by 
organizing  all  the  country  M'est  and  north  of  the  Ohio  River, 
into  a  county  to  be  called  "  Illinois,"  and  empowering  the  Gov- 
ernor to  appoint  a  "  county-lieutenant  or  commandant-in-chief" 
to  exercise  civil  authority  during  the  pleasure  of  the  appointing 
power.  Thus  "Illinois  county"  was  older  than  the  States  of 
Ohio  or  Indiana,  while  Patrick  Henry,  the  eloquent  orator  of  the 
Revolution,  became  cx-officio  its  first  Governor.  Col.  John  Todd, 
a  citizen  of  Kentucky,  was  appointed  "  Count^'-Lieutenant,"  De- 
cember 12,  1778,  entering  upon  his  duties  in  May  following. 
The  militia  was  organized,  Deputy-Commandants  for  Kaskaskia 
and  Cahokia  appointed,  and  the  first  election  of  civil  ofiicers  ever 
had  in  Illinois,  was  held  imder  Colonel  Todd's  direction.  His 
record-book,  now  in  possession  of  the  Chicago  Historical  Society, 
shows  that  he  was  accustomed  to  exercise  powers  scarcely  in- 


44 


TIIK   WHITK   CITV  —  ILLINOIS. 


ferior  to  those  of  a  State  Executive.  Before  the  close  of  his  first 
year,  he  was  appointed  Colonel  of  a  X'irj^inia  rej^nnient;  in  ijSo 
he  was  elected  a  member  of  the  X'irginia  House  of  Delegates  from 
the  county  of  Kentiick\-,  and  in  ijcSi  became  a  citizen  and  official 
of  Lexington,  Kentuck}-.  He  was  killed  at  the  battle  of  Hlue 
Licks,  August  iS,  17S2. 

In  1782  one  "Thimothe  Demunbrunt "  subscribed  himself 
as  "Lt.  conid'g  par  iuh'riiii,  etc." — but  the  origin  of  his 
authority  is  not  clearly  understood.  He  assumed  to  act  as  com- 
mandant until  the  arrival  of  Gov.  Arthur  St.  Clair,  first  Terri- 
torial Oovernor  of  the  Northwest-Territory,  in  1790.  After  the 
close  of  the  Revolution,  courts  ceased  to  be  held  and  civil  affairs 
fell  into  great  disorder.  "In  effect,  there  was  neither  law  nor 
order  in  the  "  Illinois  Country  "  for  the  seven  years  from  17CS3  to 
1790.=^= 

During  the  progress  of  the  Revolution,  there  were  the  usual 
rumors  and  alarms  in  the  "Illinois  Countr}^"  peculiar  to  frontier 
life  in  time  of  war.  The  country-,  however,  was  singularly 
exempt  from  an\'  serious  calamity  such  as  a  general  massacre. 
One  reason  for  this  was  the  friendh'  relations  which  had  existed 
between  the  French  and  their  Indian  neighbors  previous  to  tlie 
conquest,  and  which  the  new  masters,  after  the  capture  of  Kas- 
kaskia,  took  pains  to  perpetuate.  Several  movements  were  pro- 
jected b\'  the  British  and  their  Indian  allies  about  Detroit  and 
in  Canada,  but  they  were  kept  so  bus}'  elsewhere  that  they  had 
little  time  to  put  their  plans  into  execution.  One  of  these  was 
a  proposed  movement  from  Pensacola  against  the  Spanish  posts 
on  the  lower  Mississippi,  to  punish  Spain  for  having  engaged  in 
the  war  of  1779,  but  the  promptness  with  which  the  Spanish 
Governor  of  New  Orleans  proceeded  to  capture  Fort  Manclia:, 
Baton  Rouge  and  Natchez  from  their  British  possessors,  con- 
vinced the  latter  that  this  was  a  "gf.meat  which  two  could  play.' 
In  ignorance  of  these  results,  an  expedition  750  strong,  coni- 
po.sed  largely  of  Indians,  fitted  out  at  Mackinaw  under  command 

*Moses'  History  of  Illinoi.s. 


IJJ.INOIS  —  TlIK    RKVOLUTIOXARV    I'KRIOU. 


45 


of  Capt,  Patrick  Sinclair,  started  in  tlie  early  part  of  May,  17S0, 
to  co-operate  with  the  expedition  on  the  lower  Mississippi,  bnt  in- 
tendin.t(  to  deal  a  destructive  blow  to  the  Illinois  \illajj[cs  and  the 
Spanish  towns  of  St.  Lonis  and  St.  Genevive  on  the  way.  This 
expedition  reached  St.  Lonis  May  26th,  bnt  Col.  George  Rogers 
Clark  having  arrived  at  Cahokia  with  a  small  force  twent3'-fonr 
hours  earlier,  prepared  ^.0  co-operate  with  the  Spaniards  on  the 
western  shore  of  the  Mississippi,  and  the  invading  force  confined 
their  depredations  to  killing  seven  or  eight  villagers,  and  then 
beat  a  hasty  retreat  in  the  direction  they  had  come.  These  were 
the  last  expeditions  organized  to  regain  the  "conntry  of  the  Illi- 
nois" or  capture  Spanish  posts  on  the  Mississippi. 

An  expedition  of  a  different  sort  is  worthy  of  mention  in 
this  connection,  as  it  originated  mi  Illinois.  This  consisted  of  a 
company  of  seventeen  men,  led  by  one  Thomas  Brad}*,  a  citizen 
of  Cahokia,  who,  marching  across  the  countr}-,  in  the  month  of 
October,  1780,  after  the  retreat  of  Sinclair  from  St.  Louis,  suc- 
ceeded in  surprising  and  capturing  Fort  St.  Joseph  about  where 
La  Salle  had  erected  Fort  Miami,  near  the  mouth  of  the  St. 
Joseph  River,  a  hundred  years  before.  Brad}^  and  his  party 
captured  a  few  British  prisoners  and  a  large  cpiantity  of  goods. 
On  their  return,  while  encamped  on  the  Calumet,  they  were 
attacked  by  a  band  of  Pottawatomies,  and  all  were  killed, 
wounded  or  taken  prisoners  except  Brad}-  and  two  others,  who 
escaped.  Early  in  January,  1781,  a  party  consisting  of  sixty- 
five  whites,  organized  from  St.  Louis  and  Cahokia,  with  some  200 
Indians,  and  headed  by  Don  Eugenio  Pourre,  a  Spaniard,  started 
on  a  second  expedition  against  Fort  St.  Joseph.  By  silencing 
the  Indians,  whom  they  met  on  their   way,  with    promises    of 

I  plunder,  they  were  able  to  reach  the  fort  without  discovery,  cap- 
tured it  and  raising  the  Spanish  flag,  formally  took  possession 

[  in  the  name  of  the  King  of  Spain.  After  retaining  possession 
for  a  few  days,  the  party  returned  to  St.  Louis,  but  in  negotiating 
the  treat}'  of  peace  at  Paris,  in  1783,  this  incident  was  made  the 

j basis  of  a  claim  put  forth  b}'  Spain  to  ownership  of  the  "Illinois 

'Country"  "by  right  of  conquest." 


' -^^s^^teteOKl^WA^tiMttta 


CHAPTER    VI. 
THE  TERRITORIAL  PERIOD. 

ILLINOIS   AS   PART   OF  TUlv    XORTHWKST    AXD    INDIANA    TERRI- 
TORIES—  ORDINANCE   OF    I  787 — GOVERNORS    ST.  CLAIR 
AND  HARRISON — INDIAN  TREATIES — ILLINOIS  TER- 
RITORY  ORGANIZED — IvVRLY  SETTLERS — GOV- 
ERNOR   EDWARI^      —WAR  OF    I  Si  2  —  FORT 
DEARBORN    MASSACRE —  KARLY 
ILLINOIS   TOWNS. 


T  the  very  outset  of  its  existence,  the  New 
Government  of  the  United  States  was  con- 
fronted with  an  embarrassing  question 
which  deepl}'  affected  the  interests  of  the 
territory  of  which  Illinois  formed  a  part. 
This  was  the  claim  of  certain  States  to 
^^^rfiK '  lands  lying  between  their  western  boundaries  ami 
the  Mississippi  River,  then  the  western  boundarv 
i'j-T  of  the  Republic.  These  claims  were  based  either  upon 
the  terms  of  their  original  charters  or  upon  the  cession 
of  lands  by  the  Indians,  and  it  was  under  a  claim  of  the  former 
charter,  as  well  as  by  right  of  conquest,  that  Virginia  assumed 
to  exercise  authority  o\er  the  "Illinois  Country"  after  its  cap- 
ture by  the  Clark  expedition.  This  construction  was  opposed 
by  the  States  which,  from  their  geographical  position  or  other 
cause,  had  no  claim  to  lands  beyond  their  own  boundaries,  and 
the  controversy  was  waged  with  considerable  bitterness  for  .sev- 
eral years,  proving  a  formidable  obstacle  to  the  ratification  of  the 

niluois.  46 


II.MXOIS  —  Till",    TI'RRITORIAL   PKRIOD. 


47 


Articles  of  Confederation.  As  early  as  1779  the  subject  received 
the  attention  of  Congress  in  the  adoption  of  a  resolution  requcst- 
iwil  the  States  havinjr  such  claims  to  "  forbear  settlinjif  or  issuing 
warrants  for  unappropriated  lands  or  j^rantinjj^  the  same  durinjf  the 
continuance  of  the  present  (Revolutionary)  War."  In  the  follow- 
ing year,  New  York  authorized  her  delegates  in  Congress  to  limit 
its  boundaries  in  such  manner  as  they  might  think  e::pedient,  and 
to  cede  to  the  Government  its  claim  to  western  lands.  The  case 
was  further  con: r>]icated  by  the  claims  of  certain  land  companies 
which  had  been  previously  organized.  New  York  filed  her  cession 
to  the  General  Government  of  lands  claimed  by  her  in  October, 
17S2,  followed  by  X'irginia  nearly  a  year  later,  and  by  Alassachu- 
sctts  and  Connecticut  in  17S5  and  1786.  Other  vStatcs  followed 
somewhat  tardily,  Georgia  being  the  last,  in  1S02.  It  was  from 
the  splendid  domain  north  and  west  of  the  Ohio  thus  acquired  from 
X'irginia  and  other  States,  that  the  Northwest  Territory  was 
finally  organized.  The  first  step  was  taken  in  the  passage  by 
Congress,  in  1784,  of  a  resolution  providing  for  the  temporary 
government  of  the  Western  Territory,  and  this  was  followed 
three  j'cars  later  by  the  enactment  of  the  celebrated  Ordinance 
of  1787.  While  this  latter  document  contained  numerous  pro- 
visions which  marked  a  new  departure  in  the  science  of  free  gov- 
ennnent — as,  for  instance,  that  declaring  that  "religion,  morality 
and  knowledge  being  necessary  to  good  government  and  the  hap- 
piness of  mankind,  schools  and  the  means  of  education  shall 
forever  be  encoura;;ed" — its  crowning  feature  was  the  sixth 
article,  as  follows:  "There  shall  be  neither  slavery  nor  involun- 
tary servitude  in  the  said  Territor}^  otherwise  than  in  the  pun- 
ishment of  crime,  whereof  the  party  shall  have  been  duly  con- 
victed." 

Although  there  has  been  considerable  controversy  as  to  the 
authorship  of  the  above  and  other  provisions  of  this  immortal 
document,  it  is  worthy  of  note  that  substantially  the  same  lan- 
guage was  introduced  in  the  resolutions  of  1784,  by  a  delegate 
from  a  slave  State — Thomas  Jefferson,  of  Virginia — though  not 


Mii 


48 


Tui-:  wiirri',  cir\  —  ii.mnois. 


tlieu  adopted.  Jefferson  was  not  a  nicinhcr  of  the  Congress  of 
1787  (being  then  minister  to  France)  and  conld  have  had  noth- 
ing directly  to  do  with  the  hiter  Ordinance;  yet  it  is  evident  that 
the  principle  which  he  had  advocated,  finally  received  the  ap- 
proval of  eight  ont  of  the  thirteen  vStates, — all  that  were  repre- 
sented in  that  Congress — inclnding  the  slave  States  of  Virginia, 
Delaware,  North  Carolina,  Sonth  Carolina  and  (ieorgia.* 

Under  the  Ordinance  of  1787,  organizing  the  Northwest 
Territory,  Gen.  Arthnr  St.  Clair,  who  had  been  a  .soldier  of  the 
Revolntion,  was  appointed  the  first  Governor  on  February  i, 
1788,  with  W'inthrop  Sargent,  Secretary,  and  Saninel  Holdeii 
Parsons,  James  Mitchell  Varnnm  and  John  Cleves  Symmes, 
Judges.  All  these  were  reappointed  b}'  President  Washington 
in  17S9.  The  new  Territorial  Government  was  organized  at 
Marietta,  a  settlement  on  the  Ohio,  July  15,  178.S,  but  it  was 
nearly  two  years  later  before  Governor  St.  Clair  visited  Illinois, 
arriving  at  Kaskaskia,  March  5,  1790.  The  county  of  St.  Clair 
(named  after  him)  was  organized  at  this  time,  embracing  all  the 
settlements  between  the  Wabash  and  the  Mississippi.  He  found 
the  inhabitants  generally  in  a  deplorable  condition,  neglected  by 
the  Government,  the  courts  of  justice  practically  abolished  and 
many  of  the  citizens  sadly  in  need  of  the  obligations  due  them 
from  the  Government  for  supplies  furnished  to  Colonel  Clark 
twelve  years  before.  After  a  stay  of  three  months,  the  Governor 
returned  east.  In  1795,  Judge  Turner  held  the  first  court  in  »St. 
Clair  Coxinty,  Cahokia  being  the  county  seat.  The  .second 
county  (Randolph)  was  organized  the  same  3'ear,  and  Kaskaskia 
became  its  county  .seat.  In  1 796  Governor  St.  Clair  paid  a  sec- 
ond visit  to  Illinois,  accompanied  by  Judge  Symmes,  who  held 
court  at  the  two  county-seats.  On  November  4,  1791,  occurred 
the  celebrated  defeat  of  Governor  St.  Clair,  in  the  western  part 
of  the  present  State  of  Ohio,  by  a  force  of  Indians  under  com- 


*For  an  exhaustive  discussion  of  the  authorship  of  this  famous  provision,  as  well  as 
a  discussion  of  the  claims  of  the  States  to  the  lands  constituting;  the  Northwest  Territdiv, 
see  Moses'  "  Hi.story  of  Ulinois,"  Vol.  I,  pp.  174-192. 


ILLINOIS  —  TIIK   TFKRITORIAI,    PKRIOD. 


49 


niaiitl  of  Little  Turtk",  in  uliicli  iIk-  wliitos  sust.'iincd  a  heavy 
loss  of  both  ineii  and  property.  St.  Clair,  ha\  injj^  resi^nied  his 
coimnand  of  the  army,  was  succeeded  by  (ieii.  Anthony  Wayne, 
will),  in  a  vigorous  campaign,  overwhelmed  the  Indians  with  de- 
feat; this  resulted  in  the  treaty  with  the  Western  tribes  at  Green- 
ville, August  3,  1795,  which  was  the  beginning  of  a  period  of 
comparative  peace  with  the  Indians  all  over  the  Western  country. 

In  1798,  the  Territory  having  gained  the  requisite  popula- 
tion, an  election  of  members  of  a  legislative  Council  and  House 
of  Representatives  was  held  in  accordance  with  the  provisions  of 
the  Ordinance  of  17S7.  This  was  the  first  Territorial  Legisla- 
ture organized  in  the  history  of  the  Republic.  It  met  at  Cincin- 
nati, February  4,  1799,  vShadrach  Bond  being  the  delegate  from 
St.  Clair  County  and  John  Edgar  from  Randolph.  CJen.  Will- 
iam Henry  Harrison,  who  had  succeeded  Sargent  as  Secretary 
of  the  Territory,  June  26,  1798,  was  elected  Delegate  to  Congress, 
receiving  a  majority  of  one  vote  over  Arthur  St.  Clair,  Jr.,  son  of 
the  Governor. 

By  act  of  Congress,  May  7,  1800,  the  Northwest  Territory- 
was  divided  into  Ohio  and  Indiana  Territories;  the  latter  oc- 
cupying the  region  west  of  the  present  State  of  Ohio,  and  hav- 
ing its  capital  at  "Saint  Vincent"  (\'incennes).  Ma^-  13,  William 
Henry  Harrison,  who  had  been  the  first  Delegate  in  Congress 
from  the  Northwest  Territor}',  was  appointed  Governor  of 
Indiana  Territory,  which  at  first  consisted  of  three  counties: 
Knox,  St.  Clair  and  Randolph — the  two  latter  being  within 
the  boundaries  of  the  present  State  of  Illinois.  Their  ag- 
i^regate  population  at  this  time  was  estimated  at  less  than 
5,000.  During  his  administration  Governor  Harrison  con- 
cluded thirteen  treaties  with  the  Indians,  of  which  six  related  to 
the  cession  of  lands  in  Illinois.''' 


■The  first  treaty  relating  to  lands  in  Illinois  was  that  of  (ircenville,  eoiicliided 
liy  General  W'avne  in  1795.  Hy  this  the  C.overiitnent  ac((nired  six  miles  s(juare  at  the 
iiioiitli  of  the  Chicago  River ;  twelve  miles  sqnare  at  the  mouth  of  the  Illinois ;  six  miles 
s(|ii;ire  at  the  old  I'eoria  fort ;  the  post  of  Fort  Massiic  ;  and  I50,(xx)  acres  assigned  to 
(ieiioral  Clark  and  his  soldiers,  besides  all  other  lands  "in  possession  of  the  French  peo- 
ple and  all  other  white  seltlers  amonij;  them,  the  Indian  title  to  which  had  been  thus  ex- 
tinj^uished."— .I/o.sv'.v'  History  of  Illinois. 


50 


THE   WHITE   CITY  —  ILIJXOIS. 


During  the  3'ear  1S03,  the  treaty  with  France  for  the  piu- 
chase  of  Louisiana  and  West  Florida  was  concluded,  and  on 
March  26,  1804,  an  act  was  passed  bj^  Congress  attaching  all 
that  portion  of  Louisiana  lyiug  north  of  the  thirty-third  parallel 
of  latitude  and  west  of  the  Mississippi  to  Indiana  Territory  fur 
governmental  purposes.  This  included  the  present  States  of  Ar- 
kansas, ]\Iissouri,  Kansas,  Nebraska,  Iowa,  Minnesota,  the  two 
Dakotas,  part  of  Colorado,  Wyoming,  Montana,  Idaiio,  Wash- 
ington and  Oregon.  This  arrangement  continued  onl}-  until  the 
following  ]\Iarch,  when  Louisiana  was  placed  under  a  separate 
Territorial  organization. 

For  four  years  Indiana  Territory  was  governed  under  laws 
framed  by  the  Governor  and  Judges,  but,  the  population  having 
increased  to  the  required  number,  an  election  was  held,  Septem- 
ber II,  1S04,  on  the  proposition  to  advance  the  government  to 
the  "second  grade"  by  the  election  of  a  Territorial  Legislature. 
The  smallness  of  the  vote  indicated  the  indifference  of  the  peo- 
ple on  the  subject.  Out  of  400  votes  cast  the  proposition  re- 
ceived a  majority  of  13S.  The  two  Illinois  counties  cast  a  total  of 
142  votes,  of  which  St.  Clair  furnished  81,  and  Randolph  61  ; 
the  former,  giving  a  majority  of  37  against  the  measure  and  the 
latter  19  in  its  favor,  shows  a  net  majority  against  it  of  18;  the 
adoption  of  the  proposition  was  due  therefore,  to  the  affirmative 
vote  in  the  Indiana  district.'^'  At  the  electioi:  of  delegates  to  a 
Territorial  Legislature,  held  January  3,  1805,  Shadrach  Bond, 
Sr.  and  William  Biggs  were  elected  for  St.  Clair  County  and 
George  Fisher  for  Randolph.  Bond  having  meanwhile  becouie 
a  member  of  the  Legislative  Council,  Snadrach  Bond,  Jr.  was 
chosen  his  successor.  The  Legislature  convened  at  Vincennes, 
February  7,  1805,  but  only  to  recommend  a  list  of  persons  from 
whom  it  was  the  duty  of  Congress  to  select  a  Legislative  Coun- 
cil, lu  addition  to  Bond,  Pierre  Menard  was  chosen  for  Ran- 
dolph and  John  Hay  for  St.  Clair. 

*Tticre  were  in  Uit  Territory  at  this  time  six  L-ouiities- ;  one  of  these  (Wayne)  was  ill 
Michigan,  whicli  was  set  off,  in  "iljos,  ns  a  separate  Territorj-. 


'•■wMiMaasraai 


BMtaa 


one  s 
tlic_v 
whicl: 
tlie  w 


^ 


clivisi( 

tions 

From 

wliite 

at  Ku! 

part  ol 

there  ^ 

among 

them  c 

Soutlie 

chnseti 

Golcon 

kaskia, 

grants, 

Clark's 

land  ar 

Bottom 

bctweei 

Americ 

party. 

history 

ber  of  t 

near  K; 

Americ; 

the  sani< 

zen  and 

and  W'i; 

uncle  of 

Morriso 


ILLTXOIS  —  THH   TKRRITORIAI.    IM'.RIOD. 


51 


The  Illinois  counties  were  represented  in  two  regular  and 
one  special  session  of  the  Territorial  Legislature  during  the  time 
thcv  were  a  part  of  Indiana  Territory.  By  act  of  Congress, 
which  became  a  law  February  3,  1S09,  the  Territory  was  divided, 
the  western  part  being  named  Illinois. 

At  this  point  the  history  of  Illinois  as  a  separate  political 
division  begins;  though,  while  its  boundaries  in  all  other  direc- 
tions were  as  now,  on  the  north  it  extended  to  the  Canada  line. 
From  what  has  already  been  said,  it  appears  that  the  earliest 
white  settlements  were  established  by  French  Canadians,  chiefly 
at  Kuskaskia,  Cahokia  and  the  other  villages  in  the  .southern 
part  of  the  American  Bottom.  At  the  time  of  Clark's  invasion, 
there  were  not  known  to  have  been  more  than  two  Americans 
among  these  people,  except  such  hunters  and  trappers  as  paid 
them  occasional  visits.  One  of  the  earliest  American  settlers  in 
Southern  Illinois  wr ;  Cap;.  Nathan  Hull,  who  came  from  Massa- 
chu.setts  and  settled  at  an  early  da}'  on  the  Ohio,  near  where 
Golconda  now  stands,  afterward  removing  to  the  vicinity  of  Kas- 
kaskia,  wh^re  he  died  in  1806.  In  1781,  a  company  of  immi- 
grants, consisting  (with  one  or  two  exceptions)  of  members  of 
Clark's  Command  in  1778,  arrived  with  their  families  from  Mary- 
land and  ^''■irginia  and  established  themselves  on  the  American 
Bottom.  The  ''Xew  Design"  settlement,  on  the  boundary  liue 
between  St.  Clair  and  Monroe  counties,  and  the  first  distinctively 
American  colony  in  the  "Illinois  Country,"  was  established  by  this 
party.  Some  of  its  members  afterward  became  prominent  in  the 
history  of  the  Territory  and  the  vState.  William  Biggs,  a  mem- 
ber of  the  first  Territorial  Legislature,  with  others,  settled  iii  or 
near  Kaskaskia  about  1783,  and  \\'illiani  Arundel,  the  first 
American  merchant  at  Cahokia,  came  there  from  Peoria  during 
tlie  same  year.  Gen.  John  Edgar,  for  many  years  a  leading  citi- 
zen and  merchant  at  the  capital,  arrived  at  Kaskaskia  in  1784, 
and  William  Morrison,  Kaskaskia's  principal  merchant,  and  an 
uncle  of  the  late  Col.  J.  L.  D.  Morrison  and  of  Hon.  William  R. 
Morrison,  came    from   Philadelphia    as  early    as    1790.  followed 


52 


THK    WHITK    CITY — IIJ.IXOIS. 


some  years  -afterward  by  several  brothers.  James  Lemen  came 
before  the  beginning  of  the  present  centnr}-,  and  was  the  founder 
of  a  hirge  and  influential  famil}-  in  the  vicinity  of  Shiloh,  vSt. 
Clair  County,  and  Rev.  David  Bagley  headed  a  colony  of  one 
hundred  and  fifty-four  from  \'irginia,  who  arrived  in  1797. 
Among  other  prominent  arrivals  of  this  period  were  John  Rice 
Jones,  Pierre  Menard  (First  Lieutenant-Governor  of  tie  Statei, 
vShadrach  Bond,  Jr.  (First  Governor),  John  Hay,  John  Messen- 
ger, William  Kinn.e}-,  Capt.  Joseph  Ogle;  and  of  a  later  dalo, 
Nathaniel  Pope  (afterward  Secretary  of  the  Territory,  Delegate 
to  Congress,  Justice  of  the  United  States  Court  and  father  of 
the  late  Maj.-Gen.  John  Pope),  Elias  Kent  Kane  (first  Sec- 
retary of  State  and  afterward  United  States  Senator),  Daniel  P. 
Cook  (first  Attorney-General  and  second  Representative  in  Con- 
gress), George  Forqiier  (at  one  time  Secretary  of  State),  and  Dr. 
George  Fisher — all  prominent  iii  Territorial  or  vState  history. 

The  government  of  the  new  Territory  was  organized  by  the 
aiipointment  of  Ninian  Edwards — who  had  been  Chief-Justice 
of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Kentucky — Governor;  Nathaniel  Pope, 
Secretarv.  and  Alex.  Stuart,  Obadiah  Jones  and  James  R. 
Thomas,  Territorial  Judges.  Stuart  having  been  transferred  lo 
Missouri,  Stanley  Griswold  was  appointed  in  his  stead.  Gov- 
ernor Edwards  arrived  at  Kaskaskia,  the  capital,  in  June,  iSoq. 
At  that  time  the  two  counties  of  »St.  Clair  and  Randolpli  com- 
prised the  settled  portion  of  the  Territory,  with  a  white  popula- 
tian  estimated  at  about  9,000.  The  Governor  and  Judges  im- 
mediately proceeded  to  formulate  a  code  of  laws,  and  tlie  appoint- 
ments  made  b\  Secretary  Pope,  who  had  preceded  the  Governor 
in  his  arrival  in  the  Territoiy,  were  confirmed.  Benjamii:  J. 
Boyk  was  the  first  Attorney-General,  but  he  resigned  in  a  few- 
months  when  the  place  was  offered  to  John  J.  Cri^^^pudcn,  wlio 
was    United     States    Senator    from    Kentu  ':',•    al    t.  e       .gin- 

itt'-PCi'^n 


\  ',S 


ning  of  the  late  war,  who  declined.     Thomas  i". 
then  appointed. 

An  incident  of  tlie  year  i<Sn  was  the  bactle  of  Tv.   )&canot, 


ILLINOIS  —  THK  TERRITORIAL    I'KRIOD. 


53 


resulting  in  the  defeat  of  Tecitnuseh  the  great  Chief  of  the 
Shawnees,  by  General  Harrison.  Four  companies  of  mounted 
nui^^crs  were  raised  in  Illinois  this  year  under  direction  of  Col. 
\\  illiam  Russell,  of  Kentucky,  who  built  Camp  Russell  near 
t^dwardsville  the  following  j'ear.  They  were  commanded  by 
Captains  Samuel  Whiteside,  William  B.  Whiteside,  James  B. 
Moore  and  Jacob  Short.  The  memorable  earthquake  which  had 
its  centre  about  New  Madrid,  Missouri,  occurred  in  December  of 
this  year,  and  was  severely  felt  in  some  portions  of  Southern 
Illinois. 

During  the  following  year  the  second  war  with  England 
broke  out,  but  no  serious  outbreak  occurred  in  Illinois  until  Au- 
gust, 1812,  when  the  massacre  at  Fort  Dearborn,  where  Chicago 
now  stands,  took  place.  This  had  long  been  a  favorite  trading 
post  of  the  Indians,  at  first  under  French  occupation  and  after- 
ward under  the  Americans.  Sometime  during  1803-4,  a  fort  had 
been  built  near  the  mouth  of  the  Chicago  on  the  south  side,  on 
land  acquired  at  the  time  of  the  treaty  of  Greenville  in  1795. 
It  consisted  of  two  block-houses  with  a  parade-ground  and  sally- 
port surrounded  b}'  a  stockade.  In  the  spring  of  18 12  some 
alarm  had  been  caused  by  outrages  committed  by  Indians  in  the 
vicinity,  and  in  the  early  part  of  August  Capt.  Nathan  Heald, 
commanding  the  garrison  of  less  than  seventy-five  men,  received 
instructions  from  General  Hull,  in  command  at  Detroit,  to 
evacuate  the  fort,  disposing  of  the  public  property  as  he  might 
..^e  proper.  Friendly  Indians  advised  Heald  either  to  make 
preparations  for  a  vigorous  defense,  or  evacuate  at  once.  Instead 
of  this,  he  notified  the  Indians  of  his  intention  to  retire  and 
divide  the  stores  among  them,  with  the  condition  subsequently 
agreed  upon  in  council,  that  his  garrison  should  be  afforded  an 
escort  and  safe  passage  to  Fort  Wayne.  On  the  fourteenth  of 
.\ugust  he  proceeded  to  distribute  the  bulk  of  the  goods  as 
promised  bit  the  ammunition,  guns  and  liquors  were  destroyed. 
This  he  justified  on  the  ground  that  a  bad  use  would  be  made  of 
them,  whih'  the  Indians  construed  it  as  a  violation  of  the  agree- 


54 


THK    WHITK   CITY  —  ILMXOKS. 


'.til,, 


nicnt.      The  tragedy  wliicli  followed,  is  thus  described  in  Moses' 
"History  of  Illinois:" 

"  Black  Partridge,  u  Pottawatomie  chief  who  had  been  on 
terms  of  friendship  with  the  whites,  appeared  before  C:i})tain 
Hcald  and  informed  him  plainly  that  his  young  men  intended  tn 
imljrne  their  hands  in  the  blood  of  the  whites;  that  he  was  mi 
longer  able  to  restrain  them,  and,  surrendering  a  medal  he  had 
worn  in  token  of  amity,  closed  by  saying:  'I  will  not  wear  a 
token  of  peace  while  I  am  compelled  to  act  as  an  enemy.'  In 
the  meantime  the  Indians  were  rioting  upon  the  provisions,  and 
becoming  so  agsTessive  in  their  ix-aring  that  it  was  resolved  to 
march  out  the  n?At  day.  The  fatal  fifteenth  arrived.  To  each 
soldier  M  as  distributed  twenty-five  rounds  of  resen-ed  annnnnition^ 
The  baggage  and  ambulance  wagons  ^vere  laden,  and  the  garrison 
slowlv  wended  its  way  outside  the  protecting  walls  of  the  fort — 
the  Indian  escort  of  500  following  in  the  rear.  What  ne.xt  oc- 
curred in  this  disastrous  movement  is  narrated  b}-  Captain  Heald 
in  his  report,  as  follows:  'The  situation  of  the  country  ren- 
dered it  necessar}  for  us  to  take  the  beach,  with  the  lake  on  onr 
left,  and  a  high  sand-bank  on  our  right  at  about  three  hundred 
yards  distance.  We  had  proceeded  about  a  mile  and  a  half, 
when  it  was  discovered  [by  Captain  Wells]  that  the  Indians 
were  prepared  to  attack  us  from  behind  the  bank.  I  immedi- 
ately marched  up  with  the  company  to  the  top  of  the  bank,  when 
the  action  commenced;  after  firing  one  round,  we  charged,  and 
the  Indians  gave  way  in  front  and  joined  those  on  our  flanks. 
In  about  fifteen  minutes  they  got  possession  of  all  our  horses, 
provisions  and  baggage  of  every  description,  and  finding  tlic 
Miamis  [who  had  come  from  Fort  Wayne  witli  Captain  Wells  to 
act  as  an  escort]  did  not  assist  us,  I  drew  off  the  few  men  I  had 
left  and  took  possession  of  a  snuill  elevation  in  the  open  prairie 
out  of  shot  of  the  bank,  or  any  other  cover.  The  Indians  d\d 
not  follow  me  but  assembled  in  a  body  on  the  top  of  the  bank, 
and  after  some  consultation  among  them.selves,  made  signs  for  me 
to  approach  them.     I  advanced  towr.rd  them  alone,  and  was  met 


oil 


lid 


)ur 


lit". 


lis 


KMl 


aiKl 


1!C 


10 


ine 


(iKl 


■  IIK' 


rm,%  1 1  wiiwii— Wia— ^— 


bv  :)nc'  of 

terpreter. 

promising 

nieiits  coil! 

comply  wii 

dencc  in  1 

but  what  c 

numbers? 

upon  the  fi 

Twcnty-si> 

twelve  chil 

Wells,  Dr. 

Wells,  whe 

ricd  among 

stratagems, 

ter,  and  wl 

Heald),  by 

est  chance 

God  bless  3 

thickest  of 

what  his  fat 

with  his  toi 

ate  a  portio: 

"The  J 

wounded,  L 

fne  non-con 

and  childrei 

Kinzie's  fan 

ludians  and 

engaged  in  1 

few  Chippe 

Dearborn  w 

Thus  e 

tile  soil  of  I 

this  aifair  o( 


ILLINOIS  —  THK   TKRRITORIAI,    PERIOD. 


55 


bv  ;>"<-■  of  the  Pottawatomie  chiefs  called  Black  Bird,  with  an  in 
terpreter.  After  shakinji^  hands,  he  requested  me  to  surrender, 
promising  to  spare  the  lives  of  all  the  prisoners.  On  a  few  mo- 
ments consideration  I  concluded  it  would  be  most  prudent  to 
comply  with  this  request,  although  I  did  not  put  entire  confi- 
dence in  his  promise.  The  troops  had  made  a  brave  defense, 
l)ut  what  could  so  small  a  force  do  against  such  overwhelming 
nmnbers?  It  was  evident  with  over  half  their  number  dead 
upon  the  field,  or  wounded,  further  resistance  would  be  hoptless. 
Twenty-six  regtilars  and  twelve  militia,  with  two  women  and 
twche  children,  were  killed.  Among  the  slain  were  Captain 
Wells,  Dr.  Van  Voorhis  and  Ensign  George  Ronan.  [Captain 
Wells,  wher  young,  had  been  captured  by  Indians  and  had  mar- 
ried among  them.]  He  (Wells)  was  familiar  with  all  the  wiles, 
stratagems,  as  well  as  the  vindictiveness  of  the  Indian  charac- 
ter, and  when  the  conflict  began,  he  .said  to  his  niece  (Mrs. 
Heald),  by  who.se  .side  he  was  standing,  'We  have  not  the  slight- 
est chance  for  life;  we  must  part  to  meet  no  more  in  this  world. 
Ood  bless  you.'  With  these  words  he  dashed  forward  into  the 
tliickest  of  the  fight.  He  refused  to  be  taken  pri.soner,  knowing 
what  his  fate  would  be,  when  a  3'oung  red-skin  cut  him  down 
with  his  tomahawk,  jumped  upon  his  bod}-,  cut  out  his  heart  and 
ate  a  portion  of  it  with  savage  delight. 

"The  prisoners  taken  were  Captain  Heald  and  wife,  both 
wounded.  Lieutenant  Helm,  also  wounded,  and  wife,  with  twenty- 
five  non-commissioned  officers  and  privates,  and  eleven  women 
and  children.  The  loss  of  the  Indians  was  fifteen  killed.  Mr. 
Kinzie's  family  had  been  entrusted  to  the  care  of  some  friendly 
Indians  and  were  not  with  the  retiring  garrison.  The  Indians 
engaged  in  this  outrage  were  principal!}-  Pottawatomies,  with  a 
few  Chippewas,  Ottawas,  Wiunebagoes  and  Kickapoos.  Fort 
Dearborn  was  plundered  and  burned  on  the  next  morning." 

Thus  ended  the  most  bloody  tragedy  that  ever  occurred  on 
the  soil  of  Illinois  with  Americans  as  victims.  The  place  where 
this  affair  occurred,  as  described  by  Captain  Heald,  was  on  the 


56 


THK    WHITK   CITY — ILLINOIS. 


lake  shore  about  at  the  foot  of  Fiighteeiith  Street  in  the  presint 
city  "f  Chicago.'" 

The  part  plaj'ed  by  Illinois  in  the  War  of  1.S12,  consisted 
chiefly  in  lookinjj^  after  the  large  Indian  population  within  and 
near  it.s  borders.  Two  expeditions  were  undertaken  to  Peoria 
Lake  in  the  fall  of  1S12;  the  first  of  these  under  the  directiuu 
of  Governor  Edwards,  burned  two  Kickapoo  villages,  one  of 
them  being  that  of  "Black  Partridge"  who  had  befriended  the 
whites  at  Fort  Dearborn.  A  few  weeks  later  Capt.  Thomas 
E.  Craig,  at  the  head  of  a  company  of  militia,  made  a  descent 
upon  the  ancient  French  village  of  Peoria,  on  the  pretext  that 
the  inhabitants  had  harbored  hostile  Indians  and  fired  on  his 
boats.  He  burned  a  part  of  the  town  and  taking  the  people  as 
prisoners  down  the  river,  put  them  ashore  below  Alton,  in  the 
beginning  of  winter.     Both  these  affiurs  were  .severely  censured. 

There  were  expeditions  against  the  Indians  on  the  Illinois 
and  Upper  Mississippi  in  1S13  and  1814.  In  the  latter  year, 
Illinois  troops  took  part  with  credit  in  two  engagements  at  Rock 
Island — the  last  of  the.se  being  in  co-operation  with  regulars,  un- 
der comnuind  of  Maj.  Zachary  Taylor,  afterward  President, 
against  a  force  of  Indians  supported  by  the  British.  Fort  Clark 
at  Peoria  was  erected  in  181 3,  and  Fort  Edwards  at  Warsaw,  op- 
posite the  mouth  of  the  Des  Moines,  at  the  close  of  the  cam- 
paign of  1S14.  A  council  with  tlie  Indians,  conducted  hv 
Governors  Edwards  of  Illinois  and  Clarke  of  Missouri,  and 
Auguste  Chouteau,  a  merchant  of  St.  Louis,  as  Government 
Commissioners,  on  the  Mississippi  just  below  Alton,  in  July. 
1  Si  5,  concluded  a  treaty  of  peace  with  the  principal  Northwestern 
tribes,  thus  ending  the  war. 

Bv  Act  of  Congress,  adopted  May  21,  181 2,  the  Territory  of 
Illinois  was  raised  to  the  second  grade — /.  c.  empowered  to  elect 


*Afl.er  the  destruction  of  the  fort  the  site  of  the  present  city  of  Chicago  ;-i.iit;iiiiwl 
unoccupied  until  1816,  when  the  fort  w.is  rebuilt.  At  lluit  time  the  hones  of  the  \  it  liiiis 
of  the  in.issacre  of  1H12  still  lay  bkachiu).;  u]v)n  the  sands  near  the  lake  shore,  hul  tiny 
were  j;athered  uj)  a  few  years  later  and  buried.  The  new  fort  continued  to  be  occupicil 
somewhat  irrej^ularly  until  18,^7,  when  it  was  tiiudly  abandoned,  there  being  no  li'iijjtT 
any  reason  fur  uuiiniaining  it  as  a  defense  against  the  Indian.s 


ILLINOIS  —  THE  TiiRRiTOKIAL   PERIOIJ. 


57 


a  Territorial  Lcjj^islaturc.  In  September,  three  additional  cDun- 
tiis — Madison,  Oallatin  and  Johnson — were  orjjanized,  making; 
five  in  all,  and  in  October  an  election  for  the  choice  of  five  nicni- 
Inrs  of  the  Council  and  seven  Representatives  was  held,  re- 
sulting as  follows:  Councilnien — Pierre  Menard,  of  Randolph 
County;  William  Hiji^gs,  of  St.  Clair;  Samnel  Judy,  of  Madison; 
Thomas  Ferguson,  of  Johnson,  and  Benjamin  Talbot,  of  Galla- 
tin :  Representatives — George  F'isher,  of  Randolph;  Joshua 
Oglcsby  and  Jacob  Short,  of  St.  Clair;  William  Jones,  of  Madi- 
son; Phillip  Trammel  and  Alexander  Wilson,  of  Gallatin,  and 
John  Grammar,  of  Johnson.  The  Legislature  met  at  Kaskaskia, 
November  25th,  the  Council  organizing  with  Pierre  Menard  as 
President  and  John  Thomas,  Secretary,  and  the  House,  with 
George  Fisher  as  Speaker  and  William  C.  Greenup,  Clerk. 
Sliadrach  Bond  was  elected  the  first  Delegate  to  Congress. 

A  second  Legislature  was  elected  in  1814,  convening  at  Kas- 
kaskia, November  14th.  Menard  was  continued  President  of  the 
Council  during  the  whole  Territorial  period;  while  George 
Fisher  was  Speaker  of  each  Hou.sc,  except  the  .second.  The 
county  of  Edwards  was  organized  in  i<Si4  and  White,  in  i«Si5. 
Other  counties  organized  under  the  Territorial  Government 
were  Jackson,  Monroe,  Crawford  and   Pope    in   1816;   Bond    in 

1517,  and  Franklin,  Union  and  \\'ashington  in  nSiS.  making 
fifteen  in  all.  In  1816  the  Bank  of  Illinois  was  established  at 
Shawneetown,  with  branches  at  FCdwardsville  and  Kaskaskia. 

Besides  the  French  villages  in  the  American  Bottom,  there 
is  said  to  have  been  a  French  ind  Indian  village  on  the  west 
bank  of  Peoria  Lake,  as  early  as  171 1.  This  site  appears  to 
h;'.  ■  been  abandoned  about  1775  and  a  new  village  established 
on  tite  present  site  of  Peoria,  soon  after,  which  was  maintained 
in.til  1 81 2,  when  it  was  broken  up  by  Captain  Craig.  Other 
early  towns  were  vShawneetown,  laid  out  in  1808;  Belleville, 
established  as  the  county-seat  of  St.  Clair  County,  in  7814 ;  Ed- 
wardsville,  founded  in  1815;  Upper  Alton,  in  1816,  a.:  1  Alton  in 

1518.  Carnii,  Fairfield,    Waterloo,    Golconda,    Law  renceville, 


r. 


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58 


THE   WHITE   CITY  —  ILLINOIS. 


Mt.  Cannel  and  Vienna  also  belong  to  this  period;  while  Jack 
sonville,  Springfield  and  Galena  were  settled  a  few  years  latei 


Chicago   is    mentioned  in 
village  of  Pike  Connty." 


Beck's  Gazetteer"    of  1823,  as    ''a 


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CHAPTER  VII. 


UNDER    vSTATE    GOVERNMENT. 

ILLINOIS     ADMITTED     INTO    THE     UNION  —  ADMINISTRATION     OF 

GOVERNOR     BOND — REMOVAL     OF     THE     CAPITAL    TO     VAN- 

DALIA — GOVERNOR     COLES  —  EMANCIPATION    OF     HIS 

SLAVES — ATTEMPT   TO    INTRODUCE  SLAVERY   INTO 

ILLINOIS — THE   PROMINENT    LEADERS. 

p^^i^HE  preliminary  steps  for  the  admission  of  Illinois 
as  a  State,  were  taken  in  the  passage  of  an 
Enabling  Act  by  Congress,  April  13,  1S18.  An 
important  incident  in  this  connection  was  the 
amendment  of  the  act,  making  the  parallel  of 
42°  30'  from  Lake  Michigan  to  the  Mississippi 
River  the  northern  bonndary,  instead  of  a  line 
extending  from  the  southern  extremity  of  the 
Lake.  This  was  obtained  through  the  influence  of  Hon.  Nathan- 
iel Pope,  then  Delegate  from  Illinois,  and  by  it  the  State  secured 
a  strip  of  countr}-  fifty-one  miles  in  width,  from  the  Lake  to  the 
Mississippi,  embracing  what  have  since  become  fourteen  of  the 
most  populous  counties  of  the  State,  including  the  city  of  Chi- 
ca,e[o.  The  political,  material  and  moral  results  which  have  fol- 
lowed this  important  act,  have  been  the  subject  of  much 
interesting  discussion  and  cannot  be  easily  over-estimated. '•• 

Ariother  measure  of  great  importance,  which  Mr.  Pope  se- 
cured, was  a  modification  of  the  provision  of  the  enabling  act 
requiring  the  appropriation  of  five  per  cent,  of  the  proceeds  from 


*This  subject,  .is  well  as  the  validity  of  this  portion  of  the  net,  is  treated  at  Iciij^th  in 
Moses'  "History  of  Illinois,"  pp.  276-2'8i. 

!lliiii)ifi.  59 


frmm^^mmF'. 


fa*  rii^WMihiitiinMlMt  mmm 


\\w 


11 


60 


THE   WHITE   CITY  —  ILLINOIS. 


!l!i!iiii3 


the  sale  of  public  lands  within  the  State,  to  the  construction  of 
roads  and  canals.  '  The  amendment  which  he  secured  authorizes 
the  application  of  two-fifths  of  this  fund  to  the  making  of  roads 
leading  to  the  State,  but  requires  "the  residue  to  be  appropriated 
by  the  Legislature  of  the  State  for  the  encouragement  of  learn- 
ing, of  which  one-sixth  part  shall  be  exclusively  bestowed  on  a 
college  or  university."  This  was  the  beginning  of  that  system 
of  liberal  encouragement  of  education  by  the  General  Govern- 
ment, which  has  been  attended  with  such  beneficent  results  in 
the  younger  States,  and  has  reflected  so  much  honor  upon  the 
Nation. 

The  enabling  act  required  as  a  precedent  condition  that  a 
census  of  the  Territory,  to  be  taken  that  year,  should  show  a 
popiilation  of  40,000.  Such  a  result  was  shown,  but  it  is  now 
confessed  that  the  number  was  greatly  exaggerated,  the  true 
population  as  afterward  given  being  34,020.  According  to  the 
decennial  census  of  1820,  the  population  of  the  State  at  that 
time  was  55,162.  If  there  was  any  short-coming  in  this  respect 
in  1 81 8,  the  State  has  full}-  compensated  for  it  by  its  unexampled 
growth  in  later  years. 

An  election  of  delegates  to  a  convention  to  frame  a  State 
Constitution  was  held  July  6-8,  181 8  (consuming  three  days), 
thirty-three  delegates  being  chosen  from  the  fifteen  counties  of 
the  State.  The  convention  met  at  Kaskaskia,  August  3,  and 
organized  by  the  election  of  Jesse  B.  Thomas,  President,  and 
William  C.  Greenup,  Secretarj^,  closing  its  labors  August  26tli. 
The  Constitution,  which  was  modeled  largely  upon  the  Consti- 
tutions of  Kentucky,  Ohio  and  Indiana,  was  not  submitted  to  a 
vote  of  the  people.  Objection  was  made  to  its  acceptance  bv 
Congress  on  the  ground  that  the  population  of  the  Territory 
was  insufficient  and  that  the  prohibition  of  slavery  was  not  as 
explicit  as  required  by  the  Ordinance  of  1787;  but  these  argu- 
ments were  overcome  and  the  document  accepted  by  a  vote  of  11 7 
yeas  to  34  nays.  The  onh'  officers  whose  election  was  provided 
for  by  popular  vote,  were   the    Governor,  Lieutenant-Governor, 


ILUNOIS  —  UNDER   STATE   GOVERNMENT. 


6l 


.Sheriff,  Coroner  and  County  Commissioners.  The  Secretary  of 
State,  State  Treasurer,  Auditor  of  Public  Accounts,  Public 
Printer  and  Supreme  and  Circuit  Judges  were  all  appointive 
eiti^er  by  the  Governor  or  General  Assembly.  The  elective  fran- 
chise was  granted  to  all  white  male  inhabitants,  above  the  age  of 
21  years,  who  had  resided  in  the  State  '^ix  months. 

Tlie  first  State  election  was  held  September  17,  1818,  result- 
ing in  the  choice  of  Shadrach  Bond  for  Governor,  and  Pierre 
Menard,  Lieutenant-Governor.  The  Legislature  chosen  at  the 
same  time,  consisted  of  thirteen  Senators  and  twenty-seven  Rep- 
resentatives. It  commenced  its  session  at  Kaskaskia,  October  5, 
18:8,  and  adjourned  after  a  session  of  ten  days,  awaiting  the 
formal  admission  oi  the  State,  which  took  place  December  3d. 
A  second  session  of  the  same  Legislature  was  held,  extending 
from  January  4th,  to  March  31,  18 19.  Ri.sdon  Moore  was 
Speaker  of  the  first  House.  The  other  State  officers  elected  at 
the  first  session  were  EHas  C.  Berry,  Auditor ;  John  Thomas, 
Treasurer,  and  Daniel  P.  Cook,  Attorney-General.  EHas  Kent 
Kane,  having  been  appointed  Secretary  of  State  by  the  Gov- 
ernor, was  confirmed  by  the  Senate.  Ex-Governor  Edwards  and 
Jesse  B.  Thomas  were  elected  United  States  Senators,  the  former 
serving  one  year,  when  he  was  re-elected.  Thomas  served  two 
terms,  retiring  in  1829.  The  first  Supreme  Court  consisted  of 
Joseph  Phillips,  Chief  Justice,  with  Thomas  C.  Browne,  William 
P.  Foster  and  John  Reynolds,  Associate  Justices.  Foster,  who 
was  a  mere  adventurer  without  any  legal  knowledge,  left  the 
vState  in  a  few  months  and  was  succeeded  b}^  William  Wilson. 

Alenard,  who  served  as  Lieutenant-Governor  four  years,  was 
a  noteworthy  man.  A  native  of  Canada  and  of  French  descent, 
he  came  to  Kaskaskia  in  1790,  at  the  age  of  twentj'-four  years, 
and  engaged  in  mercantile  pursuits.  He  was  hospitable,  frank, 
liberal  and  enterprising.  The  following  story  related  of  him 
illustrates  a  pleasant  feature  of  his  character.  "  At  one  time 
there  was  a  scarcity  of  salt  in  the  country,  and  Menard  held  the 
only  supply  outside  of  St.  Louis.     A   number  of  his  neighbors 


62 


THK   WHITK    CITV  —  ILLINOIS. 


I  ■  f. 


called  iiijon  him  for  what  the}'  wanted  ;  he  declined  to  let  thciii 
knew  whether  he  conld  snpply  them  or  not.  bnt  told  them  tn 
come  to  his  store  on  a  certain  day  when  he  would  inrorm  thcni. 
They  came  at  the  time  appointed,  and  were  seated  :  Menard 
passed  aronnd  amonjj^  them  and  inquired  of  each,  'You  yot 
money?  '  Some  said  they  had  and  some  that  they  had  not,  hut 
would  i)ay  as  soon  as  they  killed  their  hogs.  Those  who  had 
money  he  directed  to  range  themselves  on  one  side  of  the  room 
and  those  who  had  none,  on  the  other.  Of  course,  those  wlui 
had  the  means  expected  to  get  tlu?  salt  and  the  others  looked 
very  much  distres.sed  and  crestfallen.  Menard  then  spoke  up  in 
his  brusque  way,  and  said,  'You  men  who  got  de  money,  can  go 
to  St.  Louis  for  your  salt.  Dese  poor  men  who  got  no  money 
shall  have  my  salt,  by  gar.'  Such  was  the  man — noble-hearted 
and  large  minded,  if  unpolished  and  uncouth.'' 

Daniel  P.  Cook,  the  first  Attorney-General,  was  a  native  of 
Kentucky  and  a  nephew  of  Nathaniel  Pope,  who  was  the  last 
Territorial  Delegate  in  Congress  from  Illinois  and  the  first  Judge 
of  the  I"^nited  States  District-Circuit  for  Illinois,  which  office  he 
held  lip  to  his  death  in  1S50.  In  tSi6,  Cook  was  practicing  law 
at  Kaskaskia,  while  manager  and  part  owner  of  the  flli)u)is  In- 
tclliiyoicrr,  the  first  paper  publi.shed  in  the  Territory.  The  same 
year  he  was  appointed  Auditor  '-A  Public  Accounts,  and  in  iSiS 
a  Circuit  Judge,  followed  by  the  appointment  of  Attorne3'-Gen- 
eral  on  the  organization  of  the  State  Government.  He  was  ;i 
candidate  for  Representative  in  Congress 'at  the  first  State  elec- 
tion, but  was  defeated  b}'  John  McLean,  of  Shawueetown.  At 
the  next  election  he  was  more  successful,  defeating  McLean  bva 
majority  of  633  in  a  total  vote  of  3,751.  He  continued  to  serve 
Illinois  as  its  sole  Representative  until  1S27,  when  he  was  de- 
feated by  Joseph  Duncan,  afterward  Governor.  He  died  in  Ken- 
tucky in  October  of  the  same  j^ear,  aged  33  years.  He  was  a 
3'oung  man  of  rare  ability,  an  opponent  of  slavery,  and  the 
State  is  chiefly  indebted  to  him  for  securing  from  the  Govern- 
ment  the  first  grant  for   the   construction  of  the    Illinois   and 


'««*WI»., 


II.MNOIS  —  rNDHK    STATl-;   CoVlvKN'MKNT. 


63 


MidiiKi^ii  Canal.  His  services  were  recognized  by  naming  Cook 
County  in  his  honor. 

At  the  second  session  of  tin.  (General  Assembly,  five  Com- 
missioners were  appointed  to  select  a  new  site  for  the  State  Capi- 
tal. What  is  now  the  city  of  \'andalia  was  selected,  and  in  De- 
cenilHr,  1820,  the  entire  archives  of  the  State  were  removed  to 
the  new  capital,  being  transported  in  one  small  wagon,  at  a  cost 
of  525.00,  under  the  supervision  of  the  late  Sidney  Bree.se,  who 
afterward  became  United  States  Senator  and  Justice  of  the  Su- 
preme Court. 

Duriiig  the  session  of  the  Second  General  As.sembly,  which 
met  at  Vandalia,  December  4,  1820,  a  bill  was  pas.scd  establishing 
a  State  Bank  at  \'andalia,  with  branches  at  Shawneetown,  Kd- 
wardsville  and  Brownsville.  John  McLean,  who  had  been  the 
first  Representative  in  Congress,  was  Speaker  of  the  House  at 
this  session.  He  was  twice  elected  to  the  United  States  Senate, 
though  he  served  only  about  two  years,  dying  in  1830. 

The  second  State  election,  which  occurred  in  August,  1822, 
proved  the  beginning  of  a  turbulent  period  through  the  intro- 
duction of  some  exciting  questions  into  State  politics.  There 
were  four  candidates  for  gubernatorial  honors  in  the  field:  Chief- 
Justice  Phillips,  of  the  Supreme  Court,  supported  by  the  friends 
of  Governor  Bond;  As.sociate-Justice  Browne,  of  the  same  court, 
supported  by  the  friends  of  Governor  Edwards;  Gen.  James  B. 
Moore,  a  noted  Indian  fighter  and  the  candidate  of  the  "Old 
Rangers,"  and  Edward  Coles.  The  latter  was  a  native  of  Vir- 
ginia, who  had  served  as  private  secretary  of  President  Monroe, 
and  had  been  employed  as  a  special  messenger  to  Russia.  He 
had  made  two  visits  to  Illinois,  the  first  in  18 15  and  the  second 
in  1818.  The  Convention  to  form  a  State  Constitution  being 
in  session  at  the  date  of  the  latter  visit,  he  took  a  deep  interest 
in  the  discussion  of  the  slavery  question  and  exerted  his  influ- 
ence in  securing  the  adoption  of  the  prohibitory  article  in  the 
organic  law.  On  April  i,  1819,  he  started  from  his  home  in  Vir- 
ginia to  remove  to  Edwardsville,  Illinois,  taking  with  him  his 


THK   WHITK   tITV  —ILLINOIS. 


!? 


ten  slaves.  The  journey  (rnm  Brownsville,  Pennsylvania,  was 
made  in  two  ilat-boats  to  a  point  below  Louisville,  where  he  (lis- 
embarkea,  traveling  by  land  to  Rdwardsville.  While  de.scendiiij^r 
the  Ohio  River  he  surprised  his  slaves  by  announcing  that  tl'c'v 
were  free.  The  scene  as  described  by  himself  was  most  dramatic. 
Having  declined  to  avail  themselves  of  the  privilege  of  leaving 
him,  he  took  them  with  him  to  his  destination,  where  he  event- 
ually gave  each  head  of  a  family  one  hundred  and  sixty  acres  of 
land.  Arrived  at  Edwardsville,  he  assumed  the  position  of  Reg- 
ister of  the  Land  Office,  to  which  he  had  been  appointed  by 
President  Monroe,  before  leaving  \'irginia. 

The  act  of  Coles  with  reference  to  his  slaves  established  his 
reputation  as  an  opponent  of  slavery,  and  it  was  in  this  attitude 
that  he  stood  as  a  candidate  for  Governor — both  Phillips  and 
Browne  being  friendly  to  "the  institution,"  which  had  had  a  vir- 
tual existence  in  the  "  Illinois  Country  "  from  the  time  Renault 
brought  500  slaves  to  the  vicinity  of  Kaskaskia,  one  hundred 
years  before ;  and,  although  the  Constitution  declared  that 
"  neither  slavery  nor  involuntary  servitude  shall  hereafter  be  in- 
troduced into  the  State,"  this  had  not  been  effectual  in  eliminat- 
ing it.  In  fact,  while  this  language  was  construed,  so  long  as  it 
remained  in  the  Constitution,  as  prohibiting  legislation  author- 
izing the  admission  of  slaves  from  outside,  it  was  not  regarded 
as  inimical  to  the  institution  as  it  already  existed;  and,  as  the 
population  came  largely  from  the  slave  States,  there  had  been  a 
rapidly  growing  sentiment  in  favor  of  removing  the  inhibitory 
clause.  Although  the  pro-slavery  party  was  divided  between 
two  candidates  for  Governor,  it  had  hardly  contemplated  the 
possibility  of  defeat,  and  it  was  consequently  a  surprise  when  the 
returns  showed  that  Coles  was  elected,  receiving  2,854  votes  to 
2,687  for  Phillips,  2,443  ^"^^  Browne  and  622  for  Moore — Coles' 
plurality  being  167  in  a  total  of  8,606.  Coles  thus  became  Gov- 
ernor on  less  than  one-third  of  the  popular  vote.  Daniel  P 
Cook,  who  had  made  the  race  for  Congress  at  the  same  election 
against  McLean,  as  an  avowed  opponent  of  slavery,  was  success- 
ful by  a  majority  of  876. 


ILLINOIS — rXDKR    STATH   C.OVKRNMHNT. 


65 


The  real  struggle  was  now  to  occur  in  the  Lejjjishiturc, 
which  met  December  2,  1S22.  The  House  organized  with  Will- 
iam M.  Alexander  as  Speaker,  while  the  Senate  elected  Thomas 
Lippincotl  (afterward  a  promitient  Presbyterian  minister  and  fa- 
ther of  the  late  Gen.  Cliarles  K.  Lippincott),  Secretary  and 
Henry  Dodge  (afterward  Governor  of  Wisconsin  Territory  and 
father  of  the  late  Augustus  C  Dodge,  for  some  time  United 
States  Senator  from  Iowa),  Enrolling  and  Engrossing  Clerk. 
Tile  other  State  officers  aj^pointed  by  the  Governor,  or  elected  by 
the  Legislature,  were  Samuel  D.  Lockwood,  Secretary  o^  State; 
lilisha  C;  Perry,  Auditor;  Abm  '  Field,  Treasurer;  and  James 
Turney,  Attorney-General.  Lockwood  had  served  nearly  two 
years  previously  as  Attorney-General,  but  remained  in  the  office 
of  Secretary  of  State  only  three  months,  when  he  resigned  to 
accept  the  position  of  Receiver  for  the  Land  Office.''' 

The  slavery  question  came  up  in  the  Legislature  on  the 
reference  to  a  special  committee  of  a  portion  of  the  Governor's 
message,  calling  attention  to  the  continued  existence  of  slavery 
in  spite  of  the  ordinance  of  1787,  and  recommending  that  steps 
be  taken  for  its  extinction.  ALajority  and  minority  repo^-ts  were 
submitted,  the  former  claiming  the  right  of  the  State  to  amend  its 
C.)nstitution  and  thereby  make  such  disposition  of  the  slaves  as 
it  saw  proper.     Out  of  this  grew  a  resolution  submitting  to  the 


*T,(Kkwoo(l  was  .1  native  of  New  York  .and  c.iine  from  A  ilnirn  in  that  .State  to  Illi- 
nnis  in  company  willi  the  hile  Willian;  H.  lirown,  of  Chicago,  in  iSiS.  After  servinj;  as 
Receiver  of  I'nblic  Moneys  at  I'/UvardsviHe,  he  was,  in  1S2.),  elected  by  tlic  Lej^islature  a 
Justice  of  the  .Supreme  Court,  servinjf  until  the  adoption  of  the  second  Constitution,  in 
1S4S.  Previous  to  this  he  was  entrusted,  by  the  lirsl  Hoard  of  Canal  Commissioners,  with 
the  duty  of  securinj^;  an  engineer  to  make  the  first  survey  of  the  Illinois  and  MicJiijran 
Canal.  As  a  Justice  of  the  .Supreme  Court,  he  w.as  ap])ointed,  in  conjunction  with  Justice 
Tliiophihis  \V.  Smith,  to  prep;.n'  the  first  revision  of  the  .Siate  laws,  thouj,'h  the  jfreater 
part  of  the  work  fell  upon  Lockwood.  lie  w.-is  a  man  of  sinj^ular  purity  of  character  and 
enjoyed  in  the  highest  degree  the  respect  of  all  parties.  In  1S2S  he  he'came  a  citi/en  of 
J.icks(,iiville,  where  he  proved  an  efficient  friend  and  patron  of  Illinois  College  at  that 
.place.  He  was  .also  a  niemher  of  the  Constitutional  Convention  of  I.S47,  and  though  not 
a  nieniber  of  any  church,  is  credited  with  fonnulating  the  provision  of  the  Con.stitution 
then  adopted  recognizing  a  .Sujireme  Heing.  He  remo\cd  from  Jack.sonville  to  Hatavia, 
Kane  County,  in  iS53,  serving  as  .State  Trn.stee  of  Illinois  Central  Railroad  lands  nntil 
his  death,  i;i  1874,  fit  the  age  of  .S5  years.  The  following  incident  of  his  life  while  pro.s- 
ecuting  aitorney  is  taken  from  I'ord's  History  of  Illinois :  "In  1820,  w.is  fought  the 
first  aiul  last  duel  in  Illinois.  One  of  the  ])artics  fell  mortally  wounded  ;  the  other  was 
Hed  and  convicted  of  murder,  and  suffered  the  extreme  penalty  of  the  law  by  'langing. 
Mr.  Lockwood  was  then  the  .ittorney  of  the  .State  and  prosecuted  in  the  c.a.s'e.  To  his 
talents  and  success  as  a  prosecutor,  the  peoi)le  are  indebted  for  tliis  early  precedent  and 
exaniiile,  which  did  more  than  is  generally  known  to  prevent  the  barbarous  practice  of 
dueling  from  being  introduced  into  the  State." 


66 


THK   WHITK  CITY 


lIJJN'tHS. 


electors  at  the  next  election  a  proposition  for  a  convention  to  re- 
vise the  Constitution.  This  passed  the  Senate  by  the  necessary 
two-thirds  vote,  and  having  come  up  in  the  House  (February  ii, 
1823)  ^t  fiiiled  by  a  single  vote — Nicholaii  Hansen,  a  Representa- 
tive from  Pike  County,  whose  seat  had  been  unsuccessfully  con- 
tested by  John  Shaw,  being  one  of  those  voting  in  the  negative. 
The  next  day,  without  further  investigation,  the  majority  pro- 
ceeded to  reconsider  its  actioJi  in  seating  Hansen,  and  Shaw  was 
seated  in  his  place,  though  in  order  to  do  this  some  crooked 
work  was  necessary  to  evade  the  rules.  Shaw  being  seated,  the 
submission  resolution  was  then  passed.  No  more  exciting  cam- 
paign was  ever  had  in  Illinois.  Of  five  papers  then  published 
in  the  State,  the  Edwardsville  Spectator  edited  by  Hooper  War- 
ren, opposed  the  measure,  being  finally  reinforced  by  the  Illinois 
Ifitrll((rrncfr,  which  had  been  removed  to  Vandalia;  the  Illinois 
Gazette,  at  Shawneetown,  published  articles  on  both  sides  of  the 
question,  thoiigh  rather  favoring  the  anti-slavery  cause,  while 
the  Republican  Advocate,  at  Kaskaskia,  the  organ  of  Senator 
E.  K.  Kane,  and  the  Republican  at  Edwardsville,  under  direction 
of  Judge  Theophilus  \V.  Smith,  Emanuel  J.  West  and  Judge 
Samuel  McRoberts  (afterward  United  »States  Senator),  favored 
the  Convention.  Among  other  supporters  of  the  Convention 
proposition  were  Senator  Jesse  B.  Thomas,  John  McLean,  Rich- 
ard M.  Young,  Jivdges  Phillips,  Browne  and  Reynolds  of  the 
Supreme  Court,  and  many  more;  while  among  the  leading  cham- 
pions of  the  opposition,  were  Judge  Lockwood,  George  Forquer 
(afterward  Secretary  of  State),  Morris  Birk  beck,  George  Chuichill, 
Thomas  Mather  and  Rev.  Thomas  Lippincott.  Daniel  P.  Cook, 
then  Representative  in  Congress,  was  the  leading  champion  of 
freedom  on  the  stump,  while  Governoi"  Coles  ontributed  the  sal- 
ary of  his  entire  term  ($4,000),  as  well  as  his  influence,  to  the 
support  of  the  cause.  Governor  Edwards  (then  in  the  Senate) 
was  the  owner  of  slaves  and  occupied  a  non-committal  position. 
The  election  was  held  August  2, 1824,  resulting  in  4,97 ;4  votes  for 
a  Convention,  to  6,640  against  it,  defeating  the  proposition  by  a 


ILLINOIS — UNDER   STATE  GOVERNMENT. 


67 


majority  of  1,668.  Considering  the  size  of  the  aggregate  vote 
( I i,b 1 2),  the  result  was  a  decisive  one.  By  it  Illinois  escaped 
the  .i,M-eateGt  danger  it  ever  encountered  previous  to  the  war  of  the 
Rebellion.'"' 

At  the  same  election  Cook  was  re-elected  to  Congress  h}'^ 
3,016  majority  over  Shadrach  Bond.  The  vote  for  President  wis 
divided  between  John  Quincy  Adams,  Andrew^  Jaclcson,  Hcnr}' 
Clay  and  William  H.  Crawford — Adams  receiving  a  plurality, 
but  much  below  a  majorit}-.  The  Electoral  College  failing  to 
elect  a  President,  the  decision  of  the  question  passed  into  the 
hands  of  the  Congressional  House  of  Representatives,  when 
Adams  wa^  elected,  receiving  the  vote  of  Illinois  through  its 
only  Representative,  Mr.  Cook. 

During  the  remainder  of  hi  ...  rm,  Governor  Coles  was 
made  the  victim  o^  much  vexatious  litigation  at  the  hands  of  his 
enemies,  a  verdict  being  rendered  against  him  in  the  sum  of 
:ss2,ooo  for  bringing  his  emancipated  negroes  into  the  State,  in  vio- 
lation of  the  law  of  1819.  The  Legislature  having  passed  an 
act  releasing  him  from  the  penalty,  it  was  declared  unconstitu- 
tional by  a  malicious  Circuit  Judge,  though  hi.-  decision  was 
promptly  reversed  by  the  Supreme  Court.  Having  lived  a  few 
years  on  his  farm  near  Edwardsville,  in  1832  he  removed  to 
Philadelphia,  where  he  spent  the  remainder  of  his  days^  his 
death  occurring  there  Juh'  7,  1S68.  In  the  face  of  opp'-obrium 
and  defamation,  and  sometimes  in  danger  of  mob  violence,  Gov- 
ernor Coles  performed  a  service  to  the  State  which  has  scarce!}' 
yet  been  fully  recognized. 

A  ridiculous  incident  of  the  closing  year  of  Coles'  ad- 
niini.stration  \va>  the  attempt  of  Lieut. -Gov.  Frederick  Adol- 
phus  Hubbard,  after  having  tasted  the  sweets  of  executive 
power  during  the  Governor's  temporary'  absence' from  the  vState, 
to  retain   his  po:  'tion    after   the   Governor's  return.     The  ;im- 


*The  number  of  slaves  in  Illinois,  according  to  the  rcnsiis  of  iSio,  was  168;  ten 
wars  Iritir  tliev  had  increased  to  917  ;  then  llie  niitnher  he^an  tr)  diminish,  heinn  redueed 
in  i.S;,()  U)  747,  "and  in  1.S41)  (the  last  oensns  which  shows  any  portion  of  the  ])o])ulation 
held  to  bondaj?el  it  was  331. 


mmmmi 


tmssmammmmm 


68 


THE   WHITE   CITY — ILLINOIS. 


bitious  aspirations  of  the  woiild-be  usurper  were  suppressed  by 
the  Supreme  Court. 

An  interesting  incident  of  the  yepr  1825,  ^^'^s  the  visit  of 
General  Lafaj'ette  to  Kaskaskia.  He  was  welcomed  in  an  ad- 
dress by  Governor  Coles,  and  the  event  was  made  the  occasion  of 
much  festivity  b}-  the  French  citizens  of  the  ancient  capital. 

The  first  State  House  at  Vandalia  having  been  destroyed  by 
fire  December  9,  1823,  a  new  one  was  erected  during  the  follow- 
ing year  at  a  cost  of  $12,381.50,  toward  which  the  people  of 
Vandalia  contributed  $5,000. 


^ 


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\ 

i 

■■  u 

CHAPTER  VIII. 


FROAI   EDWARDS   TO    FRENCH. 

THI,    ADMINISTRATIONS     OF     GOVERNORS     EDWARDS,     REYNOLDS, 

DUNCAN,     CARLIN,     FORD     AND     FRENCH — PERSONAL     AND 

CHARACTER   SKETCHES  —  THE   BLACK-HAWK,    MORMON 

AND    MEXICAN     WARS  —  INTERNAL    IMPROVEMENT 

CRAZE  —  THE  LOVEJOY  MURDER — APPEARANCE 

OF   NEW   MEN    IN   STATE   AFFAIRS. 

Fr%HE  State  election  of  1826  resulted  in  again  call- 
ing Ninian  Edwards  to  the  gubernatorial  chair, 
which  he  had  ^lled  during  nearly  the  whole  of 
the  existence  of  Illinois  as  a  Territory.  Elected 
one  of  the  first  United  States  Senators,  and  re- 
elected for  a  second  term  in  1S19,  he  had  resigned 
this  office  in  1824  to  accept  the  position  of  Minis- 
ter to  Mexico,  by  appointment  of  President  Mon- 
roe. Having  become  involved  in  a  controvers}-  with  \\'illiam  H. 
Crawford,  Secretary  of  the  Treasury',  he  resigned  the  Mexican 
mission,  and  after  a  period  of  retirement  to  private  life  for  the 
first  time  after  he  came  to  Illinois,  he  appealed  to  the  people  of 
the  State  for  endorsement,  with  the  result  stated. 

His  administration  was  uneventful  except  for  the  "Winne- 
bajjo  War,"  which  caused  considerable  commotion  on  the  frontier, 
without  resulting  in  much  bloodshed.  Governor  Edwards  was  a 
fine  specimen  of  the  "old  school  gentleman"  of  that  period — 
diiriiified  and  polished  in  his  manners,  courtly  and  precise  in  his 
address,  proud  and  ambitious,  with  a  tendency  to  the  despotic  in 


niiniiis. 


00 


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mm 


70 


THE   WHITK   CITY  —  ILLINOIS. 


his  bearing  in  consequence  of  having  been  reared  in  a  slave 
State  and  his  long  connection  with  the  executive  office.  Mis 
early  education  had  been  under  the  direction  of  the  celebrated 
William  Wirt,  between  whom  and  him.self  a  close  friendship  ex- 
isted. He  was  wealthy  for  the  time,  being  an  extensive  land- 
owner as  well  as  slave-holder  and  the  proprietor  of  stores  and 
mills,  which  were  managed  by  agents,  but  he  lost  heavily  by  had 
debts.  He  was  for  many  years  a  close  friend  of  Hooper  Warren, 
the  pioneer  printer,  furnishing  the  material  with  which  the  latter 
published  his  papers  at  Springfield  and  Galena.  At  the  expira- 
tion of  his  term  of  office  near  the  close  of  1S30,  he  retired  to  his 
home  at  Belleville,  where,  after  making  an  unsuccessful  cam- 
paign for  Congress  in  1832,  in  which  he  was  defeated  by  Charles 
Slade,  he  died  of  cholera,  July  20,  1833. 

William  Kinney,  of  Belleville,  who  was  a  candidate  for 
Lieutenant-Governor  on  the  ticket  opposed  to  Edwards,  was 
elected  over  Samuel  M.  Thompson.  In  1830,  Kinney  became  a 
candidate  for  Governor  but  was  defeated  by  John  Reynolds,  known 
as  the  "old  Ranger."  One  of  the  arguments  used  against 
Kinney  in  this  campaign  was,  that  in  the  Legislature  of  1823  -^^ 
was  one  of  three  members  who  voted  against  the  Illinois  and 
Michigan  Canal,  on  the  ground  that  "it  (the  canal)  would  make 
an  opening  for  the  Yankees  to  come  to  the  country." 

During  Edwards'  administration  the  first  steps  were  talieu 
towards  the  erection  of  a  State  penitentiary  at  Alton,  funds 
therefor  being  secured  b\'  the  sale  of  a  portion  of  the  Saline  lands 
in  Gallatin  County.  The  first  Commissioners  having  charge  of 
its  construction  were  Shadrach  Bond,  William  P.  McKee  and  Dr. 
Gershom  Jayne.  The  last  named  was  father  of  Dr.  William 
Ja3aie,  of  Springfield,  and  father-in-law  of  ex-Senator  Lyniau 
Trumbull. 

The  election  of  1830  resulted  in  the  choice  of  John  Rey- 
nolds for  Governor  over  William  Kinney,  by  a  majority  of  3,^99, 
in  a  total  vote  of  49,051,  while  Zadoc  Casey,  the  candidate  on 
the  Kinney  ticket,  was  elected  Lieutenant-Governor.      Reynolds 


ILLINOIS — FROM    EDWARDS   TO   FRENCH. 


71 


was  a  native  of  Pennsylvania;  he  was  bom  in  1788,  and  came 
to  Illinois  in  1800.  After  he  had  reached  his  majority  he  spent 
two  years  at  a  college  at  Knoxville,  Tennessee  ;  served  in  a  com- 
pany of  rangers  during  the  war  of  18 12,  and  about  1814  began 
the  practice  of  law  at  Cahokia,  offering  his  services  gratuitously 
to  the  "poor  people  of  Illinois  and  Missouri  Territories."  His 
identification  Avith  the  early  settlers  and  the  "old  rangers"  gave 
him  considerable  personal  popularity,  which  was  aided  by  great 
natural  shrewdness  and  not  injuriously  affected  by  certain 
crudities  of  speech  and  eccentricities  of  habit,  in  spite  of  the 
rudiments  of  a  classical  education.  He  has  furnished  valuable 
material  for  the  future  historian  in  his  "  Pioneer  History  of  Illi- 
nois," and  "Life  and  Times." 

The  most  important  event  of  Reynolds'  administration  was 
the  "  Black-Hawk  War."  Eight  thousand  militia  were  called 
out  during  this  war  to  reinforce  fifteen  hundred  regular  troops, 
the  final  result  being  the  driving  of  four  hundred  Indians  west 
of  the  Alissisbippi.  Rock  Island,  which  had  been  the  favorite 
rallying  point  of  the  Indians  for  generations,  was  the  central 
point  at  the  beginning  of  this  war.  It  is  impossible  to  give  the 
details  of  this  complicated  struggle  which  was  protracted  through 
two  campaigns  (1831  and  1832),  thoitgh  there  was  no  fighting 
worth  speaking  of  except  in  the  last,  and  no  serious  loss  to  the 
whites  in  that,  except  the  surprise  and  defeat  of  Stillman's  com- 
mand. Beardstown  was  the  base  of  operations  in  each  of  these 
campaigns,  and  that  city  has  probably  never  witnessed  such 
scenes  of  bustle  and  excitement  since.  The  Indian  village  at 
Rock  Island  was  destroyed,  and  the  fugitives,  after  being  pursued 
through  northern  Illinois  and  southwestern  Wisconsin,  without 
being  allowed  to  surrender,  were  driven  bej-ond  the  Mississippi 
in  a  famishing  coiiditioii  and  with  spirits  completely  broken. 
Galena,  at  that  time  the  emporium  of  the  "  Lead  Mine  Region," 
and  the  largest  town  in  the  State  north  of  Springfield,  was  the 
center  of  great  excitement,  as  the  war  was  waged  in  the  region 
surrounding  it.     .v     .■,,.,-.■..';•  .■■.•■■ 


72 


THK   WHITE   CITY  —  ILLINOIS. 


MM 


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Although  cool  judges  have  uot  regarded  this  campaign  as 
reflecting  honor  upon  either  the  prowess  or  the  magnanimity  of 
the  whites,  it  has  been  remarkable  for  the  number  of  those  con- 
nected with  it  whose   names  afterward   became  famous  in    tin.- 
history  of  the  State  and  the  Nation.     Among  them  were  two  w  lio 
afterward    became      Presidents    of    the     United     States — Col. 
Zachary  Taylor  of  the  regular  army,  and   Abraham  Lincoln,  a 
Captain  in   the  State  militia — besides  Jefferson  Davis,  then   a 
Lieutenant  in  the  regular  army  and  afterward  head  of  the  South- 
ern Confedei-acy ;  three  subsequent  Governors — Duncan,  Carliu 
and  Ford — besides  Governor  Reynolds  who  at  that  time  occupied 
the  gubernatorial  chair ;  James  Semple,  afterward  United  States 
Senator;  John  T.  vStuart,  Lincoln's  tutor  and  partner,  and  later 
a  member  of  Congress,  to  say  nothing  of  many  others,  who  in 
after    years    occupied  prominent   positions   as    members   of  the 
Legislature  or  otherwise.     Among  the  latter  were  Gen.  John  J. 
Hardin;  the  late  Joseph  Gillespie,  of  Edwardsville ;  Col.  John 
Dement;  William  Tnomas,    of  Jacksonville;  Lieut. -Col.  Jacob 
Fry ;  Henry  S.  Dodge,  afterward    Governor    of  the    Territory 
of  Wisconsin,  and  others. 

Near  the  close  of  his  term  of  office,  Rej'uolds  resigned  to 
accept  a  nomination  for  Congress,  to  which  he  was  elected  in 
1834,  and  again  in  1838  and  1840.  Lieutenant-Governor  Casey 
having  followed  his  example  for  a  similar  reason,  the  office  of 
Governor  for  the  remainder  of  the  term  devolved  on  W.  L.  D. 
Ewing,  who  had  been  President  of  the  Senate  and  acting  Lieu- 
tenant-Governor. Ewing  probabl}'  held  a  greater  variety  of 
offices  under  the  State,  than  any  other  man  who  ever  lived  in  it. 
Repeatedly  elected  to  each  branch  of  the  General  Assembly,  he 
more  than  once  filled  the  chair  of  Speaker  of  the  House  and 
President  of  the  Senate ;  served  as  Acting  Lieutenant-Governor 
and  Governor  by  virtue  of  the  resignation  of  his  superiors ;  w  as 
United  States  Senator  from  1835  to  1837;  still  later  became  Clerk 
of  the  House  where  he  had  presided  as  Speaker,  finally  in  1S43 
being  elected  Auditor  of  Public  Accounts,  and  dj-ing  in  office 


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Paris,  Ke 

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brother,  C 

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conimissio 

ing  year  a 

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cal  defeat. 

honored  oil 

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house.     H( 

S.  D.  Lock 

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coin  and  Si 

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ILLINOIS — FROM    HOWARDS   TO    FRKNCH. 


1^ 


three  yc;irs  Inter.  In  less  than  twenty  years,  he  held  eight  or 
ten  different  offices,  inclnding  the  highest  in  the  State,  and  yet 
he  is  probably  as  little  known  to  the  present  generation  as  any 
man  who  has  ever  been  promiueutly  identified  with  State 
history. 

Jo.scph  Dnncan,  who  had  served  the  State  as  its  onlj-  Repre- 
sentative in  three  Congresses,  was  elected  Governor,  Angnst 
1834,  over  fonr  competitors — William  Kinney,  Robert  K.  Mc- 
Laughlin, Jame.'i  Evans  and  W.  B.  Archer,  He  was  born  at 
Paris,  Kentncky,  February  2  ?,  1794,  his  father,  Maj.  Joseph 
Duncan,  having  emigrated  from  Virginia  in  1790.  He  took  part 
in  the  War  of  181 2,  being  promoted  to  a  lieutenancy,  notwith- 
standing his  youth.  In  1818  he  came  to  Illinois,  whither  his 
brother,  Capt.  Matthew  Duncan,  of  the  regular  army,  had  pre- 
ceded him  four  years  earlier  and  had  established  at  Kaskaskia 
the  first  newspaper  published  in  the  State.  In  1823  he  was 
commissioned  Major-General  of  the  State  militia,  and  the  follow- 
ing year  was  elected  to  the  State  Senate,  entering  Congress  two 
years  later.  He  began  his  political  career  as  a  Democrat,  but 
later  became  a  Whig,  and  in  1S42  ser\ed  that  party  as  its  candi- 
date for  Governor,  meeting  at  that  election  with  his  first  politi- 
cal defeat.  He  was  liberal,  public-spirited  and  one  of  the  most 
honored  citizens  Illinois  ever  had.  From  1828  his  home  was  at 
Jacksonville,  where,  a  few  years  later,  he  built  the  first  frame 
house.  He  was  one  of  the  most  efficient  co-workers  with  Jtidge 
S.  D.  Lockwood,  President  J.  M.  Sturtevant  and  others  in  foxind- 
ing  Illinois  College,  making  to  it  a  donation  of  $10,000,  and 
serving  as  a  trustee  of  the  college  until  his  death,  which  occurred 
January  15,  1844. 

Governor  Duncan's  administration  was  made  memorable  by 
tlie  large  number  of  distinguished  men  who  either  entered  pub- 
lic life  at  this  period  or  gained  additional  prominence  b}'  their 
connection  with  public  affiiirs.  Among  these  were  Abraham  Lin- 
coln and  Stephen  A.  Douglas ;  Col.  E.  D.  Baker,  who  aftenvard 
and  at  different  times  represented   Illinois    and  Oregon  in  the 


74 


THK   WHITH   CITY  —  ILLINOIS. 


II' 


III' 


councils  of  the  Nation,  and  who  fell  at  Ball's  Plnff  in  1S62; 
O.  H.  Browning,  a  prospective  Ignited  States  Senator  and  future 
Cabinet  officer;  the  late  Lieutenant-Governor,  John  Dougherty; 
Gen.  James  Shields,  Col.  John  J.  Hardin,  Archibald  Wil- 
liams, Cyrus  and  Ninian  W.  Edwards,  Or.  John  Logan,  father 
of  Gen.  John  A.  Logan,  vSte])hcn  T.  Logan,  and  many  more. 

During  this  administration  was  begun  that  gigantic  schtnie 
of  "internal  improvements,"  which  proved  30  disastrous  to  the 
financial  interests  of  the  State.  The  estimated  cost  of  these 
various  works  undertaken,  was  over  $ii,ocx),oc)0,  and  though  lit- 
tle of  substantial  value  was  realized,  yet,  in  1852  the  debt 
(principal  and  interest),  thereby  incurred  (including  that  of  tlie 
canal),  aggregated  nearly  $17,000,000.  The  collapse  of  the 
scheme  was,  no  doubt,  hastened  by  the  unexpected  suspension  of 
specie  payments  by  the  banks  all  over  the  country,  which  fol- 
lowed soon  after  its  adoption. 

At  the  session  of  the  General  Assembly  of  1836-7,  an  act 
was  passed  removing  the  State  capital  to  Springfield,  and  an  a]> 
propriation  of  $50,000  was  made  to  erect  a  building;  to  this 
amount  the  city  of  Springfield  added  a  like  sum,  beside  donatiiii^ 
a  site.  In  .securing  the  passage  of  the.se  acts,  the  famous  "Lonj; 
Nine,"  consisting  of  A.  G.  Hcrndon  and  Job  Fletcher,  in  the 
Senate,  and  Abraham  Lincoln,  Ninian  \V.  Edwards,  John  Daw- 
son, Andrew  McCormick,  Dan  vStone,  William  F.  Elkin  and  Rob- 
ert L.  Wilson,  in  the  House — all  Representatives  from  Sanga- 
mon County — played  a  leading  part. 

An  event  occurred  near  the  close  of  Governor  Duncan's 
term,  which  left  a  stain  upcn  the  locality,  but  for  which  his  ad- 
ministration had  no  responsibility;  to-wit,  the  murder  of  Rev. 
Elijah  P.  Lovejoy,  by  a  pro-slavery  mob  at  Alton.  Lovejoy  was 
a, native  of  Maine,  who,  coming  to  St.  Louis  in  1827,  ^^^^  ''^^" 
employed  upon  various  papers,  the  last  being  the  S/.  Louis  Oh- 
server.  The  outspoken  hostility  of  this  paper  to  slavery  arou.sed 
a  bitter  local  opposition  which  led  to  its  removal  to  Alton,  w  here 
the  first  number  of  the  Alton  Observer  was  issued,  September  8, 


ILLINOIS — FROM    EDWARDS   TO    TRKNCII. 


1836,  tlioiigli  not  until  one  press  and  a  considerable  portion  of 
the  material  had  been  destroyed  by  a  mob.  On  the  night  of 
August  21,  1837,  there  was  a  second  destruction  of  the  material, 
wlicu  a  third  press  having  been  procured  it  was  taken  from  the 
warehouse  and  thrown  into  the  Mississippi.  A  fourth  press  was 
ordered,  and,  pending  its  arrival,  Lovejoy  appeared  before  a  pub- 
lic meeting  of  his  opixinents  and,  in  an  impassioned  address, 
maintained  his  right  to  freedom  of  speech,  declaring  in  conclu- 
sicu :  "  If  the  civil  authorities  refuse  to  protect  me,  I  must  look 
to  God  ;  and  if  I  die,  I  have  determined  to  make  my  grave  in 
Alton."  These  words  proved  prophetic.  The  new  press  was 
.stored  in  the  warehouse  of  Godfrey,  Gillman  &  Co.,  on  tue 
night  of  November  6,  1837.  A  guard  of  sixty  volunteers  re- 
mained about  the  building  the  next  day,  but  when  night  came 
all  but  nineteen  retired  to  their  homes.  During  the  night  a  mob 
attacked  the  building,  when  a  shot  from  the  inside  killed  Lyman 
Bishop.  An  attempt  was  then  made  by  the  rioters  to  fire  the 
wareliouse  by  sending  a  man  to  the  roof.  To  dislodge  the  incen- 
diary Lovejoy,  with  two  others,  emerged  from  the  building  when 
two  or  three  men  in  concealment  fired  upon  him,  the  shots  tak- 
ing effect  in  a  vital  part  of  his  body,  causing  his  death,  almost 
instantly.  He  was  buried  the  following  day  without  an  inquest. 
Several  of  the  attacking  party  and  the  defenders  of  the  building 
were  tried  for  riot  and  acquitted — the  former  probably  on  account 
of  popular  sympathy  with  the  crime,  and  the  latter  because  they 
were  guiltless  of  any  crime  except  that  of  defending  private 
property  and  attempting  to  preserve  the  law.  The  act  of  firing 
the  fatal  shots  has  been  charged  upon  two  men — a  Dr.  Jennings 
and  his  comrade.  Dr.  Beall.  The  former,  it  is  said,  was  after- 
ward cut  to  pieces  in  a  bar-room  fight  in  Vicksburg,  Mississippi, 
while  the  latter,  having  been  captured  by  Comanche  Indians 
iu  Texas,  was  burned  alive.  On  the  other  hand,  Lo-^'ejoy  has 
been  honored  as  a  martyr  and  the  sentiments  for  which  he  died 
have  triumphed. 

Duncan  was  succeeded  bj'  Gov.  Thomas  Carlin,  who  was 


76 


THE  WHITE   CITY  —  ILLINOIS. 


;j 

I; 

chosen  at  the  election  of  1838  over  Cyrns  Edwards  (a  younger 
brother  of  Gov.  Ninian  Edwards),  the  Whig  candidate.  The 
successful  candidate  for  Lieutenant-Governor  was  Stnison  K. 
Anderson,  of  Jefferson  County.  Carlin  was  a  native  of  Ken- 
tucky, where  he  was  born  July  18,  1789;  he  came  to  Illinois  in 
181 2,  and  served  as  a  soldier  through  the  war  of  that  period.  In 
1818  he  settled  upon  the  site  of  the  present  city  of  Carrollton,  the 
county-seat  of  Green  Coiintj/.  Later  he  commanded  a  company  in 
the  Black-Hawk  war,  served  as  sheriff  of  his  county,  and,  at  the 
time  of  his  nomination,  was  Register  of  the  land-office  at  Quincy. 
His  life  had  been  that  of  a  backwoodsman,  and  he  was  not  edu- 
cated in  the  learning  of  the  s<:hools,  but  he  bore  the  reputation 
of  a  man  of  sterling  integrity  and  of  indomitable  courage. 

Among  the  members  of  the  Legislature  chosen  at  this  time 
we  find  the  names  of  O.  H.  Browning,  Robert  Blackwell,  Geor_f(c 
Churchill,  William  G.  Gate  wood,  Ebenezer  Peck  (of  Cook 
County),  William  A.  Richardson,  Newton  Cloud,  Jesse  F.  Du- 
bois, O.  B.  Ficklin,  Vital  Jarrot,  John  Logan,  William  F.  Thorn- 
ton and  Archibald  Williams — all  men  of  prominence  in  the 
subsequent  history  of  the  State.  This  was  the  last  Legislature 
that  assembled  at  Vandalia,  Springfield  becoming  the  capital, 
July  4,  1839-* 

An  incident  of  this  campaign  was  the  election  to  Congress, 
after  a  bitter  struggle,  of  John  T.  Stuart  over  Stephen  A.  Doug- 
las from  the  Third  District,  by  a  majority  of  fourteen  votes. 
Stuart  was  re-elected  in  1840,  but  in  1842  he  was  succeeded,  un- 
der a  new  apportionment,  by  Col.  John  J.  Hardin,  while  Douglas, 
elected  from  the  Quincy  District,  then  entered  the  National 
Council    for  the  first  time. 

An  exciting  event  during  Carlin's  administration  was  the 
attempt  to  remove  Alexander  P.  Field  from  the  oflice  of  Secre- 
tary of  State,  which  he  had  held  since  1828.     Under  the  Con.  ti- 

*The  corner  stone  of  the  first  State  capitol  at  Sprinyfiekl  wa.s  laid  with  impcsing  iti- 
enionies,  July  4,  1837,  Col.  K.  I).  Baker  delivering  an  eloquent  address.  Its  estimated 
cost  was  ^^130,000,  but  1240,000  was  expended  upon  it  before  its  completion. 


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ILLINOIS  —  FROM    EDWARDS   TO   FRENCH. 


77 


tutiou  of  1818,  this  office  was  filled  by  nomination  by  the 
Govenior  "  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  Senate."  Carlin 
nominated  John  A.  McClernand  to  supersede  Field,  but  the 
Seinte  refused  to  confirm  the  nomination.  After  adjournment 
of  the  Legislature,  McClernand  attempted  to  obtain  possession 
of  the  office  by  writ  of  quo  luarranto.  The  judge  of  a  circuit 
court  decided  the  case  in  his  favor,  but  this  decision  was  over- 
ruled by  the  supreme  court.  A  special  session  having  been 
called,  in  November,  1840,  Stephen  A.  Douglas,  then  of  Morgan 
County,  was  nominated  and  confirmed  Secretary  of  State,  but 
held  the  position  only  a  few  months,  when  he  resigned  to  accept 
a  place  on  the  supreme  bench,  being  succeeded  as  Secretary  by 
Lyman  Trumbull. 

Certain  decisions  of  some  of  the  lower  courts  about  this 
time,  bearing  upon  the  suffrage  of  aliens,  excited  the  apprehen- 
sion of  the  Democrats,  who  had  heretofore  been  in  political  con- 
trol of  the  State,  and  a  movement  was  started  in  the  Legislature 
to  reorganize  the  Supreme  Court,  a  majority  of  whom  were 
Whigs.  The  Democrats  w^re  not  unanimous  in  favor  of  the 
measure,  but  after  a  bitter  struggle  it  was  adopted,  receiving  a 
bare  majority  of  one  in  the  House.  Under  this  act  five  addi- 
tional judges  were  elected,  viz :  Thomas  Ford,  Sidney  Breese, 
WaUer  B.  Scates,  Samuel  H.  Treat  and  Stephen  A.  Douglas — 
all  Democrats.  Mr.  Ford,  one  of  the  new  Judges,  and  afterward 
Governor,  has  characterized  this  step  as  "  a  confessedly  violent 
and  somewhat  revolutionary  measure,  which  could  never  have 
succeeded  except  in  times  of  f^reat  party  excitement." 

The  great  Whig  mass-meeting  at  Springfield,  in  June,  1840, 
was  an  incident  of  the  political  campaign  of  that  3'ear.  No  such 
popular  assemblage  had  ever  been  seen  in  the  State  before.  It  is 
estimated  that  20,000  people — nearly  five  per  cent,  of  the  entire 
population  of  the  State — were  present,  including  a  large  delega- 
tion from  Chicago  who  marched  overland,  under  command  of  the 
late  ]\Lij.-Gen.  David  Hunter,  bcaiing  with  them  many  devices 
so  popular  in  that  memorable  campaign. 


°iA^vW,iii,Mrfii»W,'iii'a 


lit'- 


78 


THE   WHITE   CITY  —  ILLIXOIS. 


Judge  Thomas  Ford  became  the  Democratic  candidate  for 
Governor  in  1842,  taking  the  place  on  the  ticket  of  Col.  A.  W 
Snyder,  who  had  died  after  nomination.  Ford  was  elected  bv 
more  than  8,000  majority  over  ex-Governor  Duncan,  the  Whig 
candidate.  John  Moore,  of  McLean  County  (who  had  been  a 
member  of  the  Legi.slature  for  several  terms  and  was  afterward 
State  Treasurer),  was  elected  Lieutenant-Governor.  Ford  was  a 
native  of  Uniontown,  Pennsj-lvania,  where  he  was  born  in  iSoo; 
had  been  twice  appointed  State's  attorney  and  four  times  elected 
Judge,  and  was  at  the  time  a  member  of  the  Supreme  Court. 
He  owed  nnich  of  his  success  in  life  to  his  half-brother,  George 
Forquer,  who  had  held  the  office  of  Secretarj'  of  State,  and  had 
been  an  unsuccessful  candidate  for  Congressional  honors. 

The  failure  of  the  State  and  the  Shawneetown  banks,  near 
the  close  of  Carlin's  administration,  had  produced  a  condition  of 
business  depression  that  was  felt  all  over  the  State.  At  the  be- 
ginning of  Ford's  administration,  the  State  debt  was  estimated  at 
$15,657,950 — within  about  one  million  of  the  highest  point  it 
ever  reached — while  the  total  population  was  a  little  over  half  a 
million.  In  addition  to  these  drawbacks,  the  Mormon  question 
became  a  source  of  embarrassment.  This  people,  who,  after  hav- 
ing been  driven  from  Missouri,  settled  at  Nauvoo,  in  Hancock 
Count)';  they  increased  rapidly  in  numbers,  and  by  the  arrogant 
course  of  their  leaders  and  their  odious  doctrines — especially 
with  reference  to  "celestial  marriage,"  and  their  assumptions  of 
autliorit}' — aroused  the  bitter  hostility  of  neighboring  comnunii- 
ties  not  of  their  faith.  The  popular  indignation  became  greatly 
intensified  bj'^  the  course  of  unscrupulous  politicians  and  the 
granting  to  the  Mormons  by  the  Legislature  of  certain  charters 
and  special  privileges.  Various  charges  were  made  against  the 
obnoxious  sect,  including  rioting,  kidnapping,  robbery,  counter- 
feiting, etc.,  and  the  Governor  called  out  the  militia  of  the  neigh- 
boring counties  to  preserve  the  peace.  Joseph  Smith — the  loini- 
der  of  the  sect — with  his  brother  Hyrum  and  three  others,  were 
induced  to   surrender   to  the   authorities   at  Carthage,   on  the 


IMJXOIvS  —  FROM    EDWARDS  TO   FRENCH. 


79 


hventy-tliird  of  Jiine,i844,  under  promise  of  protection  of  their 
persons.  Then  the  charge  was  changed  to  treason  and  they 
were  throAvn  into  jail,  a  guard  of  eight  men  being  placed  about 
the  I)uilding.  A  considerable  portion  of  the  militia  had  dis- 
banded and  returned  home,  while  others  were  openly  hostile  to 
the  prisoners.  On  June  27th  a  band  of  one  hundred  and  fifty 
disguised  men  attacked  the  jail,  finding  little  opposition  among 
those  set  to  guatd  it.  In  the  assault  which  followed,  both  of  the 
Smiths  were  killed,  while  John  Taylor,  another  of  the  prisoners, 
was  wounded.  The  trial  of  the  murderers  was  a  farce  and  they 
were  acqiiitted.  A  state  of  virtual  war  continued  for  a  year,  in 
which  Governor  Ford's  authorit}'  was  openly  defied  or  treated 
with  contempt  by  those  he  had  called  upon  to  preserve  the  peace. 
In  the  fall  of  1845  the  Mormons  agreed  to  leave  the  State,  and 
the  following  spring  the  pilgrimage  to  Salt  Lake  began.  Gen. 
John  J.  Hardin,  who  afterward  fell  at  Buena  Vista,  was  twice 
called  on  by  Governor  Ford  to  head  parties  of  militia  to  restore 
order,  while  Gen.  Mason  Brayman  conducted  the  negotiations 
which  resulted  in  the  promise  of  removal.  The  great  body  of 
the  refugees  spent  the  following  winter  at  Council  Bluffs,  Iowa, 
arriving  at  Salt  Lake  in  June  following.  Another  considerable 
body  entered  the  service  of  the  Goverment  to  obtain  safe  conduct 
and  sustenance  across  the  plains.  While  the  conduct  of  the  Mor- 
mons during  their  stay  at  Nauvoo  was  no  doubt  very  irritating 
and  often  lawless,  it  is  eqiially  true  that  the  disordered  condition 
of  affairs  was  taken  advantage  of  by  unscrupulous  demagogues 
for  dishonest  purposes,  and  this  episode  has  left  a  stigma  upon 
the  name  of  more  than  one  over-zealous  aUti-Mormon  hero. 

Though  Governor  Ford's  integrity  and  ability  in  certain 
directions  have  not  been  questioned,  his  administration  was  not 
a  successful  one,  largely  on  account  of  the  conditions  which  pre- 
vailed at  the  time  and  the  embarrassments  which  he  met  from 
his  own  party.  He  died  at  Peoria,  November  3,  1850,  in  poverty. 
The  history  of  the  State  which  he  wrote  in  the  latter  years  of 


r4.MUi.aatfuawiMi 


80 


THE   WHITK   CITY  —  ILLINOIS. 


his  life,  is  regarded  as  invaluable,  and  will  be  more  highly  ap- 
preciated as  we  recede  from  the  period  in  which  he  Hved, 

A  still  more  tragic  chapter  opened  during  the  last  year  of 
Ford's  administration,  in  the  beginning  of  the  war  with  Mexico. 
Three  regiments  of  twelve  months'  volunteers,  called  for  by  the 
General  Government  from  the  State  of  Illinois,  were  furnished 
with  alacrity  and  many  more  men  offered  their  services  than 
could  be  accepted.  The  names  of  their  respective  commanders- 
Cols.  John  J.  Hardin,  William  H.  Bissell  and  Ferris  Foreman 
— have  been  accorded  a  high  place  in  the  annals  of  the  State  ard 
the  Nation.  Hardin  was  of  an  honorable  Kentucky  family;  lie 
had  achieved  distinction  at  the  bar  and  served  in  the  State  Lc.ijis- 
lature  and  in  Congress,  and  his  death  on  the  battle-field  of  Buciia 
Vista  was  universally  deplored.  Bissell  afterward  served  with  dis- 
tinction in  Congress  and  was  the  first  Republican  Governor  of 
Illinois,  elected  in  1856.  Edward  D.  Baker,  then  a  Whig  mem- 
ber of  Congress,  received  authority  to  raise  an  additional  ret,n- 
ment,  and  laid  the  foundation  of  a  reputation  as  broad  as  the  Na- 
tion. Two  other  regiments  were  raised  in  the  State  "for  the 
war"  during  the  next  year,  led  respectively  by  Col.  Edward  \V. 
B.  Newby  and  James  Collins,  beside  four  independent  companies 
of  mounted  volunteers.  The  whole  number  of  volunteers  fur- 
nished by  Illinois  in  this  conflict  was  6,123,  of  whom  86  were 
killed,  12  died  of  wounds,  and  160  were  wounded.  Their  loss  in 
killed  was  greater  than  that  of  any  other  State,  and  the  number 
of  wounded  only  exceeded  by  those  from  South  Carolina  and 
Pennsylvania.  Among  other  Illinoisans  who  participated  in 
this  struggle,  were  Thomas  L.  Harris,  William  A.  Richardson. 
J.  L.  D.  Morrison,  Murray  F.  Tuley  and  Charles  C.  P.  Holden, 
while  still  others,  either  in  the  ranks  or  in  subordinate  positions, 
received  the  "baptism  of  fire  "  which  prepared  them  to  win  dis- 
tinction as  commanders  of  corps,  divisions,  brigades  and  re,>,n- 
ments  during  the  War  of  the  Rebellion,  including  such  names 
as  John  A.  Logan,  Richard  J.  Oglesby,  Benjamin  M.  Prentiss, 
James  D.  Alorgan,  W.  H.  L.   Wallace   (v/ho  fell  at  Pittsburgh 


ILLINOIS — FROM    KDWARDS   TO    FRKXCH. 


8l 


Landing),  Stephen  G.  Hicks,  Michael  K.  Lawler,  Leonard  F. 
Ross,  Ishani  N.  Haynie,  T.  Lyle  Dickey,  Dudley  Wickershani, 
Isaac  C.  Pugh,  Thomas  H.  Flynn,  J.  P.  Post,  Nathaniel  Niles, 
W.  R.  Morrison,  and  others. 

Except  for  the  Mexican  War,  which  was  still  in  progress, 
and  acts  of  mob  violence  in  certain  portions  of  the  State — 
especially  by  a  band  of  self-styled  "  regulators "  in  Pope  and 
Massac  Counties — the  administration  of  Augustus  C.  French, 
which  began  with  the  close  of  the  year  1846,  was  a  quiet  one. 
French  was  elected  at  the  previous  August  election  by  a  vote  of 
58,700  to  36,775  for  Thomas  M.  Kilpatrick,  the  Whig  candidate, 
and  5,TT2  for  Richard  Eels,  the  Free-Soil  (or  Abolition)  candi- 
date. The  Whigs  held  their  first  State  Convention  this  year  for 
the  nomination  of  a  State  ticket,  meeting  at  Peoria.  At  the 
same  election  Abraham  Lincoln  was  elected  to  Congress,  defeat- 
ing Peter  Cartwright,  the  famous  pioneer  Methodist  preacher, 
who  was  the  Democratic  candidate.  At  the  session  of  the  Legis- 
lature which  followed,  Stephen  A.  Douglas  was  elected  to  the 
United  States  Senate  as  successor  to  James  Semple. 

Governor  French  was  a  native  of  New  Hampshire,  born 
August  2,  1808 ;  he  had  practiced  his  profession  as  a  lawyer 
in  Crawford  County,  had  been  a  member  of  the  Tenth  and 
Eleventh  General  Assemblies  and  Receiver  of  the  land  office  at 
Palestine.  The  State  had  now  begun  to  recover  from  the  de- 
pression caused  by  the  reverses  of  1837  and  siibsequent  years, 
and  for  some  time  its  growth  in  population  had  been  satisfactor}-. 
The  old  Constitution,  however,  had  been  felt  to  be  a  hampering 
influence,  especially  in  dealing  with  the  State  debt,  and,  as  early 
as  1842,  the  question  of  "a  State  Convention  to  frame  a  new  Con- 
stitution had  been  submitted  to  popular  vote,  but  was  defeated  by 
the  narrow  margin  of  1,039  votes.  The  Legislature  of  1844-5 
adopted  a  resolution  for  resubmission,  and  at  the  election  of  1846 
it  was  approved  by  the  people  by  a  majority  of  35,326  in  a  total 
vote  of  81,352.     The  State  then  contained  99  counties  with  an 


■~.-*«w.»aiMniiinnin  iiniiM 


82 


THE   VVHITI'.   CITY  —  ILLINOIS. 


aj^j^rcgate  population  of  662,150.  The  assessed  valuation  of 
property  one  year  later  was  ^92,206,493,  while  the  State  debt 
was  $16,661,795— or  more  than  18  per  cent,  of  the  eutire  as- 
sessed value  of  the  property  of  the  State. 


yiii<. 


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ADMIN 

STATI'    c 
'I'llK 
TKK 


wm 


still  later 
W   Michael  ( 
W.  Singl 
I   Manly,  of 
shall,  of  ( 
I  David  L.( 
|v   E.  \\'orcei 
strong,  of 
Norton,  o 
and  Wait 
Jo  Davies; 
vid  Davis, 
A.  Hurlbu 

lllijKiis. 


CHAPTER   IX. 
ADMINISTRATIONS  OF  FRENCH    AND   AIATTESOX. 

STATIs  CONSTITUTIONAL   CONVKXTIOX   OK    1847  —  I'lCATlRHS    OF 
THK    NFAV    CONSTITUTION — GOVERNOR     FRKNCH'S    SKCOND 
TKRM  —  ILLINOIS    CENTRAL     RAILROAD  —  MATTESON'S 
ADMINIvSTRATION  —  ORGANIZATION     OF    THE    RE- 
PUBLICAN  PARTY — LINCOLN-DOUGLAS  DEBATE. 


"'T^^HE  election  of  nicnibers  of  a  State  Convention  to 
form  a  second  Con.stii:ntion  for  the  State  of  Illi- 
nois, was  held  April  19,  1847.  Of  one  hnndred 
aiid  sixty -two  members  chosen,  ninety-two  were 
Democrats,  leaving  seventy  members  to  all  shades 
of  the  opposition.  Among  the  members  of 
this  historic  body  whose  names  were  already 
prominent  in  State  affairs  or  became  so  at  a 
still  later  date,  were  Archibald  Williams,  of  Adams  County; 
Michael  G.  Dale,  of  Bond;  Daniel  H.  Whitne\',  of  Boone;  James 
W.  Singleton,  of  Brown;  Henry  E.  Dummer,  of  Cass;  Uri 
Manly,  of  Clark;  Benjamin  Bond,  of  Clinton;  Thomas  A.  Mar- 
shall, of  Coles ;  t"ancis  C  Sherman,  Reuben  E.  Heacock  and 
David  L.  Gregg,  of  Cook;  Hezekiah  M.  Wead,  of  Fulton;  Linus 
E.  Worcester  and  D.  M.  Woodson,  of  Greene  ;  George  W.  Arm- 
strong, of  LaSalle ;  Thomas  C.  Sharpe,  of  Hancock ;  Jesse  O. 
Norton,  of  Will;  Alex.  M.  Jenkins,  of  Jackson  ;  Zadok  Casey 
and  Waiter  B.  Scates,  of  Jefferson;  Thompson  Campbell,  of 
Jo  Daviess;  James  Knox,  of  Knox;  John  Dement,  of  Lee;  Da- 
vid Davis,  of  McLean ;  John  M.  Palmer,  of  Macoupin ;  Stephen 
A.  Hurlbut,  of  Boone;  Cyrus  Edwards,  Edward  M.  West    and 

llliiiuis.  Ki 


*matmm»M 


MNNHM 


84 


TIIK    WIIITK   CITY — ILLINOIS. 


OcorKt-'  T.  Rrowii,  of  Madison  ;  Anthoii}'  'riiornton,  of  Shclhy; 
Newton  Cloud,  vSanmel  I).  Lockwood  and  William  Thomas,  of 
Morjran  ;  John  I).  Whiteside,  of  Monroe;  Daniel  J.  Pinckncy, 
of  Oj^^le;  Lincoln  15.  Knowlton  and  Onslow  Peters,  of  Peoria; 
William  R.  Archer  and  William  A.  Grimshaw,  of  Pike;  Richard 
H.  Servant,  of  Randolph;  Alfred  Kitchell,  of  Richland;  Janics 
H.  Matheny,  N.  W.  Kdwards  and  Stephen  T.  Logan,  of  Sani,^- 
nior> ;  N.  ^L  Knai)p,  of  Scott;  XVilliam  W.  Roman  and  William 
C.  Kinney,  of  St.  Clair;  Abner  C.  Harding,  of  Warren;  S. 
Snowdcn  Hayes,  of  White;  Selden  M.  Church,  of  Winnehai^n), 
and  Willis  Allen,  of  Franklin.  Of  these,  eight — Campbell, 
Hurlbut,  Norton,  Knox,  Harding,  Singleton,  Thornton  and  Al- 
len— were  afterward  members  of  Congress;  Wead,  Woodson  and 
Davis,  Circuit  Judges  (the  last  being  still  later  a  Justice  of  ihi; 
Supreme  Court  and  United  States  Senator),  while  John  M.  Pal- 
mer became  Governor  and  David  L-  Gregg  became  Secretary  of 
State,  and  Mii'ister  to  the  Sandwich  Lslands.  Others  were  after- 
ward prominent  members  of  the  General  Assembly,  or  otherwise 
exerted  an  influence  in  shaping  the  destinies  of  the  Stats.'-' 

The  Convention  assembled  at  Springfield,  June  7,  1847;  it 
was  organized  by  the  election  of  Newton  Cloud,  Permanent  Presi- 
dent, and  concluded  its  labors  afttv  a  session  of  nearly  three 
months,  adjourning  August  31st.  Tne  Constitutio.i  was  sub- 
mitted to  a  vote  of  the  people,  March  6,  1848,  and  was  ratified  l)y 
59,887  votes  in  its  favor  to  15,859  against.  A  special  article 
prohibiting  free  persons  of  color  from  settling  in  the  State  was 
adopted  by  49,060  votes  for,  to  20,883  against  it;  and  another,  pro- 
viding for  a  two-mill  tax,  by  41,017  for,  to  30,586  against.  The 
Constitution  went  into  effect  April  i,  1848. 

The  provision  imposing  a  special  two-mill  tax,  to  be  applied 
to  the  payment  of  the  State  indebtedness,  was  the  means  of  re- 
storing the  State  credit,  while  that  prohibiting  the  immigration 
of  free  persons  of  color,  though  in  accordance  with  the  spirit  (if 

*A  ruuiiioii  of  the  survivors  of  this  body  was  held  it  vSprinpfield,  Januarv  3,  1  ^'^j, 
which  wa---  attended  by  twenty-two  of  the  thirty-one  members  then  understood  tn  hv 
living- 


ILLINOIS  —  FRENCH  AND  MATTKSON. 


85 


the  times,  brotij^iit  upon  tlic  State  much  opjjrobriuin  and  was  re- 
pudiated with  emphasis  duriuj^  the  War  of  the  Rebellion.  The 
demand  for  retienchment,  caused  by  the  fnnncial  depression  fol- 
lowinjj;  the  wild  le^isla  ion  of  1837,  led  to  tlie  adoptitm  of  many 
radical  provisions  in  the  new  Constitution,  some  of  which  were 
afterward  found  to  be  serious  errors  opening  the  way  for  jj^rave 
abuses.  Among  these  were  the  practical  limitations  of  the  bien- 
nial sessions  of  the  General  Assembly  to  forty-two  days,  while 
the  prr  tiitm  of  members  was  fixed  at  two  dollars.  The  salaries 
of  vState  officers  were  also  fixed  at  what  would  now  be  recognized 
as  ail  al)surdly  low  figure,  that  of  Governor  being  $1,500;  Su- 
preme Court  Judges,  $1,200  each  ;  Circuit  Judges,  $i,ocx) ;  State 
Auditor,  $1,000;  Secretary  of  State,  and  State  Treasurer,  $800 
each.  Among  less  objectionable  provisions  were  tho.se  restricting 
the  right  of  suffrage  to  white  male  citizens,  which  excluded 
many  unnaturalized  foreigners  who  had  exercised  the  privilege 
as  "inhabitants"  under  the  Constitution  of  1818;  providing  for 
the  election  of  all  State,  judicial  and  county  officers  by  popular 
vote ;  prohibiting  the  State  from  incurring  indebtedness  in  excess 
of  $50,000  without  a  special  vote  of  the  people,  or  granting  the 
credit  of  the  State  in  aid  of  any  individual  association  or  corpora- 
tion; fixing  the  date  of  the  State  election  on  the  Tuesday  after 
the  first  Monday  in  November  in  every  fourth  year,  instead  of 
the  first  Monday  in  August,  as  had  been  the  rule  under  the 
old  Constitution.  The  tenure  of  office  of  all  State  officers  was 
fixed  at  four  years  except  that  of  State  Treasurer,  which  was 
made  two  years,  and  the  Governor  only  was  made  ineligible  to 
immediate  re-election.  The  nuuioer  of  members  of  the  General 
.Assembly  was  fixed  at  twenty-five  in  the  Senate  and  seventy-five 
in  the  House,  subject  to  a  certain  specified  ratio  of  increase  when 
the  population  should  exceed  1,000,000. 

As  the  Constitution  of  18 18  had  been  modeled   upon   the 

form  then  most  popula ;  in  the  Southern  States — especially  with 

[reference  to  the  large  number  of  officers  made  appointive  by  the 

Governor,  or  elective  by  the  Legislature — so  the  new  Constitu- 


86 


Till'.    WIUTl-;    CITV  —  ILLINOIS. 


f  i 


e. 


tion  was,  in  some  of  its  features,  more  in  S3'nipatli3''  with  those 
of  other  Northern  States,  and  indicated  the  growing  influence  of 
New  England  sentiment.  This  was  especially  the  case  with 
reference  to  the  section  providing  for  a  system  of  township  or- 
ganization in  the  several  coiinties  of  the  State  at  the  pleasure 
of  a  majority  of  the  voters  of  each  countj\ 

Besides  the  election  for  the  ratification  of  the  State  Constitu- 
tion^ three  other  State  elections  were  held  in  1848,  viz:    (i)  for 
the  election  of  State  officers  in    August;    (2)    an   election    of 
Judges  in  September,  and   (3)  the   Presidential  election  in  No- 
vember.     At  the  first  of  these,  Governor  French,  whose  first 
term  had  been  cut  short  two  years  by  the  adoption  of    he  new 
Constitution,  was  re-elected  for  a  second  term,  practically  with- 
out opposition,  the  vote  against  him  being  divided  between  Pierre 
Tvlenard  and  Dr.  C.  V.  D3^er.     French  thus  became  his  own  suc- 
cessor, being   the  first  Illinois  Governor  to  be  re-elected,  and, 
though  two  3'ears  of  his  first  term  had  been  cut  off  by  the  adop- 
tion of  the  Constitution,  he  .served  in  the  gubernatorial  office  six 
years.     The  other  State  officers  elected,  were  William  Mc]\Iur- 
try,    wf    Knox,    Lieutenant-Governor;     Horace    S.    Cooley,   of 
Adams,  Secretary  of  State;  Thomas  H.  Campbell,  of  Randolph, 
Auditor,  and  Milton  Carpenter,  of  Hamilton,  vState  Treasurer — all 
Democrats,  and  all  but  McAIurtry  being  their  own  successors.    At 
the   Presidential  election  in  November,   the  electoral  vote  \ui 
given  to  Lewis  Cass,  the  Democratic  candidate,  who  received  56,- 
300  votes,  to  53,047  for  Taylor,  the  Whig  candidate,  and  15,774  wr 
Martin  Van  Buren,  the  candidate  of   the   Free  Democracy  or 
Free-Soil  party.     Thus,  for  the  first  time  in  the  history  of  the 
State  after  1824,  the  Democratic  candidate  for  President  failed 
to  receive  an  absolute  majority  of  the  popular  vote,  being  in  a 
minority  of  12,521,  while  having  a  plurality  over  the  Whig  can- 
didate of  3,253.     The  only  noteworth}'  results  in  the  election 
of  Congressmen  this  year,  was  the  election  of  Col.  E.  D.   Bal>":r 
(Whig),  from  the  Galena  District,  and  I\Laj.  The  mas  L.  Harris 
(Democrat),   from    the  Springfield   District.      Both   Baker  and 


lu  a 


mm 


Harris  1: 

accounte 

political! 

at  the  sa 

fourth  te 

Judges  e 

froui  the 

tral,  and 

Ale 

Stf.      Se 

\vao   had 

Gordo;  ^ 

six  years 

I    were  arra 

After  a  1: 

party  and 

his  seat,  1 

heated  co; 

judiciousl 

he  \ras  de 

birth,  the 

after  natii 

October  f( 

session,  ai 

eypiration 

not  withoi 

sion. 

Anotl 
adoption  * 
"Wilniot  ■ 
regular  se; 
settled  in 
drift  of  se] 
the  institn 
phasized  b 


IIJJXOIS — FRKXCH  ^ND  MATTESON. 


87 


Harris  had  been  soldiers  in  the  Mexican  War,  which  probably 
accounted  for  their  election  in  Districts  usually  opposed  to  them 
politically.  The  other  five  Congressmen  elected  from  the  State 
at  the  same  time — including  John  Wentworth,  then  chosen  for  a 
fourth  term  from  the  Chicago  District — were  Democrats.  The 
Judges  elected  to  the  Supreme  Bench  were  Lyman  Trumbull, 
from  the  Southern  Division ;  Samuel  H.  Treat,  from  the  Cen- 
tral, and  John  Dean  Caton,  from  the  Northern — all  Democrats. 

A  leading  event  of  this  session  was  the  election  of  a  United 
Stf.  Senator  in  place  of  Sidnc}' Breese.  Gen.  James  Shields, 
\.vao  had  been  severely  wounded  on  the  battle-field  of  Cerro 
Gordo;  Sidney  Breese,  who  had  been  United  States  Senator  for 
six  years,  and  John  A.  McClernand,  then  a  member  of  Congress, 
were  arrayed  against  each  other  before  the  Democratic  caucus. 
After  a  bitter  contest.  Shields  was  declared  the  choice  of  his 
party  and  was  finally  elected.  He  did  not  immediately  obtain 
his  seat,  however.  On  presentation  of  his  credentials,  after  a 
heated  controversy  in  Congress  and  out  of  it,  in  which  he  in- 
judiciously assailed  his  predecessor  in  very  intemperate  language, 
he  was  declared  ineligible  on  the  ground  that,  being  of  foreign 
birth,  the  n'  -  xsrsof  citizenship  required  by  the  Constitution 
after  natuTw  ,^  or  had  not  elapsed  previous  to  his  election.  In 
October  followi  ;.  the  Legislature  was  called  together  in  special 
session,  and.  Shields'  disability  having  now  been  removed  by  the 
e:  piration  of  the  Constitutional  period,  he  was  re-elected,  though 
not  without  a  renewal  of  the  bitter  contest  of  the  regular  ses- 
sion. 

Another  noteworthj'  event  of  this  special  session  was  the 
adoption  of  a  joint  resolution  favoring  the  principles  of.  the 
"Wilniot  Proviso."  Although  this  was  repealed  at  the  next 
regular  session  on  the  ground  that  the  points  at  issue  had  been 
settled  in  the  Compromise  Measures  of  1850,  it  indicated  the 
drift  of  sentiment  in  Illinois  tov/ard  opposition  to  the  spread  of 
the  institution  of  r'averj^,  and  this  was  still  more  strongly  em- 
phasized by  the  election  of  Abraham  Lincoln  in  i860. 


88 


THE   WHITE   CITY  —  ILLINOIS. 


{li  'h 


Two  important  measures  which  passsed  the  General  As- 
sembl}'  at  the  session  of  1851,  were  the  Free-Banking  Law,'^'  and 
the  act  incorporating  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad  Company. 
The  credit  of  first  suggesting  this  great  thoroughfare  has  been 
awarded  to  William  Smith  Waite,  a  citizen  of  Bond  County. 
Illinois,  as  early  as  1835/)-  The  first  step  toward  legislation  in 
Congress  on  this  subject  was  taken  in  the  introduction  by  Sena- 
tor Brecse  of  a  bill  in  March,  1843,!  ^"t  it  was  not  until  1850 
that  the  measure  took  the  form  of  a  direct  grant  of  lauds  to 
the  State,  finally  passing  the  Senate  in  Ma}^  and  the  House  in 
September  following.  The  act  ceded  to  the  State  of  Illinois,  for 
the  purpose  of  aiding  in  the  construction  of  a  line  of  railroad, 
from  the  junction  of  the  Ohio  and  Mississippi,  with  branches  to 
Chicago  and  Dubuque,  Iowa,  respectively,  alternate  sections  of 
land  on  each  side  of  said  railroad,  aggregating  2,595,000  acres, 
the  length  of  the  road  and  branches  exceeding  seven  hundred 
miles.  An  Act  incorporating  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad  Corn- 
pan  3'  passed  the  State  Legislature  in  February,  1851.  Tlie 
compau}'  was  thereupon  promptly  organized  with  a  numl)cr  of 
New  York  capitalists  at  its  head,  including  Robert  Schuyler, 
George  Griswold  and  Gouvcrneur  Morris,  and  the  grant  was  placed 
in  the  hands  of  trustees  to  be  iised  for  the  purpose  designated, 
under  the  pledge  of  the  Companj'  to  build  the  road  by  July  4. 
1S54,  and  to  pay  seven  per  cent,  of  its  gross  earnings  into  the 
State  Ireasury  perpetually.  A  large  proportion  of  the  line  uas 
constructed  through  sections  of  country  either  sparsely  settled 
or  wholl}'  unpopulated,  but  which  have  since  become  amony;  the 


*T1k)Uk1i  iiiii^erfect  in  some  of  its  details,  the  provisions  of  this  law  for  the  protec- 
tion of  circuLition  proved  effective  up  to  the  time  of  the  Rebellion.  By  i860  one  !nin 
dred  and  ten  hanks  had  been  established  under  it  with  an  aj^gre^ate  circulation  iif5i2- 
320,964.  In  November,  1H62,  only  twenty-two  remained  solvent,  while  ninety-three  luii 
su.sjjendeil  or  gone  out  of  bu.siness.  The  banks  in  liquidation  paid  on  their  circulation 
all  the  way  from  ])ar  to  ;is  little  as  forty-nine  cents  on  the  dollar,  the  average  beinu  about 
sixty,  inv.,!ving  a  lossof  nearly  ^4,000,000.— .7/yir.s"  Hisloiy  of  flliiiois. 

tW.  K.  Ackertnan,  a  fonner  President  of  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad  Com])any,  in 
his  "  Historical  vSketch  "  in  reference  to  th.nt  enterprise,  claims  this  honor  forLieiil.-Gov 
Alexander  M.  Jenkins,  in  the  Senate  in  18,^2.  Jenkins  was  elected  Lieutenant-Governor 
tile  same  year,  serving  until  the  close  of  1834. 

'    J  A  special  charter  for  such  a  road  had  passed  the  Illinois  Legislature  in  \^2,^.— Acker- 
man. 


ILLINOIS — FRENCH    AND    MATTESON. 


89 


richest  ana  most  populous  portions  of  the  State.  The  fund 
already  received  by  the  State  from  the  road  exceeds  the  amount 
of  tiie  State  debt  incurred  under  the  internal  improvement 
scheme  of  1837.* 

On  his  retirement  from  the  governorship,  Governor  French 
was  appointed  one  of  the  State  Bank  Commissioners,  and  still 
later  became  a  professor  of  law  in  McKendree  College,  at  Leba- 
non. In  1862  he  served  as  a  member  of  the  Constitutional  Con- 
vention from  St.  Clair,  and  died  at  Lebanon,  September  4,  1864. 

Joel  A.  Matteson  (Democrat)  was  elected  Governor  at  the 
November  election,  in  1852,  receiving  80,645  votes  to  64,405  for 
I'  Edwin  B.  Webb,t  Whig,  and  8,809  for  Dexter  A.  Knowlton, 
Free-Soil.  The  other  State  officers  elected,  were  Gustavus 
Kcerner,  Lieutenant-Governor;  Alexander  Starne,  Secretary  of 
State;  Thomas  H.  Campbell,  Auditor;  and  John  Moore,  Treas- 
urer. Th°  Whig  candidates  for  these  offices,  respectively  were 
James  L.  D.  Morrison,  Buckner  S.  Morris,  Charles  A.  Betts  and 
Francis  Arenz.  John  A.  Logan  appeared  among  the  new  mem- 
bers of  the  Hous._  chosen  at  thif  election  as  a  Representative 
from  Jackson  County ;  while  Henry  W.  Blodgett,  since  United 
States  District  Judge  for  the  Northern  District  of  Illinois,  and 
now  counsel  of  the  American  Arbitrators  of  the  Behring  Sea 
Connnlssion,  was  the  only  Free-Soil  member,  being  the  Repre- 
sentative from  Lake  County.  John  Reynolds,  who  had  been 
Governor,  a  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  and  Member  of  Con- 
gress, was  a  member  of  the  House  and  was  elected  Speaker. 

The  State  debt  reached  its  maximum  at  the  beginning  of 
Matteson's  administration,  amounting  to  $16,724,177,  of  which 
$7,259,822  was  canal  debt.  The  State  had  now  entered  upon  a 
new  and  prosperous  period,  and  in  the  next  four  years  the  debt 
was  reduced  by  the  sum  of  $4,564,840,  leaving  the  amount  out- 


*For  a  detailed  history  of  this  jjrcat  enteqjrise  see  "Moses"  History  of  Illinois," 
Vol.  II,  pp.  572-580. 

tWchl)  was  a  brother  of  James  Watson  Webb,  for  many  years  editor  of  the  New  York 
Coiirirr  and  Enquirer,  and  afterward  Minister  to  Brazil  by  appointment  of  President 

Lincoln. 


90 


THE   WHITE  CITY  —  ILLINOIS. 


standing,  January  i,  1857,  $12,834,144.  The  three  State  insti- 
tutions at  Jacksonville — the  Asylums  for  the  Deaf  and  Dumb, 
the  Blind,  and  Insane — had  been  in  successful  operation  several 
years,  but  now  internal  dissensions  and  Oissatisfaction  with  their 
management  scriouslj'  interfered  with  their  prosperity  and 
filially  led  to  revolutions  which,  for  a  time,  impaired  their  use- 
fulness. 

During  Matteson's  administration  a  period  of  political  ex- 
citement began,  caused  by  the  introduction  in  the  United  States 
Senate,  in  January,  1854,  by  Senator  Douglas,  of  Illinois,  of 
the  bill  for  the  repeal  of  the  Missouri  Compromise — otherwise 
known  as  the  Kansas-Nebraska  bill.  Although  this  belongs 
rather  to  National  history,  the  prominent  part  played  in  it  b}-  an 
Illinois  statesman  who  had  won  applause  three  or  four  years  be- 
fore by  the  service  he  had  performed  in  securing  the  passage  of 
the  Illinois  Central  Railroad  grant,  and  the  effect  which  his 
course  had  in  revolutionizing  the  politics  of  the  State,  justifies 
reference  to  it  here.  After  a  debate,  almost  unprecedented  in 
bitt'^rness,  it  became  a  law.  May  30,  1S54.  The  agitation  in 
Ill'.iois  was  intense.  At  Chicago,  Douglas  was  practically  de- 
nied a  hearing.  Going  to  Springfield,  where  the  State  Fair  was 
in  progress  during  the  first  week  of  October,  1854,  he  made  a 
speech  in  the  State  Capitol  in  his  defense.  This  was  replied  to 
by  Abraham  Lincoln,  then  a  private  citizen,  to  whom  Douglas 
made  a  rejoinder.  Speeches  were  also  made  in  criticism  of 
Doiiglas'  position  by  Judges  Breese  and  Trumbull  (both  of 
whom  had  been  prominent  Democrats)  and  other  Democratic 
leaders  were  understood  to  be  read}^  to  assail  the  champior.  of 
the  Kansas-Nebraska  bill,  though  the}'  afterward  thought  better 
of  it  and  became  supporters  of  the  measure.  The  first  State 
Convention  of  opponents  of  the  Nebraska  Bill  was  held  at  the 
same  time,  but  the  attendance  was  small  and  the  attempt  to 
effect  a  permanent  organization  was  not  successful.  At  the  ses- 
sion of  the  Nineteenth  General  Assembly,  which  met  in  January 
following,  Lyman    Trumbull    was  chosen  the  first  Republican 


ILLINOIS  —  FRENCH    AND   MATTESON. 


91 


United  vStates  Senator  from  Illinois,  in  place  of  General  Shields, 
whose  term  was  abont  to  expire.  Trnmbull  was  elected  on  the 
tenth  ballot,  receiving  fifty-one  votes  to  fortj'-seven  for  Governor 
Matteson,  thongh  Lincoln  had  led  on  the  Repnblican  side  at 
every  previous  ballot,  and  on  the  first  had  come  within  six  votes 
of  an  election.  Although  he  was  then  the  choice  of  a  large  major- 
ity of  the  opposition  to  the  Democratic  candidate,  when  Lincoln 
saw  that  the  original  supporters  of  Trumbull  would  not  cast 
their  votes  for  himself,  he  generously  insisted  that  his  friends 
should  support  his  rival,  thus  determining  the  result. 

On  the  twenty-second  of  February,  1856,  occurred  the  con- 
vention of  Anti-Nebraska  (Republican)  editors  at  Decatur, 
which  proved  the  first  effective  step  in  consolidating  the  opposi- 
tion to  the  Kansas-Nebraska  Bill  into  a  compact  political  organ- 
ization. The  main  business  of  this  convention  consisted  in  the 
adoption  of  a  series  of  resolutions  defining  the  position  of  their 
authors  on  National  questions — especially  with  reference  to  the 
institution  of  slavery— and  appointing  a  State  Convention  to  be 
held  at  Bloomington,  May  29th,  following.  A  State  Central 
Committee  to  represent  the  new  party  was  also  appointed  at  this 
con\cntion.  With  two  or  three  exceptions  the  Committeemen 
accepted  and  joined  in  the  call  for  the  State  Convention,  which 
was  heM  at  the  time  designated,  when  the  first  Republican  State 
ticket  was  put  in  the  field.  Among  the  distinguished  men  who 
participated  in  this  Convention  were  Abraham  Lincoln,  O.  H. 
Browning,  Richard  Yates,  Owen  Lovejo}-,  John  M.  Pah.  er, 
Isaac  N.  Arnold  and  John  Wentworth.  Palmer  presided,  while 
Abraham  Lincoln,  who  was  one  of  the  chief  speakers,  was  one 
of  the  delegates  appointed  to  the  National  Convention,  held  at 
Philadelphia  on  the  seventeenth  of  June.  The  candidates  put  in 
nomination  for  State  offices  were:  William  H.  Bissell,  for  Governor; 
Francis  A.  Hoffman,  for  Lieutenant-Governor  (afterward  replaced 
by  John  Wood  on  account  of  ineligibilit}');  Ozias  M.  Hatch,  for 
Secretary  of  State;  Jesse  K.  Dubois,  for  Auditor;  James  H. 
Miller,  for  State  Treasurer,  and  William  H.  Powell  for  Superin- 


mm 


92 


THE   WHITE  CITV  —  HXINOIS. 


!']! 


tendent  of  Public  Instruction.  The  Democratic  ticket  was  cf im- 
posed of  William  A.  Richardson,  for  Governor;  R.  J.  Hamilton, 
Lieutenant-Governor;  W.  H.  Snyder,  Secretary  of  State;  S.  K. 
Casey,  Auditor;  John  Moore,  Treasurer,  and  J.  H.  St.  Matthew, 
Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction.  The  American  organiza- 
tion also  nominated  a  ticket  headed  b}'  Buckner  S.  Morris  for 
Governor.  Althouj^h  the  Democrats  carried  the  State  for  Bu- 
chanan, their  candidate  for  President,  by  a  plurality  of  9,1^9, 
the  entire  Republican  State  ticket  was  elected  by  pluralities 
ranging  from  3,031  to  20,213 — the  latter  being  the  majority  for 
Miller,  candidate  for  State  Treasurer,  whose  name  was  on  botli 
the  Republican  and  American  tickets. 


ora- 
ton, 

K. 
lew, 
liza- 

for 
Bu- 

ities 
'  tor 
both 


f^, 


<mm'  mukummmmmmmm 


CHAPTER    X. 


ILLIX'OIS  UNDER   REPUBLICAN   RULE. 

TIIH  ADMINISTRATION  OF  GOVERNOR  HISSHLI. — PERSONAL  SKETCH 
—GOV.    JOHN    WOOD  —  CAMPAIGN    OF    1860  —  LINCOLN  AND 
YATES  —  THE    REBELLION — ILLINOIS    IN   THE   GREAT 
STRUGGLE — PEACE  MEETINGS  IN  1 863 — CAMP  DOUG- 
LAS  CONSPIRACY  —  CAMPAIGN    OF    1864  —  AS- 
SASSINATION   OF    LINCOLN  —  THE    LOYAL 
WOMEN     OF     ILLINOIS  —  OGLESBV'S 
ADMINISTRATION, 

ITH  the  inauguration  of  Governor 
Bissell,  the  Republican  partj'  en- 
tered upon  the  control  of  the  Sti;te 
Government,  which  was  maintained 
without  interruption  until  the  close 
^ft^r\^'^-(*.tf/-'''''  of  the  administration  of  Governor  Fifer,  in 
7//'^  jj^ij^im-y,  1893 — a  period  of  thirty-six  years. 
On  account  of  physical  disabilit}-  Bissell's  in- 
auguration took  place  in  the  executive  mansion, 
January  12,  1857.  ^^  ^^'^^  immediately  made  the  object  of  viru- 
lent personal  attack  in  the  House,  being  charged  with  pcrju.yin 
taking  the  oath  of  office  in  face  of  the  fact  that,  while  a  member 
of  Congress,  he  had  accepted  a  challenge  to  fight  a  duel  with 
Jefferson  Davis.  To  this,  the  reply  was  made  that  the  offense 
charged  took  place  outside  of  the  State  and  beyond  the  legal 
jurisdiction  of  the  Constitution  of  Illinois. 

While  the  State  continued  to  prosper  under  Bissell's  admin- 
istration, the  most  important  events  of  this  period  related  rather 


Illinois. 


93 


94 


THK    WHITK    CITY — ILLINOIS. 


to  K^Micral  than  to  State  policy.  One  of  these  was  the  delivery 
by  Abraham  Lincoln,  in  the  Hall  of  Representatives,  on  the 
evening  of  June  17,  iS5iS,  of  the  celebrated  speech  in  which  he 
announced  the  doctrine  that  "  a  house  divided  against  itself  can- 
not stand."  This  was  followed  during  the  next  few  months  hv 
the  scries  of  memorable  debates  between  those  two  great  cham- 
pions of  their  respective  parties — Lincoln  and  Douglas — which 
attracted  the  attention  of  the  whole  land.  The  result  was  the 
re-election  of  Douglas  to  the  United  States  Senate  for  a  third 
term,  but  it  also  made  Abraham  Lincoln  President  of  the  United 
States. 

About  the  middle  of  Risscll's  term  (February,  1859),  came 
the  discovery  of  what  has  since  been  known  as  the  celebrated 
"  Canal  Scrip  Fraud."  This  consisted  in  the  fraudulent  fundiiii; 
in  State  bonds  of  a  large  amount  of  State  scrip,  which  had  been 
issued  for  temporary  purposes  during  the  construction  of  the 
Illinois  and  Michigan  Canal,  but  which  had  been  subsequently 
redeemed.  A  Lgislative  investigation  proved  the  amount  ille- 
gally funded  to  have  been  $223,182,  and  that  the  bulk  of  the 
bonds  issued  therefor — so  far  as  they  could  be  traced — had  been 
delivered  to  ex-Gov.  Joel  A.  Matteson.  For  this  amount,  with 
accrued  interest,  he  gave  to  the  State  an  indemnity  bond,  secured 
by  real  estate  mortgages,  from  which  the  State  eventually  realized 
$238,000  out  of  $255,000,  then  due.  Further  investigation  proved 
additional  frauds  of  like  character,  aggregating  $165,346,  which 
the  State  never  recovered.  An  attempt  was  made  to  prosecute 
Matteson  criminally  in  the  Sangamon  County  Circuit  Court,  but 
the  grand  jury  failed,  by  a  close  vote,  to  find  an  indictment 
against  him.     He  died  in  Chicago,  January  31,  1873. 

At  the  time  of  his  election  to  the  Governorship,  Bissell  was 
already  a  conspicuous  figure  in  National  and  State  politics.  A 
native  of  New  York,  on  coming  to  Illinois  he  began  the  practice 
of  his  profession  as  a  physician  in  Monroe  County,  but  afterward 
adopted  the  profession  of  law  and  entered  the  Legislature.  As 
Colonel  of  the  Second  Regiment  of  Illinois  Volunteers  during 


ILLINOIS — UNDKR    RHITHMCAN    RULK. 


95 


the  Mexican  War,  lie  showed  himself  a  bnive  soldier  at  the  bat- 
tle of  Buena  Vista  and  elsewhere,  and  afterward  served  three 
terms  in  Congress,  dnring  which  he  proved  his  conra.u^e  by  ac- 
cepting a  challenge  to  a  duel  from  Jefferson  Davis.  Although  a 
Democrat,  he  had  also  taken  a  leading  part  in  conjunction  with 
\\'aslil)urne,  Wentworth,  Norton,  Knox  and  Yates,  his  Illinois 
colleagues,  in  opposition  to  the  Nebraska  Bill.  At  the  time  of 
his  noniiuation  he  was  an  invalid,  having  received  an  injury  to 
his  si)ine  from  which  he  never  recovered,  and  was  not  able  to 
enter  actively  into  the  campaign.  He  died  in  office,  March  iS, 
i,S6o,  having  barely  entered  upon  the  fourth  year  of  his  official 
term.  His  remains  lie  buried  in  Oak  Ridge  Ccr  tery,  at 
Springfield,  where  a  monument  has  been  erected  to  his  memory. 

Lieut.-Gov.  John  Wood,  who  succeeded  to  Bisscll's  unex- 
pired term,  was  a  native  of  New  York,  born  December  20,  1798. 
He  came  to  Illinois  in  1819,  and  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the 
city  of  Quincy,  where  he  built  the  first  log-cabin  in  1S22,  and 
where  he  died  June  11,  1880.  He  was  a  large-hearted,  jjublic- 
spirited  man — an  excellent  specimen  of  the  enterprising,  pro- 
gressive pioneer.  He  served  the  State  as  Quartermaster-Gen- 
eral for  the  first  two  j^ears  after  the  opening  of  the  War  of  the 
Rebellion,  and  assisted  in  ecjuipping  all  the  earlier  regiments 
sent  to  the  field.  Although  advanced  in  years,  he  then  raised  a 
regiment  of  one-hundred-da}'  men  with  which  he  saw  some  ser- 
vice at  Memphis. 

The  political  campaign  of  i860  Mas  one  of  unparalleled  ex- 
citement throughout  the  nation,  but  especially  in  Illinois,  which 
became,  in  a  certain  sense,  the  chief  battle-ground,  furnishing 
the  successful  candidate  for  the  Presidency,  as  well  as  being  the 
State  in  which  the  convention  which  nominated  him  met.  The 
Republican  State  Convention,  held  at  Decatur,  May  9,  put  in 
nomination  Richard  Yates,  of  Morgan  Count}',  for  Governor; 
Francis  A.  Hoffman  for  Lieutenant-Governor,  O.  M.  Hatch  for 
Secretary  of  State,  Jesse  K.  Dubois,  for  Auditor,  William  Butler, 
I'or  Treasurer,  and  Newton  Bateman  for  Superintendent  of  Public 


iWiwriitwiTtyfii-iiiiiim 


.'IS 


96 


THK    WHITK    CITY  —  ILLINOIS. 


I 


!!| 


■'I- 


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if  li 


Instruction.  If  thi.s  campaign  was  memorable  for  its  excite- 
ment, it  was  also  memorable  for  the  large  number  of  National 
and  State  tickets  in  the  field.  The  National  Republican  Con- 
vention assembled  at  Chicago,  May  16,  and,  on  the  third  ballot, 
Abraham  Lincoln  was  nominated  for  President  amid  a  whirl- 
wind of  enthusiasm  unsurpassed  in  the  history  of  National 
Conventions,  of  which  so  man}-  have  been  held  In  the  "  couwii- 
tion  city'*  of  the  Northwest.  The  campaign  was  what  nii^ht 
have  been  expected  from  such  a  beginning.  Lincoln,  though  re- 
ceiving considerably  less  than  one-half  the  popular  vote,  had  a 
plui'ality  over  his  highest  competitor  of  nearly  half  a  million 
votes,  and  a  majority  in  the  electoral  colleges  of  j^y.  In  the 
State- he  received  172,161  votes  to  160,215  for  Douglas,  his  lead- 
ing competitor.  The  vote  for  Governor  stood:  Yates  (Repnb- 
lican)  172,196;  Allen  (Douglas-Democrat)  159,253;  Hope  (Breck- 
inridge Democrat)  2,049;  Stuart  (American)  1,626. 

Among  the  prominent  men  of  different  parties  who  appeared 
for  the  first  time  in  the  General  Assembly  chosen  at  this  time, 
were  William  B.  Ogden,  Richard  J.  Oglcsby,  A.  \V.  Mack, 
Washington  Bushnell,  William  Ja3'ne,  and  Henry  E.  Dunnncr, 
of  the  Senate,  and  William  R.  Archer,  J.  Russell  Jones,  Robert 
H.  IMcClellan,  J.  Young  Scammon,  William  H.  Brown,  Lawrence 
Weldon,  R.  B.  Latham,  N.  U.  Broadwell,  A.  G.  Burr,  and  John 
Scholfield,  in  the  Hou.se.  Shelby  AL  Culloni,  w-ho  had  entered 
the  Legislature  at  the  previous  session,  was  re-elected  to  thi.s 
and  was  chosen  Speaker  of  the  House  over  the  late  J.  W.  Single- 
ton. L3'nian  Trumbull  was  re-elected  to  the  United  States  Sen- 
ate by  the  votes  of  the  Republicans  over  Samuel  S.  Marshall, 
the  Democratic  candidate. 

Almost  simultaueousl}'  witli  the  accession  of  the  uew  vState 
Government,  and  before  the  inauguration  of  the  President  at 
Washington,  began  that  series  of  startling  events  which  nlti- 
niately  culminated  in  the  attempted  secession  of  eleven  States 
of  the  Union — the  first  acts  in  the  great  drama  of  war  which 
occupied  the  attention  of  the  world  for  the  next  four  years.     On 


S^.^' 


ILLINOIvS — UNDER    REPUBLICAN    RULE. 


97 


January  14,  t86i,  the  new  State  adiiiinistration  was  inaugu- 
rated; on  February  2,  Commissioners  to  the  futile  Peace  Conven- 
tion held  at  Washington,  were  appointed  from  Illinois,  consist- 
ing of  Stephen  T.  Logan,  John  M.  Palmer,  ex-Gov.  John  Wood, 
B.C.  Cook  and  T.J.  Turner;  and  on  February  nth,  Abraham 
Lincoln  took  leave  of  his  friends  and  neighbors  at  Springfield  on 
his  departure  for  Washington,  in  that  simple,  touching  speech 
which  has  taken  a  place  beside  his  inaugural  addresses  and  his 
Gettysburg  speech,  as  an  American  classic.  The  events  which 
followed;  the  firing  on  Fort  Sumter  on  the  12th  of  April  and 
its  surrender;  the  call  for  75,000  troops  and  the  excitement 
which  prevailed  all  over  the  country,  are  matters  of  National 
liistory.  Illinoisans  responded  with  promptness  and  enthusiasm 
to  the  call  for  six  regiments  of  State  militia  for  three  months' 
service,  and  one  week  later  (April  21)  Gen.  R.  K.  Swift,  of  Chi- 
cago, at  the  head  of  seven  companies,  numbering  595  men,  was 
ni  route  for  Cairo  to  execute  the  order  of  the  Secretary  of  War 
for  the  occupation  of  that  place.  The  offer  of  militar}  organi- 
zaticnis  proceeded  rapidly,  and  by  the  i8th  of  April,  fifty  com- 
panies had  been  tendered,  while  the  public-spirited  and  patriotic 
bankers  of  the  priucipal  cities  were  offering  to  supply  the  State 
with  money  to  arm  and  equip  the  hastil}'  organized  troops.  Fol- 
lowing in  order  the  six  regiments  which  Illinois  had  sent  to  the 
Mexican  War,  those  called  out  for  the  three  months'  service  in 
1S61  were  numbered  consecutively  from  seven  to  twelve,  and 
were  commanded  by  the  following  officers,  respectively:  Cols. 
John  Cook,  Richard  J.  Oglesby,  Eleazer  A.  Paine,  James  D. 
Morgan,  W.  H.  L.  Wallace  and  John  McArthur,  with  Gen.  Ben- 
jamin M.  Prentiss  as  brigade  commander.  The  rank  and  file 
numbered  4,680  men,  of  whom  2,000,  at  the  end  of  their  term  of 
service,  re-enlisted  for  three  years. 

Among  the  many  who  visited  the  State  Capitol  in  the  early 
months  of  the  war  to  offer  their  services  to  the  Government  in 
suppressing  the  Rebellion,  one  of  the  most  modest  and  unassum- 
ing was  a  gentleman  from  Galena  who  brought  a  letter  of  intro- 


"p 


iaillMHHH 


98 


THK   WHITK   CITY 


ILLINOIS. 


ductioii  to  Governor  Yates  from  Congressman  E.  B.  Wasliburnc. 
Though  he  had  been  a  captain  in  the  regular  army  and  had  seen 
service  in  the  war  with  Mexico,  he  set  up  no  pretension  on  that 
account,  but  after  da^'s  of  patient  waiting,  was  given  temporary 
employment  as  a  clerk  in  the  office  of  the  Adjutant-General. 
Col.  T.  S.  Mather.  Finally,  an  emergenc}'  having  arisen  re- 
quiring the  services  of  an  officer  of  military  experience  as  com- 
mandant at  Camp  Yates  (a  camp  of  rendezvous  and  instruction 
near  Springfield),  he  was  assigned  to  the  place,  rather  as  an  ex- 
periment and  from  necessity  than  from  conviction  of  any  pecul- 
iar fitness  for  the  position.  Having  acquitted  himself  creditably 
here,  he  was  assigned,  a  few  weeks  later,  to  the  command  of  a 
regiment  (the  Twentj^-first  Illinois  Volunteers)  which,  from 
previous  bad  management,  had  manifested  a  mutinous  tendency, 
And  thus  Uly.sses  S.  Grant,  the  most  successful  leader  of  the 
war,  the  organiscer  of  final  victory  over  the  Rebellion,  the  Lieu- 
ten  ant-General  of  the  armies  of  the  Union  and  twice  elected 
President  of  the  United  States,  started  upon  that  career  whicli 
won  for  him  the  plaudits  of  the  Nation  and  the  title  of  the  grand- 
est soldier  of  his  time. 

The  responses  of  Illinois,  under  the  leadership  of  its 
patriotic  "  War  Governor,"  Richard  Yates,  to  the  repeated  calls 
for  volunteers  through  the  four  3'ears  of  war,  were  cheerful  and 
prompt.  Illinois  troops  took  part  in  nearly  every  important  l)at- 
tle  in  the  Mississippi  Valley  and  in  many  of  those  in  the  East, 
besides  accompanying  Sherman  in  his  triumphal  "  March  to  the 
Sea."  Illinois  blood  stained  the  field  at  Belmont,  at  Wilson's 
Creek,  Lexiijgton,  Forts  Donelson  and  Henry;  at  Shiloh,  Cor- 
inth, Nashville,  Stone  River  and  Chicamauga;  at  Jackson,  tlie 
Siege  of  Vicksburg,  Allatoona  Pass,  Kenesaw  Mountain,  Rc-^aca, 
Peach  Tree  Creek  and  Atlanta,  in  the  South  and  West;  atid  at 
Chancellorsville,  Antietam,  Gettysburg,  Petersburg  and  in  tlic 
battles  of  *' the  Wilderness"  in  the  East.  Of  .''.11  the  States  of 
the  Union,  Illinois  alone,  up  to  February  i,  1864,  presented  the 
proud  record  of  having  answered  every  call  upon  her  for  troops 


ILLINOIS  —  UNDER   RHPUBLICAN    RULE. 


99 


without  a  draft.     The  whole  number  of  enlistments   from  the 
State  under  the^'arious  calls  from  1861  to  1865,  were  255,057  to 
meet  quotas  aggregating  244,496''".     The  ratio  of  troops  furnished 
to  population  was  15^1  per  cent.,  which  was  only  exceeded  by  the 
District  of  Columbia  (which  had  a  large  inflnx  from  the  States), 
and  Kansas  and  Nevada,  each  of  which  had  a  much  larger  pro- 
portion of  adnlt  male  population.     The  v,  hole  number  of  regi- 
mental ort'  nizations,  according  to  the  returns  in  the  Adjutant- 
General's   office,   was    151     regiments    of    infantry    (numbered 
consecutively  from  the  Sixth  to  the  One  Hundred  and  Fifty- 
seventh),  17  regiments  of  cavalry  and  two  regiments  of  artillery, 
besides  nine  independent  batteries.     The  total  losses  of  Illinois 
troops,    officially     reported    by    the    War    Department,     were 
34,834  (13-65   per  cent.),  of  which    5,874  were  killed  in  battle, 
4,020  died  of  wounds,   22,786  died  of  disease,  and  2,154   from 
other  causes.     Besides  the  great  Commander-in-Chief,  Abraham 
Lincoln,  and  Lieut.-Gen.  U.  S.  Grant,  Illinois  furnished  eleven 
full  Major-Generals  of  volunteers,  viz. :  Generals  John   Pope, 
John  A.  WcClernand,  S.  A.  Hurlbut,  B.  M.  Prentiss,  John  M. 
Palmer,  R.  J.  Oglesby,  John  A.  Logan,  John  M.  Schofield,  Giles 
A.  Smith,  Wesley  IVIerritt  and  Benjamin  H.  Grierson;  twenty 
Brevet    Major-Generals;    twenty-four    Brigadier-Generals,   and 
over   120   Brevet  Brigadier-Generals.     Among  the  long  list  of 
regimental  officers  who  fell  upon  the  field  or  died  from  wounds 
appear  the  names  of  Col.  J.  R.  Scott,  of  the   19th;  Col.  Thomas 
D.  Williams,  of  the  25th;  and  Col.   F.   A.   Harrington,   of  the 
27th— all  killed  at  Stone  River;  Col.  J.  W.  S.  Alexander,  of  the 
2ist;  Col.   Daniel  Gilmer,  of  the  38th;    Lieut.-Col.    Duncan  J. 
Hall,  of  the  89th;  Col.  Timothy  O'Meara,  of  the  90th;  and  Col. 
Holden   Putnam,  at  Chicamauga  and  Missionary    Ridge;   Col. 
John  B.  Wyman,  of  the  13th,  at  Chickasaw  Bayou;  Lieut.-Col. 
Thomas  W.  Ross,  of  the  32nd,  at  Sliiloh;  Col.  John  A.  Davis,  of 
tlie46th,  at  Hatchie;  Col.  William  A.  Dickernian,  of  the  103d, 

*A(:cording  to  the  account  of  the  United  States  War  Department.     According  to  the 
State  account,  the  quota  was  231,488  and  the  number  credited  226,592. 


TOO 


TIIK    WIIITI';   CITY  —  ILLINOIS. 


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4 


at  Rcsaca ;  Col.  0.scar  Harmon  at  Kciiesaw ;  Col.  John  A.  Bross 
It  Petersburg,  besides  Col.  Mihalotzy,  Col.  Silas  Miller,  Litui.- 
Col.  Melancthon  Smith,  Maj.  Zenas  Applington,  Col.  John  J. 
Mudd,  Col.  Matthew  H.  Starr,  Maj.  Wm.  H-  Medill,  Col.  War- 
ren Stewart  and  many  more  on  other  battle-fields.  It  would  be 
a  grateful  task  to  here  record  the  names  of  a  host  of  others,  who, 
after  acquitting  themselves  bravely  on  the  field,  survived  to  cn- 
jo}^  the  plaudits  of  a  gratefnl  people,  but  this  would  be  beyond 
the  design  and  scope  of  the  present  work. 

One  of  the  most  brilliant  exploits  of  the  War  v/as  the  raid 
from  iNIemphis  to  Baton  Rouge,  Louisiana,  in  May,  1S63,  led  by 
Col.  B.  H.  Grierson,  of  the  6th  Illinois  Cavalry,  in  co-operation 
with  the  7th  iinder  coniniand  of  Col.  Edward  Prince. 

An  incident  of  a  different  character  was  the  calling  of  a 
convention  to  revise  the  State  Constitution,  and  which  nut  at 
Springfield,  January  7,  1862.  A  majority  of  this  body  was 
composed  of  those  opposed  to  the  war  polic}-  of  the  Government, 
and  a  disposition  to  interfere  with  the  affairs  of  the  State  admin- 
istration and  the  General  Government  was  soon  manifLStcd, 
which  was  resented  by  the  executive  and  many  of  the  soldiers  in 
the  field.  The  convention  adjourned  March  24,  and  its  \v(;rk 
was  submitted  to  vote  of  the  ^people,  June  17,  1.S62,  when  it  was 
rejected  by  a  majorit}-  of  more  than  16,000,  not  counting  the 
soldiers  in  the  field  who  were  permitted  as  a  matter  of  policy  to 
vote  upon  it,  but  who  were  practically  unanimous  in  opposition 
to  it. 

A  few  days  before  this  election  (June  3,  1862),  United vStates 
Senator  Stephen  A.  Douglas  died,  at  the  Tremont  House  in  Chi- 
cago, depriving  the  Democratic  party  of  the  State  of  its  most 
sagacioiis  and  patriotic  adviser. 

Another  political  incident  of  this  period  grew  out  of  the 
session  of  the  General  Assembly  of  1S63.  This  body  having 
been  elected  on  the  tide  of  the  political  revulsion  which  followed 
the  issuance  of  President  Lincoln's  preliminar}^  Proclamation  of 
Emancipation,  was    Democratic  in    both    branches.     One  of  its 


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ILLINOIS — UXUKR    RKPUHLICAN    RULE:. 


lOI 


first  acts  was  the  election  of  William  A.  Richardson  United 
States  Senator,  in  place  of  O.  H.  Browning,  who  had  been  ap- 
pointed b}'  Governor  Yates  to  the  vacancy  caused  by  the  death 
of  Douglas.  This  Legislature  early  showed  a  tendency  to  follow 
in  the  footsteps  of  the  Constitutional  Convention  of  1.S62,  by  at- 
tempting to  cripple  the  State  and  General  Governments  in  the 
prosecution  of  the  war.  Resolutions  on  the  subject  of  the  war, 
which  the  friends  of  the  Union  regarded  as  of  a  most  mischievous 
character,  were  introduced  and  passed  in  the  House,  but  owing  to 
the  death  of  a  member  on  the  majoritj'  side,  failed  to  pass  the 
Senate.  These  denounced  the  suspension  of  the  writ  of  luiheas 
corpus;  condemned  "tl.e  attempted  enforcement  of  compensated 
emancipation"  and  "thi  transportation  of  negroes  into  the 
State;"  accused  the  General  Government  of  ''Usurpation,"  of 
"subverting  the  Constitution"  and  attempting  to  establish  a 
"consolidated  military  despotism;"  charged  that  the  war  had 
been  "diverted  from  its  first  avowed  object  to  that  of  subjugation 
and  the  abolition  of  slavery;"  declared  the  belief  of  the  authors 
that  its  "  further  prosecution cannot  result  in  the  restora- 
tion of  the  Union unless  the  President's  Emancipation 

Proclamation  be  vithdrawn ;"  appealed  to  Congress  to  secure  an 
armistice  with  the  rebel  States,  and  closed  by  appointing  six 
Commissioners  (who  were  named)  to  confer  with  Congress  with 
a  view  to  the  holding  of  a  National  Convention  to  adjust  the 
differences  between  the  States.  These  measures  occupied  the 
attention  of  tin  Legislature  to  the  exclusion  of  subjects  of  State 
interest,  so  that  little  legislation  was  accomplished — not  even  the 
ordinary  appropriation  bills  being  passed. 

At  this  juncture,  the  two  Houses  having  disagreed  as  to  the 
date  of  adjournment.  Governor  Yates  exercised  the  constitutional 
prerogative  of  proroguing  them,  which  he  did  in  a  message  on 
Jnne  loth,  declaring  them  adjourned  to  the  last  day  of  their  con- 
stitutional term.  The  Republicans  accepted  the  result  and 
withdrew,  but  the  Democratic  majority  in  the  House  and  a 
minority  in  the  Senate  continued  in  session  for  some  days  with- 


wmm 


I02 


THK   WIIITK   CITY — II.MNOIS. 


out  heinjj;  able  to  transact  any  business  except  the  filing  of  an 
empty  protest,  when  they  adjourned  to  the  first  ^londay  of  Jan- 
uary, 1H64.  The  excitement  produced  by  this  affair,  in  the 
Legislature  and  throughout  the  State,  was  intense,  but  the  ac- 
tion of  Governor  Yates  was  sustained  by  the  vSupreme  Court  and 
the  adjourned  session  was  never  held.  The  failure  of  the  Leifis- 
lature  to  make  provision  for  the  expenses  of  the  State  Govtrn- 
ment  and  the  relief  of  the  soldiers  in  the  field,  made  it  necessary 
for  Governor  Yates  to  accept  that  aid  from  the  public-spirited 
bankers  and  capitalists  of  the  State  which  was  never  w.uilini; 
when  needed  during  this  critical  period. 

Largely  attended  "  peace  conventions  "  were  held  during  this 
year,  at  Springfield  on  the  .seventeenth  of  June  and  at  Peoria  iuvSi])- 
teniber,  at  which  resolutions  opposing  the  "further  offensive  prose- 
cution of  the  war"  were  adopted.  An  immense  Union  mass- 
meeting  was  also  held  at  Springfield  on  the  third  of  vSep- 
tember,  which  was  addressed  by  leading  \\'ar-Democrats.  An 
important  incident  of  this  meeting  was  the  reading  of  the  letter 
from  President  Lincoln  to  Hon.  James  C.  Conkling,  in  which  hi- 
defended  his  war  policy  and  especially  his  Emancipation  Prochi- 
mation  in  a  characteristically  logical  manner. 

The  year  1864  was  full  of  exciting  political  and  military 
events.  Among  the  former  was  the  nomination  of  Gen.  George 
B.  McClellan  as  the  Democratic  candidate  for  President,  by  a 
convention  held  at  Chicago,  August  29tli,  on  a  platform  declaring 
the  war  a  "failure"  as  an  "experiment"  for  restoring  the  Union, 
and  demanding  a  "cessation  of  ho.stilities "  with  a  view  to  a  con- 
vention for  the  restoration  of  peace.  Mr.  Lincoln  had  been  re- 
nominated by  the  Republicans  at  Philadelphia,  in  June  previons, 
with  Andrew  Johnson  for  Vice-President.  The  leaders  of  the  re- 
spective State  tickets  were  Gen.  Richard  J.  Oglesby,  on  the  part 
of  the  Republicans,  for  Governor,  with  William  Bross,  for  Lieu- 
tenant-Governor, and  James  C.  Robinson  as  the  Democratic  can- 
didate for  Governor. 

For  months  rumors  had  been  rife  concerning  a  conspiracy 


ILLINOIS — UNDKR    RKPUHLICAN    RULH. 


103 


of  libels  from  the  South  and  their  .sympathizers  in  the  North, 
to  release  the  rebel  prisoners  eonfined  in  Camp  Douglas,  near 
Chicago,  and  at  Rock  Island,  Springfield  and  Alton — aggrega- 
ting over  25,000  men.  It  was  charged  that  the  scheme  was  to  l)e 
put  into  effect  simultaneously  with  the  November  election,  but 
the  activity  of  the  military  authorities  in  arresting  the  leaders 
jiul  seizing  their  arms,  defeated  it.  The  investigations  of  a 
niilitar}''  court  before  whom  a  number  of  the  arrested  parties 
were  tried,  proved  the  existence  of  an  extensive  organization, 
calling  itself ''American  Knights"  or  "Sons  of  Liberty,"  of 
which  a  number  of  well-known  ])oliticians  in  Illinois  were 
members. 

At  the  November  election  Illinois  gave  a  majority  for  Lin- 
coln of  30,756,  and  for  Oglesby,  for  Governor,  of  33,675,  with  a  • 
proportionate  majority    for   the   rest    c)f  the    ticket.      Lincoln's 
electoral  vote  was  212  to  21  for  McClellan. 

The  ReDublicans  had  a  decided  majority  in  l)oth  branches  of 
the  Legislature  of   1S65,  and  one  of  its  earliest  acts    was    the 
election   of  Governor  Yates,  United  States  Senator,  in  place  of 
William  A.  Richard.son,  who  h;id  been  elected  two  years  before 
to  the  seat  formerly  held  In^  Douglas.      This  was  the  last  public 
position  held  b}^  the  popular  Illinois  "War  Governor."     Born  in 
Kentucky  in  1S15  and  educated  at  Illinois  College,  Jacksonville, 
he  had  been  three  times  elected  to  the  lower  House  of  the  Gen- 
eral Assembly  (1842,  184].  and  1848);  had  served  two  .sessions  in 
Congress  (1851  tcj  1855),  and  had  been  elected  Governor  in  tS6u, 
ser\ing  through  the  most  critical  four  years  in  the  history  of  the 
State.     A  splendid  specimen  of  nuuihood  ph3\sicall3',  possessed 
of  great  personal  magnetism,  andiitious,  eloquent  and  patriotic, 
there  was  no  position  to  which,  in  the  estinuition  of  his  friends, 
he  might  not  fairly  aspire.     In  spite  of  weaknesses  which  grew 
upon  him  in  his  later  3'ears,  biit  M'liich  no  man  deplored  more 
deeply  than  himself,  during  his  official  term  no  more  popular 
public  servant  ever  occupied  the  executive  chair — a  fact  demon- 
strated b}^  the  promptness  with  which,  on  retiring  from  it,  he 


ro4 


rm-;  wiirri':  cvvv  —  im.inois. 


was  elected  to  the  I'tiitecl  »Stiites  Seiiute.  His  i)ers<)n;il  .uul 
l)()Htical  Integrity  was  never  questioned  by  his  most  1)itter  jMiIii- 
ical  opponents,  while  those  who  had  known  him  loiiiL^^est  and 
most  intimately,  trusted  him  most  implicitly.  The  service 
which  he  performed  in  giving  direction  to  the  patriotic  sentiiiuiit 
of  the  State  and  in  marshaling  its  heroic  soldiers  for  the  deft-use 
of  the  Union,  can  never  be  overestimated.  Retiring  from  his 
seat  in  the  Seupte  in  iiSji,  the  next  two  years  were  spent  as  a 
private  citizen  at  his  home  at  Jacksonville,  or  in  the  discharge  nf 
some  temporary  duty  for  the  Government.  It  was  in  this  latter 
capacity,  as  a  eonnnissioner  for  the  examination  of  a  railroad, 
that  he  visited  Arkansas  in  the  fall  of  1^73.  On  his  ntuni 
from  this  mission  he  died  suddenly  at  BarntMn's  Hotel  in  tluiity 
of  St.  Louis,  November  27th. 

Governor  Oglesby  and  the  other  vState  ofifieers  were  iuaitiju- 
rated  Januar}'  17th.  Entering  iipon  its  duties  with  a  Legisla- 
ture in  full  sympathy  with  it,  the  new  administration  was  con- 
fronted by  no  such  difficulties  as  those  with  which  its  predecessor 
had  to  contend.  Its  head,  who  had  bee'i.  identified  with  the  war 
from  its  beginning,  was  one  of  the  first  Illinoisans  promoted  to 
the  rank  of  Major-General,  was  personally  popular  and  enjoyed 
the  confidence  and  respect  of  the  people  of  the  State.  Gov.  .Al- 
len C.  Fuller,  who  had  retired  from  a  position,  on  the  circuit 
bench  to  accept  that  of  Adjutant-General,  which  he  held  during 
the  Last  three  years  of  the  war,  was  Speaket  of  the  House.  This 
Legislature  was  the  first  to  ratify  the  Xlllth  Amendment  of  the 
National  Constitution  abolishing  slavery,  which  it  did  in  I'otl: 
Houses,  on  the  evening  of  February  i,  1S65 — the  same  day  tin: 
resohition  had  been  finally  acted  on  b}-  Congress  and  received 
the  sanction  of  the  President.  The  odious  "black  laws,"  wliicii 
had  disgraced  the  State  for  twelve  3'ears,  were  wiped  from  thi- 
statute-book  at  this  session  The  Legislature  adjourned  after ;. 
session  of  46  days,  leaving  a  record  as  creditable  in  the  disposal 
of  business  as  that  of  its  predecessor  had  been  discreditable. 

The  war  was  now  rapidly  approaching  a  successful  terniina- 


aui,ni- 

S   Cii'.l- 

ccssor 
le  war 

)lcd  tf. 
ovcd 
.  Al- 
ircuit 
uriiig 
This 
of  the 

ly  the 
ccivt:cl 
whicli 
)in  the 
after  ■.-. 
isposal 


^B 


tion.  Lee 
1865,  and 
tivities  tli 
enthusiasr 
Lincoln  ai 
assassinati 
the  evcnin 
The  appar 
every  corn 
changed  to 
every  part 
dwellings  i 
States  wei 
Millions  c 
given  their 
Union,  wep 
tion  nionrn 
citizen,  the 
State  and  T 
very  zenitli 

Then  ( 
W'ashingto 
nessed  sine 
a  conspicnc 
most  solem 
sands,  she : 
Capital,  the 

The  p 
already  bee 
permit.  It 
the  men  of 
patriotic  se] 
ters  of  the 
organizatioi 
health  of  th 


ILUNOIS — UNDER    RKI'UBUCAN   RULK. 


TO5 


tion.  Lee  had  surrendered  to  Grant  at  Appomattox,  April  9, 
1865,  and  the  people  were  celebrating  this  event  with  joyful  fes- 
tivities through  all  the  loyal  States,  but  nowliere  with  more 
enthusiasm  than  in  Illinois,  the  home  of  the  two  great  leaders — 
Lincoln  and  Grant.  In  the  midst  of  these  jubilations  came  the 
assassination  of  President  Lincoln  by  John  Wilkes  Booth,  on 
the  evening  of  April  14,  1865,  in  Ford's  Theatre,  Washington. 
The  appalling  :iews  was  borne  on  the  wings  of  the  telegraph  to 
every  corner  of  the  land,  and  instantly  a  nation  in  rejoicing  was 
changed  to  a  nation  in  mourning.  A  pall  of  gloom  hung  over 
every  part  of  the  land.  Public  buildings,  business  houses  and 
dwellings  in  ever^'  city,  village  and  hamlet  throughout  the  loyal 
States  were  draped  with  the  insignia  of  a  universal  sorrow. 
Millions  of  strong  men  and  tender,  patriotic  women  who  had 
given  their  husbands,  sons  and  brothers  for  the  defense  of  the 
Union,  wept  as  if  overtaken  b}'  a  great  personal  loss.  If  the  Na- 
tion mourned,  much  more  did  Illinois,  at  the  taking  off  of  its  chief 
citizen,  the  grandest  character  of  the  age,  who  had  served  both 
State  and  Nation  with  such  patriotic  fidelit}-,  and  perished  ir.  the 
very  zenith  of  his  fame  and  in  the  hour  of  his  country's  triumph. 

Then  came  the  sorrowful  march  of  the  funeral  cortege  from 
Washington  to  Springfield — the  most  impressive  spectacle  wit- 
nessed since  the  Day  of  the  Crucifixion.  In  all  this,  Illinois  bore 
;i  conspicuous  part,  as  on  the  fourth  day  of  j\Iay,  1865,  amid  the 
most  solemn  ceremonies  and  in  the  presence  of  sorrowing  thou- 
sands, she  received  to  her  bosom,  near  his  old  home  at  the  State 
Capital,  the  remains  of  the  Great  Liberator. 

The  part  which  Illinois  played  in  the  grear.  struggle  lias 
already  been  dwelt  upon  as  full)^  as  the  scope  of  this  work  will 
permit.  It  only  remains  to  be  said  that  the  patriotic  service  of 
the  men  of  the  State  was  grandl}'  supplemented  by  the  equally 
patriotic  service  of  its -"vomen  in  " Soldiers  Aid  Societies,"  ''Sis- 
ters of  the  Good  Samaritan,"  "Needle  Pickets"  and  in  sanitary 
organizations  for  the  purpose  of  contributing  to  the  comfort  and 
health  of  the  soldiers  in  camp  and  in  hospital,  and  in  giving  them 


KMauunuMHiwiH 


1 06 


THE   WHITE   CITY — ILLINOIS. 


?:»«-* , 


generous  receptions  on  their  return  to  their  homes.  The  work 
done  b}' these  organizations,  and  by  individual  nurses  in  the  field, 
illustrates  one  of  the  brightest  pages  in  the  history  of  the  war. 

The  administration  of  Governor  Oglesby  was  as  peaceful 
as  it  was  prosperous.  The  chief  political  events  of  1866  were 
the  election  of  Newton  Bateman,  State  Superintendent  of  Public 
Instruction,  and  Gen.  Geo.  \V.  Smith,  Treasurer,  while  Gen, 
John  A.  Logan,  as  Representative  from  the  State-at-large,  re- 
entered CoiiT-ress,  from  which  he  had  retired  in  1861  to  enter  the 
Union  army.  His  majority  was  unprecedented,  reaching  55,9^7. 
The  Legislature  of  1867  re-elected  Judge  Trumbull  to  the  United 
vStates  Senate  for  a  third  term,  his  chief  competitor  in  the  Repub- 
lican caucus  being  Gen.  John  ]\L  Palmer.  The  XlVth  Amend- 
ment to  the  National  Constitution,  conferring  citizenship  upon 
persons  of  color,  was  ratified  b}^  this  Legislature. 

The  Republican  State  Convention  of  1868,  held  at  Peoria, 
JMa}'  6th,  noniinated  the  following  ticket:  For  Governor,  John 
]VI.  Palmer;  Lieutenant-Governor,  John  Dougherty;  Secretary  of 
State,  Edward  Rummell;  Auditor,  Charles  E.  Lippincott;  State 
Treasurer,  Erastus  N.  Bates;  Attorney-General,  Washington 
Bushnell.  John  R.  Eden,  afterward  a  member  of  Congress  for 
three  terms,  headed  the  Democratic  ticket  as  candidate  for  Gov- 
ernor, Avith  William  H.  Van  Epps  for  Lieutenant-Governor. 

The  Republican  National  Convention  was  held  at  Chicago, 
]\Lay  2ist,  nominating  U.  S.  Grant  for  President,  and  Schuyler 
Colfax  for  Mce-President.  They  were  opposed  b}'  Horatio  vSev- 
mour,  for  President,  and  F.  P.  Blair  for  Vice-President.  The  re- 
sult in  November  was  the  election  of  Grant  and  Colfax,  who  re- 
ceived  214  electoral  votes  from  26  States,  to  So  electoral  votes 
for  Seymour  and  Blair  from  eight  States — tl;ree  States  not 
voting.  Grant's  majority  in  Illinois  was  51,150.  Of  course  the 
Republican  State  ticket  was  elected.  The  Legislature  elected  at 
the  same  time  consisted  of  eighteen  Republicans  to  nine  Demo- 
crats in  the  Senate  and  fifty-eight  Republicans  to  twenty-seven 
Democrats  in  the  House. 


CHAPTER   XI. 


REPl'BLICAN  ADMINISTRATIONS,  CONTINUED. 

UXDHR   THK   CONSTITUTION    OF    187O  —  FROM    PALMKR   TO    FIFER 
— THK   CHICAGO   FIRK — SKF:TCHES  OF  E;mINP:NT   men — PAL- 
MER,    OGLESHY,     CUELOM,     LOGAN,     FIFER,    ETC.  —  NA- 
TIONAL CONVENTIOX.S  IN  CHICAGO — POLITICAL  REiV- 
OLITION    OF    1S92 — GOXERNOR    ALTGELD. 

0\'ERNOR  PALMER'S  administration  began 
auspiciously,  at  a  time  when  the  passions  aroused 
by  the  war  were  siibsiding  and  the  State  was  re- 
covering its  normal  prosperity.  Leading  events 
of  the  next  four  years  were  the  adoption  of  a  new 
*^7^  State  Constitution  and  the  Chicago  fire.  The 
first  steps  in  legislation  looking  to  the  control  of 
railroads,  were  taken  at  the  session  of  1869,  and  although  a 
stringent  law  on  the  subject  passe  both  Houses,  it  was  vetoed  by 
the  Governor.  A  milder  measure  was  afterward  enacted,  and 
although  superseded  b}'  the  Constitution  of  1870,  it  furnished 
the  key-note  for  much  of  the  legislation  since  had  on  the 
subject. 

The  celebrated  "Lake  Front  Bill,"  conveying  to  the  citj^  of 
Chicago  and  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad  the  title  of  the  State  to 
certain  lands  included  in  what  was  known  as  the  "Lake  Front 
Park,"  was  passed,  and  although  vetoed  by  the  Governor,  was  re- 
enacted  over  his  veto.  This  act  was  finally  repealed  by  the  Legis- 
lature of  1873,  and  after  many  years  of  litigation,  the  rights 
claimed  under  it  by  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad  Compan}'  have 


Illinois. 


lOT 


io8 


THE   WHITE   CITY  —  ILLINOIS. 


been  recently  declared  void  by  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United 
States. 

The  Fifteenth  Amendment  of  the  National  Constitution, 
prohibiting  the  denial  of  the  right  of  suffrage  to  *'  citizens  of  the 
United  States on  account  of  race,  color  or  previous  con- 
dition of  servitude,"  was  ratified  b}-  a  strictly  party  vote  in  each 
House,  on  March  5th. 

The  first  step  toward  the  erection  of  a  new  State  Capitol  at 
Springfield  had  been  taken  in  an  appropriation  of  $450,000  at  tlic 
session  of  1867,  the  total  cost  being  limited  to  $3,000,000.  A 
second  appropriation  of  $650,000  was  made  at  the  session  of  i  S6q. 
The  Constitution  of  1870  limited  the  cost  to  $3,500,000,  but  an 
act  passed  by  the  Legislature  of  1883,  making  a  final  appropria- 
tion of  $531,712  for  completing  and  furnishing  the  building,  was 
ratified  by  the  people  in  1884.  The  original  cost  of  the  building 
and  its  furniture  exceeded  $4,000,000. 

The  State  Convention  for  framing  a  new  Constitution  met 
at  Springfield,  December  13,  1869.  It  consisted  of  eighty-fiw 
members — forty-four  Republicans  and  fort3'-one  Democrats.  A 
number  classed  as  Republicans,  however,  were  elected  as  "  Inde- 
pendents "  and  co-operated  with  the  Democrats  in  the  organiza- 
tion. Among  the  prominent  members  were  William  J.  Allen, 
W.  B.  Anderson,  George  W.  Wall,  Silas  L.  Bryan,  W.  H.  Sny- 
der, W.  H.  Underwood,  John  Scholfield,  Milton  Hay,  O.  H, 
Browning,  O.  C  Skinner,  A.  M.  Craig,  L.  W.  Ross,  R.  M. 
Benjamin,  Clifton  H.  Moore,  H.  P.  H.  Bromwell,  L.  D.  Whiting, 
John  Dement,  Jesse  S.  Hildrup,  Lawrence  S.  Church,  Thomas 
J.  Turner,  W^illiam  Carey  and  H.  H.  Cod}-.  The  delegates  fruiii 
Cook  County  were  Joseph  Medill,  John  C.  Haines,  S.  Snowdcii 
Hayes,  W.  C.  Coolbaugh,  Charles  Hitchcock,  Elliott  Anthony 
and  Daniel  Cameron. '•'  Charles  Hitchcock  was  elected  President. 
The  convention  terminated  its  labors  May  13,  1870;  the  Consti- 
tution was  ratified  by  vote  of  the  people  July  2d,  and  went  into 


*As  to  occupations,  there  were  firty-three  lawyers,   fourteen  fanners,  thirteen  "''*f' 
chants,  bankers  ami  traders  ;  four  physicians  and  one  editor. 


ILLINOIS — REPUBLICAN    ADMINISTRATIONS. 


109 


effect  Augitst  8,  1870.  A  special  provision  establishing  the 
principle  of  "minority  representation"  in  the  election  of  Repre- 
sentatives in  the  General  Assembly,  was  adopted  by  a  smaller 
vote  than  the  main  instrnmcnt.  A  leading  featnre  of  the  latter 
was  the  general  restriction  npon  special  legislation  and  the 
enumeration  of  a  large  variety  of  snbjects  to  be  provided  for  nn- 
der  general  laws.  It  la".d  the  basis  of  onr  present  railroad  and 
warehouse  laws ;  declared  the  inviolability  of  the  Illinois  Central 
Railroad  tax;  prohibited  the  sale  or  lease  of  the  Illinois  and 
Michigan  Canal  without  a  vote  of  the  people;  prohibited  munici- 
palities from  becoming  subscribers  to  the  stock  of  any  railroad  or 
private  corporation;  limited  the  rate  of  taxation  and  amount  of 
indebtedness  to  be  incurred  ;  required  the  enactment  of  laws  for 
the  protection  of  miners,  etc.  The  restriction  in  the  old  Consti- 
tution against  the  re-election  of  a  Governor  as  his  own  immediate 
successor,  was  removed,  but  placed  upon  the  office  of  State  Treas- 
urer. The  Legislature  consists  of  two  hundred  and  four  mem- 
bers— fifty-one  Senators  and  one  hundred  fifty -three  Representa- 
tives— one  Senator  and  three  Representatives  being  chosen  from 
each  District. 

At  the  election  of  1870,  General  Logon  was  re-elected  Con- 
grcssman-at-large  by  24,672  majority  ;  Gen.  E.  N.  Bates,  Treas- 
urer and  Newton  Bateman,  State  Superintendent  of  Public  In- 
struction. 

The  Twenty-seventh  General  Assembly  (1871), in  its  vari- 
ous sessions,  spent  more  time  in  legislation  than  any  other  in  the 
history  of  the  State — a  fact  to  be  accounted  for,  in  part,  l:)y  the 
Chicago  Fire  and  the  extensive  revision  of  the  laws  required  in 
consequence  of  the  adoption  of  the  new  Constitution.  Besides 
the  regular  session,  there  were  two  special,  or  called,  sessions 
and  an  adjourned  session,  covering  in  all  a  period  of  292  days. 
This  Legislature  adopted  the  system  of  "  State  control "  in  the 
mauagement  of  the  labor  and  discipline  of  the  convicts  of  the 
State  penitentiarj',  which  was  strongly  urged  by  Governor  Pal- 
mer in  a  special  message.     General  Logan  having   been  elected 


no 


THK    WHITK   CITY  —  ILLINOIS. 


United  States  Senator  at  this  session,  Gen.  John  L.  Bcveridge 
was  elected  to  the  vacant  position  of  Congressnian-at-large  at  a 
special  election  held  October  4tli. 

The  calaniitons  fire  at  Chicago,  October  8-9,  187 1,  though 
belonging  rather  to  local  than  to  general  State  histor}-,  excited 
the  profound  sj-mpath}-,  not  only  of  the  people  of  the  State  ;uul 
the  Nation,  bnt  of  the  civili/ed  Avorld.  The  area  bnrned  over,  iii- 
clnding  streets,  covered  2,124  acres,  with  13,500  bnildings  out  of 
18,000,  leaving  92,000  persons  homeless.  The  loss  of  life  iscsti- 
niated  at  two  hundred  and  fift}-,  and  of  property  at  ?f;i87,927,ooo.''' 
Governor  Palmer  called  the  Legislature  together  in  special  ses- 
sion to  act  upon  the  emergency,  October  13th,  but  as  the  State- 
was  precluded  from  affording  direct  aid,  the  plan  was  adopted  of 
re-imbursing  the  cit}'  for  the  amount  it  had  expended  in  the  en- 
largement of  the  Illinois  and  Michigan  Canal,  anionntnig  tu 
^2,955,340.  The  unfortunate  shooting  of  a  citizen  b}'  a  cadet  in  a 
legiment  of  Ignited  States  troops  organized  for  guard  duty,  led 
to  some  controversy  between  Governor  Palmer,  on  one  side,  and 
the  IMayor  of  Chicago  and  the  militar}'  authorities,  includiiitj 
President  Grant,  on  the  other ;  but  the  general  verdict  was,  that, 
while  nice  distinctions  between  civil  and  military  authority  may 
not  have  been  observed,  the  service  rendered  by  the  military,  in 
a  great  emergency,  was  of  the  highest  value  and  was  prompted 
by  the  best  of  intentions. 

The  political  campaign  of  1872  in  Illinois  resulted  in  much 
confusion  and  a  partial  reorganization  of  parties.  Dissatisfied 
with  the  administration  of  President  Grant,  a  number  of  the 
State  officers  (including  Governor  Palmer)  and  other  prominent 
Republicans  of  the  State,  joined  in  what  was  called  the  "Liberal 
Republican  "  movement,  and  supported  Horace  Greeley  for  the 
Presidency.  Ex-Governor  Oglesby  again  became  the  standard- 
bearer  of  the  Republicans  for  Governor,  with  Gen.  John  L.  Bev- 
eridge  for  Lieutenant-Governor,  x^t  the  November  election,  the 
Grant   and   Wilson    electors   received    241,944    to     184,938    for 

*Moses'  History  of  Illinois. 


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ILLINOIS —  RHI'UHLICAX    ADMINLSTRATIOXS. 


Ill 


Greeley,  and  3,138  for  O'Couor.  The  plurality  for  Oglesby,  for 
Governor,  was  40,690. 

Governor  Ojrlesby's  second  administration  was  of  brief  dura- 
tion. Within  a  week  after  his  inauguration  he  was  nominated 
by  a  legislative  caucus  of  his  party  for  United  States  Senator  to 
succeed  Judge  Trumbull,  and  was  elected,  receiving  an  aggre- 
gate of  117  votes  in  the  two  Houses  against  78  for  Trumbull,  who 
Avas  supported  by  the  party  whose  candidates  he  had  defeated  at 
three  previous  elections,  Lieutenant-Governor  Beveridge  thus 
became  Governor,  filling  out  the  unexpired  term  of  his  chief.  He 
was  a  native  of  Washington  County,  New  York,  where  he  was 
born  in  1824;  he  emigrated  to  Illinois  in  1842,  settling  in  De 
Kalb  County;  received  an  academic  education  at  Granville 
Acadcmj',  in  Putnam  County,  and  at  Rock  River  Seminary,  at 
Mt.  Morris;  taught  school  and  studied  law  in  Tennessee;  re- 
cruited a  company  for  the  Eighth  Regiment  Illinois  Cavalry 
early  in  the  war,  afterward  being  promoted  to  the  position  of 
Major;  later  organized  the  Seventeenth  Cavalry  and  was  com- 
missioned its  Colonel,  retiring  with  the  rank  of  brevet  Brigadier- 
General;  afterward  served  as  sheriff  of  Cook  County;  was 
elected  to  the  State  Senate ;  thence  promoted  to  the  position  of 
Congressman-at-large,  which  he  resigned  to  assume  the  duties  of 
Lieutenant-Governor.  While  never  resorting  to  the  question- 
able tricks  of  the  mere  politician,  few  men  have  had  a  more 
successful  political  career.  His  administration  was  high-minded, 
clean  and  honorable.  After  his  retirement  fi'om  the  Governor- 
ship, he  was  appointed  Assistant  United  States  Treasurer  at 
Chicago,  serving  four  j'ears. 

The  election  of  1874  resulted  in  the  first  serious  reverse  the 
Republican  party  had  experienced  in  Illinois  since  1862.  Al- 
though Thomas  S.  Ridgway,  the  Republican  candidate  for  State 
Treasurer,  was  elected  by  a  plurality  of  nearly  35,000,  by  a  com- 
bination of  the  opposition,  S.  M.  Etter  (Fusion)  was  at  the  same 
time  elected  State  Superintendent,  while  the  Fusionists  secured 
a  majority  in  each  House  of  the  General  Assembl}'.     After  a 


II 


TlIK    WIIITK   CITY  —  ILLINOIS. 


i    ili 


protracted  contest,  E.  M.  Haines,  who  liacl  been  a  Democrat,  a 
RL-publican,  and  had  been  elected  to  this  Legislature  as  an  "Iii- 
dt  pendent,"  was  elected  Speaker  of  the  I  louse  over  Shelby  M. 
Culloni,  and  A.  A.  Glenn  (Democrat)  was  chosen  President  of 
the  Senate,  thus  becoming  cx-ojficio  Lieutenant-Governor.  The 
session  which  followed — especiall}-  in  the  House — was  one  of  the 
most  turbulent  and  disorderly  in  the  liistor}-  of  the  State,  coniing 
to  a  termination  April  15th,  after  having  enacted  very  few  laws 
of  any  importance. 

Shelby  M.  Cullom  was  the  candidate  of  the  Republican 
party  for  Governor  in  1S76,  with  the  late  Rutherford  B.  Hayes 
heading  the  National  ticket.  The  excite p'  nt  which  attended 
the  campaign,  the  closeness  of  the  vote  bei\,een  the  two  Pres- 
idential candidates — Hayes  and  Tilden — and  the  deterniinaiion 
of  the  result  through  the  medium  of  an  Electoral  Commission, 
are  fresh  in  the  memory  of  the  present  generation.  In  Illinois 
the  Republican  plnralit}^  for  President  was  19,631,  but  owing  to 
the  combination  of  the  Democratic  and  Greenback  vote  on  Lewis 
Steward  for  Governor,  the  majority  for  Cullom  was  reduced  to 
6,798.  The  other  State  officers  elected  were:  Andrew  Shmiian, 
Lieutenant-Governor;  George  H.  Harlow,  Secretary  of  State; 
Thomas  B.  Needles,  Auditor;  Edward  Rutz,  Treasurer,  and 
J.  K.  Edsall,  Attorney-General.  Each  of  these  had  pluralities 
exceeding  20,000,  except  Needles,  who,  having  a  single  compet- 
itor, had  a  smaller  majority  than  Cullom.  The  New  State 
House  was  occupied  for  the  first  time  by  the  State  officers  and 
the  Legislature  chosen  at  this  time.  Although  the  Republicans 
had  a  majority  in  the  House,  the  Independents  held  the  "bal- 
ance of  power"  in  joint  session  of  the  General  Assembly.  Af- 
ter a  stubborn  and  protracted  struggle  in  the  effort  to  cho(ise  a 
United  States  Senator  to  succeed  Senator  John  A.  Logan,  David 
Davis,  of  Bloomington,  was  elected  on  the  fortieth  ballot. 

Davis  was  born  in  Cecil  County,  Maryland,  March  9,  1^15; 
graduated  at  Kenyon  College,  Ohio,  in  1832;  studied  law  in 
Massachusetts  and  removed  to  McLean  County,  Illinois,  in  1385; 


IIJJXOIS — RKI'UnLICAN    ADMINISTRATIONS. 


113 


was  a  member  of  the  Fourteenth  Oeiieral  Assembly  (1.S4;)  ;iii(i 
tilt  Constitutional  Convention  of  1*^47 ;  held  the  office  of  Judj^c 
c{  the  circuit  court  from  1S43  to  iS6t,  beinjj^  elected  three  times. 
He  had  been  a  Whig  and  a  Avarni  pers(mal  friend  of  Lincoln,  by 
whom  he  was  appointed  .Associate  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court 
of  the  United  States  in  1862.  His  election  to  the  vSeuate  by  the 
Democrats  and  Independents  led  to  his  retirement  from  the  vSu- 
prcnie  bench,  thus  preventing  his  appointment  on  the  Electoral 
Coimnission  of  1877 — a  circumstance  which,  in  the  opinion  of 
many,  may  have  had  an  important  bearing  upon  the  decision  of 
tiiat  tribunal.  Tn  the  latter  part  of  his  term  he  served  as  Pres- 
ident/>/v>  tempore  of  the  Senate,  and  more  frequently  acted  with 
the  Republicans  than  with  their  opponents.  He  supported 
Blaine  and  Logan  for  President  and  Vice-President,  in  1884, 
His  death  occurred  at  his  home  at  Bloomington,  June  26,   1886. 

The  extensive  railroad  strike,  in  July,  1877,  caused  wide- 
spread demoralization  of  business,  especially  in  the  railroad  cen- 
tres of  the  State  and  throughout  the  country  generally.  The 
newly  organized  National  Guard  was  called  out  and  rendered 
valnable  .service  in  restoring  order.  Governor  Culhnn's  action  in 
the  premises  was  prompt  and  has  generall}-  been  commended  as 
eminently  wise  and  discreet. 

Four  sets  of  candidates  were  in  the  field  for  the  offices  of 
State  Treasurer  and  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction  in 
1S78 — Republican,  Democratic,  Grf^enback  and  Prohibition.  The 
Republicans  were  successful.  Gen.  John  C  Smith  being  elected 
Treasurer,  and  James  P.  Slade,  Superintendent,  by  pluralities 
averaging  about  35,000.  The  same  part}'  also  elected  eleven  out 
of  nineteen  members  of  Congress  and,  for  the  first  time  in  six 
years,  secured  a  majority  in  each  branch  of  the  General  Assem- 
bly. At  the  .session  of  this  Legislature,  in  January  following, 
John  A.  Logan  was  elected  to  the  United  vStates  Senate  as  suc- 
cessor to  R.  J.  Oglesby,  whose  term  expired  in  March  follow- 
ing. Col.  William  A.  James,  of  Lake  County,  served  as  Speaker 
of  the  House  at  this  session. 


"iBT       liilgMMI 


I     I 


Till",    WIiriM',    I'lTN  — II,I,I\(»IS. 


T\w  politicjil  canipai^Mi  of  iSSo  is  nicniorablc  for  tht;  (K  ur- 
mined  struj^JL^k'  niadc  by  Geiifral  lyojj^au  and  others  to  sccuri.'  lliu 
nomination  of  General  Grant  for  President  for  a  tliird  term. 
The  Republican  State  Convention,  be,ninnin^  at  Sprin}4ti(.l(l, 
May  iqth,  lasted  three  days,  endinj^'  in  instrnctions  in  favor  of 
General  Grant  by  a  vote  of  ;>gg  tt)  2S5.  These  were  nullifird, 
however,  by  the  action  of  the  National  Convention  two  weeks 
later.  Governor  Cullom  was  rencmiinated  for  Governor,  Jt)hn  M. 
Hamilton,  for  Lientenant-Govcrnor ;  Henry  D.  Dement,  for  Sic- 
retary  of  vState;  Charles  P.  vSwijj^ert,  for  Auditor;  lulward  Rutz, 
for  Treasurer,  and  James  McCartney,  for  Attorney-General.  Ivx- 
Senator  Trumbull  headed  the  Democratic  ticket  as  its  candidate 
for  Governor,  with  (icneral  L.  H.  Parsons  for  Lieutenant-Gov- 
ernor. 

The  Republican  National  Convention  met  in  Chicaji^o,  Juiu 
2d.  After  thirty-six  ballots,  in  which  306  dele.ijates  stood  mi 
wavcriui^ly  by  General  Grant,  James  A.  Garfield,  of  Ohio,  was 
nominated  with  Chester  A.  .\rthur,  of  New  York,  for  Vice-Pres- 
ident. Gen.  Winfield  Scott  Hancock  was  the  Democratic  candi- 
date and  Gen.  James  B.  Weaver,  the  Greenback  nominee.  In 
Illinois,  622,156  votes  were  cast,  Garfield  receivinj.^  a  plurality  ot 
40,716.  The  entire  Republican  State  ticket  was  elected  by 
nearl}''  the  same  pluralities,  and  the  Republicans  aj^ain  had  deci- 
sive majorities  in  both  branches  of  the  Le<i^islature. 

No  startlinji;-  events  occurred  during  Go\crnor  CuUom's  sec- 
on<]  term.  The  State  continued  to  increase  in  wealth,  population 
and  prosperit3%  and  the  heavy  debt,  by  which  it  had  been  Imi- 
dened  thirty  years  before,  was  practically  "  wiped  out." 

Gen.  Horace  H.  Thomas,  of  Chicago,  was  Speaker  of  tlic 
House  at  the  session  of  1S81.  At  the  election  of  1SS2,  ('.cu. 
John  C.  Smith,  who  had  been  elected  State  Treasurer  in  1S7S, 
was  re-elected  for  a  second  term,  over  Alfred  Orendorff,  while 
Charles  T.  Strattan,  the  Republican  candidate  for  State  Superin- 
tendent of  Public  Instruction,  was  defeated  by  Henry  Raai). 
The  Republicans  again  had  a  majority  in  each  House  of  the 


Cartkr  H.  Harrisdx. 


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Illinois  po' 


ILLINOIS  —  REPUBLICAN   ADMINISTRATIONS. 


115 


General  Asseniblj',  amounting  to  twelve  on  joint  ballot.     Lorcn 
C.  Collins  was  elected  Speaker  of  the  House. 

In  the  election  of  United  States  Senator,  which  occurred  at 
this  session,  Governor  Culloni  was  chosen  as  the  successor  to 
Diivid  Davis,  Gen.  John  M.  Palmer  receiving  the  Democratic 
vote.  Lieut. -Gov.  John  AI.  Hamilton  thus  became  Governor, 
iiearlv  in  the  middle  of  his  term. 

Like  his  three  immediate  predecessors  in  the  executive 
chair,  Cullom  is  a  native  of  Kentucky,  born  at  Monticello, 
Wayne  County,  in  that  State,  November  22,  i<S29.  His  father, 
Richard  N.  Cullom,  came  to  Illinois  in  1831,  settling  in  Taze- 
well County,  and  served  several  terms  in  the  Legislature.  The 
son  spent  his  boyhood  on  the  farm,  after  which  he  received  two 
years  of  training  in  Rock  River  Seminary  at  Mt.  Morris,  mean- 
while devoting  some  time  to  teaching;  in  1853  he  entered  the  law 
office  of  Stuart  and  Edwards  at  Springfield  as  a  student;  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  bar  in  1855,  and  soon  after  elected  City  Attorney ; 
was  elected  to  the  House  of  Representatives  from  Sanga-noi: 
County  in  1856,  and  again  in  i860,  when  he  was  chosen  -peaker 
of  the  House ;  was  appointed  by  President  Lincoln,  i-  •  .  •. 
commission,  in  conjuncticm  with  Geo.  S.  Boutwell,  .  "•  -:•;  ' 
setts,  and  Charles  A.  Dana,  of  New  York,  to  look  i  ^eitain 
claims  at  Cairo,  growing  out  of  the  war.  In  1864  he  received 
liis  first  nomination  for  Congress  and  was  elected ;  being  re- 
elected in  1866  and  again  1868.  In  1872  he  was  again  elected 
Representative,  serving  in  the  famous  Twenty-ninth  General 
Assembly,  which  was  the  last  official  position  held  by  him 
until  his  election  as  Governor  in  1876,  followed  by  his  re- 
election in  1880.  In  1889  he  was  re-elected  his  own  succesor  in 
the  I'nited  States  Senate,  over  John  M.  Palmer,  and  is  now  serv- 
ing his  second  term.  He  is  recognized  as  an  astute  and  saga- 
cious politician,  and  has  seldom  been  defeated  when  a  candidate 
for  office. 

John  M.  Hamilton  belongs  to  the  younger  generation  of 
Illinois  politicians,  having  been  born  in  Union  County,  Ohio, 


"°>'Miai£8mimiiSti3ltlg 


scss 


ii6 


TIIK   WIIITK   CITY  —  ILIJXKXS. 


May  28,  1847.  His  father  came  to  Marshall  County,  Illinois,  in 
1854,  and  at  the  age  of  seventeen  young  Hamilton  enlisted  in  the 
141st  Illinois  Volunteers.  He  was  graduated  at  the  Ohio  \\ Cs- 
leyan  University  in  1868,  and  engaged  in  teaching  at  Henry. 
Illinois,  but  was  soon  appointed  a  professor  of  languages  in  the 
Illinois  Weslej-an  University  at  Bloomington.  He  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  1870;  elected  to  the  State  Senate  from  McL«^an 
County  in  1876,  and  in  1880  was  nominated  and  elected  Lieuten- 
ant-Governor, becoming  Governor  two  years  later. 

The  "Harper  High  I/icense  Law,"  e^  acted  by  the  Thirty- 
third  General  Assembly  (1883),  has  become  one  of  the  perma- 
nent features  of  the  Illinois  statutes  for  the  control  of  the  liciuor 
traffic,  and  has  been  more  or  less  closely  copied  in  other  States". 

In  1884,  Gen.  R.  J.  Oglesby  again  became  the  choice  of  the 
Republican  party  for  Governor,  receiving  at  Ptoria  the  conspic- 
uous compliment  of  a  nomination  for  a  third  term,  by  acclama- 
tion.    Carter  H.  Harrison  was  the  candidate  ot  the  Democrats. 

The  Republican  National  Convention  was  again  held  in 
Chicago,  meeting  June  3,  1884;  Gen.  John  A.  Logan  was  the 
choice  of  the  Illinois  Republicans  for  President,  and  was  pnt 
in  nomination  in  the  Convention  by  Senator  Cullom.  The 
choice  of  the  Convention,  however,  fell  upon  James  G.  Blaine  on 
the  fourth  ballot,  his  leading  competitor  being  President  Arthur. 
Logan  was  then  nom'nated  for  \'ice-President  by  acclamation. 

At  the  election  in  November  the  Republican  party  met  its 
first  reverse  on  the  National  battlefield  since  1856,  Grover  Cleve- 
land and  Thomas  A.  Hendricks,  the  Democratic  candidates,  be- 
ing elected  President  and  Vice-President  by  the  narrow  margin 
of  less  than  1,200  votes  in  the  State  of  New  York.  The  result 
was  in  doubt  for  several  days,  and  the  excitement  throughont  the 
country  was  scarcely  less  than  it  had  been  in  the  close  elcLtioii 
of  1876.  The  Greenback  and  Prohibition  parties  both  had  tick- 
ets in  Illinois,  polling  a  total  of  nearly  23,000  votes.     The  plu- 


*r()r  ail  extfiidiMl  history  of  temperance  legislation  in  tlie  .State,  .see  "  Moses'  History 
of  Illinois,"  pp.  .S82-.S92. 


ILLINOIS — RKrri'.LICAN    ADMIXISTKATIUXS. 


117 


rality  in  the  State  for  Blaine  was  25,118.  The  Repul)lican  State 
officers  elected  were  R.  J.  Oglesby,  Governor;  John  C.  Smith, 
Lieutenant-Governor;  Henry  D.  Dement,  Secretary  of  State; 
Charles  P.  Swigert,  Anditor;  Frederick  Becker,  State  Treasnrer; 
and  George  Hnnt,  Attorney-General — receiving  plnralities  rang- 
ing from  14,000  to  25,000. 

An  incident  of  this  election  was  the  frandulent  attempt  to 
seat  Rndolph  Brand  (Democrat)  as  Senator  in  place  of  Henry 
\V.  Lenian,  in  the  Sixth  Senatorial  District  of  Cook  Connty. 
The  fraud  was  exposed  and  Joseph  C.  Mackin,  one  of  its  alleged 
perpetrators,  was  sentenced  to  the  penitentiary  for  four  j'ears  for 
perjury  growing  out  of  the  investigation.  A  motive  for  this  at- 
tempted fraud  was  found  in  the  close  vote  in  the  Legislature  for 
United  States  Senator — Senator  Logan  being  a  candidate  for  re- 
election, while  the  Legislature  stood  102  Republicans  to  lOO 
Democrats  and  two  Greenbackers  on  joint  ballot,  A  tedious 
contest  on  the  election  of  Speaker  of  the  House  finally  resulted 
in  the  success  of  E.  AI.  Haines.  Pending  the  struggle  over  the 
Scnatorship,  two  seats  in  the  House  and  one  in  the  Senate  were 
rendered  vacant  by  death — the  deceased  Senator  and  one  of  the 
Representatives  being  Democrats,  and  the  other  Representative 
a  Republican.  The  special  election  for  Senator  resulted  in  fill- 
ing the  vacancy  with  a  new  member  of  the  same  political  faith 
as  his  predecessor;  but  both  vacancies  in  the  House  were  filled 
by  Republicans.  This  gave  the  Republicans  a  majority  in  each 
House  and  the  re-election  of  Logan  followed,  though  not  until 
two  months  had  been  consumed  in  the  contest  •'. 

Logan  was  one  of  the  few  men  prominent  in  State  politics 
who  was  a  native  of  Illinois,  having  been  born  at  MurpliN'sboro, 
February  9,  1826.     At  the  age  of  twenty-one  he  enlisted  in  the 


'The  result  was  brou'jlit  .ilKuit  by  the  election  of  Cajit.  \\  illiaiii  H.  Weaver, 
Representative  from  tlie  Thirty-foiirtli  District  (composed  of  iSIason,  Menard,  Cass  and 
Silunler  Counties)  over  the  DeiiKicralic  candidate,  to  fill  the  vacancy  caused  by  the  death 
of  Re])resentative  J.  Henrv  Shaw,  iJiinocrat.  Tiiis  was  accomplished  by  what  is  called  a 
"siillliunl"  on  the  part  of  the  Republicans,  in  which  the  Democrats  were  taken  by  sur- 
prise. It  furnished  the  sensation  not  only  of  the  session,  l)ut  of  special  elections  gener- 
ally, especially  as  every  county  in  the  District  was  strongly  Democratic. 


ii8 


Till';   WHITE   ClTY--ir,MXOIS. 


Mexican  war  as  a  member  of  the  Fifth  regiment,  Illinois  X'ohui 
teers,  becoming  second  lientcnant  of  his  compan}-.  RetnniiiiL; 
home  he  began  the  stnd}'  of  law  with  his  uncle,  ex-Lieut.-Gov. 
Alex.  M.  Jenkins;  was  elected  Connty  Clerk;  served  in  tlie 
lyCgislature  two  terms  (the  i8th  and  20th), and  was  then  elected 
to  the  Thirty-sixth  and  Thirt3'-seventli  Congresses  from  the 
Southern  District  of  the  State.  Previous  to  the  war  he  was  a 
zealous  Democrat,  but  having  entered  into  the  struggle  for  the 
preservation  of  the  Union  he  was  ever  after  as  earnest  a  Repuh- 
lican.  He  entered  the  field  as  Colonel  of  the  Thirt3--first  Illi- 
nois, was  severel}'  wounded  at  Fort  Donelson,  and  rapidly  pro- 
moted, retiring  at  the  clo.se  of  the  war  with  the  rank  of  Major- 
General.  He  was  three  times  elected  Congressman  from  the 
State-at-large,  and  before  the  close  of  his  last  term  was  elected  to 
the  United  States  Senate  as  successor  to  Richard  Yates;  was 
again  elected  to  the  Senate  in  1879  as  successor  to  Oglesby,  and 
was  re-elected  his  own  successor  in  1S85,  also  being  the  Repub- 
lican candidate  for  \'ice-President  in  1884.  He  died  in  office,  De- 
cember 26,  1886.  He  was  as  brilliant  and  aggressive  a  political 
leader  as  he  had  been  a  soldier  in  the  field. 

Gov.  R.  J.  Oglesby  was  a  native  of  Kentucky,  being  Ijorn 
in  Oldham  County,  July  25,  1824.  ^^  came  to  Illinois  in  1S36 
and  in  his  boyhood  pursued  the  carpenter's  trade,  but  afterward 
studied  law  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  Moultrie  County.  He 
was  a  soldier  in  the  Mexican  War,  serving  as  First  Lieutenant 
in  Company  C,  of  Col.  E.  D.  Baker's  regiment;  was  a  candidate 
for  Presidential  Kleclor  on  tlic  Whig  ticket  in  1852,  and  an  nn- 
successful  candidate  for  Congress,  from  the  Decatur  District,  in 
1858.  In  i860  he  was  elected  to  the  State  vSenate,  and  was  one  of 
the  first  to  enlist  in  the  Union  army  in  1861,  being  commissioned 
Colonel  of  the  Eighth  Regiment,  Illinois  X'oluiiteers,  for  both  t^'e 
three  months'  and  the  three  years'  service.  At  the  battle  of  C  >.. 
inth  he  was  shot  through  the  left  lung  and  was  suppoj-"  to  be 
fatally  wornded:  became  a  Major-General  in  November,  1861. 
but   resigned  in   1864   on   account  of  physical    disability.     Hi.s 


''i 


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16 1. 


I 


.*■■.: 


C)o\.  John-  P.  Altgkld. 


-  A.  LIJW 


electior 

States  ^ 

term  as 

man  in 

for  a  til 

larity. 

ai^ricult 

incut  of 

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term,  \v< 

in  ]\Ia}', 

April,  I. 

in  Nove; 

ont  and 

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urev  and 

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County  ( 

Board  of 

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Committe 

The 

less  bitte 

Joseph   \) 

Palmer  w 


IL,UNOIS —  Rp;PUBLICAN'    ADMINISTRATIONS. 


119 


election  to  the  Governorship  in  the  latter  year,  and  to  the  United 
States  Senate  in  1873,  jnst  as  he  was  entering  npon  his  second 
term  as  Governor,  have  already  been  referred  to.  He  is  the  only 
mail  in  the  history  of  the  State  who  has  been  elected  Governor 
for  a  third  term — a  fact  which  illnstrates  his  great  personal  popn- 
larity.  He  is  now  spending  the  evening  of  his  days  engaged  in 
agricnltnral  pnrsnits  near  Elkhart,  Logan  Connty,  in  the  enjo}'- 
iiiciit  of  well-earned  comfort  and  the  respect  of  his  fellow-citizens 
of  all  parties. 

The  only  distnrbing  event  dnring  Governor  Oglesby's  third 
term,  were  strikes  among  the  quarrymen  at  Joliet  and  Lemont. 
in  May,  1885  ;  by  the  railroad  switchmen  at  East  St.  Louis,  in 
April,  18S6,  and  among  the  employes  at  the  Union  Stocl-  Arirds, 
in  November  of  the  same  year.  In  each  case  troops  weie  called 
ont  and  order  finally  restored,  but  not  until  several  persons  had 
been  killed  in  the  two  former,  and  both  strikers  and  employers 
had  lost  heavily  in  the  interruption  of  business. 

At  the  election  of  1886,  John  R.  Tanner  and  Dr.  Richard 
Edwards  (Republicans)  were  respectively  elected  State  Treas- 
urer and  State  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction,  by  34,816 
plurality  for  the  former  and  29,928  for  the  latter 

In  the  Thirty-fiftI  General  Assmbly,  which  met  January, 
1887,  the  Republicans  had  a  majority  in  each  House,  and  Charles 
B.  F'arwell  was  elected  to  the  United  States  Senate  in  place  of 
Gen.  John  A.  Logan,  deceased.  Farwell  had  served  two  terms  as 
County  Clerk  of  Cook  County,  one  term  as  member  of  the  State 
Board  of  Equalization,  and  three  terms  in  Congress,  but  was 
most  widely  known  as  a  successful  merchant  of  the  firm  of  John 
\'.  Farwell  &  Co.  For  a  number  of  years  he  served  his  party 
very  efficiently  as  Chairman  of  the  Republican  State  Central 
Ciimmittee. 

The  political  campaign  of  t8S8  was  a  spirfnd  one,  thouj^li 
less  bitter  than  the  one  of  four  3'ears  previous.  Ex-Senator 
j:,s,  ],  W.  Fifer,  of  McLean  •County,  and  Ex-Gov.  John  M. 
Palmer  were  pitted  against  each   other  as  opposing   candidates 


I20 


THK   WHITH   CITV  —  IM,IN(JIS. 


for  Governor.  Prohibition  and  Labor  tickets  were  also  in  the 
field.  The  Republican  National  Convention  was  again  held  in 
Chicago,  Jnnc  20-25,  resnlting  in  the  nomination  of  Benjamin 
Harrison  for  President,  on  the  eighth  ballot.  The  delegates  fntni 
Illinois,  with  two  or  three  exceptions,  voted  steadily  for  JnUi^e 
Walter  Q.  Greshani.  Grover  Cleveland  headed  the  Democratic 
ticket  as  a  candidate  for  re-election.  At  the  November  election, 
747,683  vofes  were  cast  in  Illinois,  giving  the  Republican  elec- 
tors a  plurality  of  22,104.  Fifer's  plurality  over  Palmer  was 
12,547,  ^"^^  ^^^^^  '^^  t^'i^  remainder  of  the  Republican  State  ticket, 
still  larger.  Those  elected  were  L.  B.  Ray,  Lieutenant-Governor; 
Isaac  N.  Pearson,  Secretary  of  vState;  Gen.  Charles  W.  Pavey, 
.Auditor;  Charles  Becker,  Treasurer,  and  (ieorge  Hunt,  Attor- 
ney-General. The  Republicans  sectircd  twenty-six  majority  on 
joint  ballot  in  the  Legislature — the  largest  since  1881.  Anionj^ 
the  acts  of  the  Legislature  of  18S9  were  the  re-election  of  Sena- 
tor Culloni  to  tlie  United  States  Senate,  practically  without  a 
contest;  th.e  revision  of  the  compulsory  education  law,  and  the 
enactment  of  the  Chicago  drainage  law.  .At  a  special  session 
held  in  1890,  the  preliminary  legislation  bearing  upon  the  hold- 
ing of  the  World's  Columbian  H-vposition  of  1893  in  the  cit}-  of 
Chicago,  was  luid. 

The  campaign  of  1890  resulted  in  a  defeat  for  the  Repub- 
licans on  both  the  »State  and  legislative  tickets.  Kdward  S.  W  il- 
son  was  elected  Treasurer  by  a  plurality  of  9,847  and  Prof. 
Henry  Raab,  who  had  been  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction 
between  1883  and  1887,  was  elected  for  a  second  term  by  34,042. 
Though  lacking  two  of  an  absolute  majority  on  joint  ballot  in  tlie 
Legislature,  the  Democrats  were  able,  with  the  aid  of  two  iiuni- 
bers  belonging  to  the  Farmer's  Alliance,  after  a  prolonged  and 
exciting  contest,  to  elect  Ex-Gov.  John  M.  Palmer,  United  States 
Senator  as  succes-sor  to  C.  B.  Farwell. 

Senator  Palmer  has  been  conspicuous  in  Illinois  historv  fur 
nearly  fifty  years.  Born  in  Kentaicky  in  181 7,  he  came  to  Illi- 
nois in  183 1,  spent  .some  time  in  Shnrtleff  College  at  Upper  Alton; 


ILLINOIS — RKITIU.ICAX    ADMINISTRATIONS. 


121 


tluii  hccanic  a  teacher,  and,  after  stiulyinjj^  liiw,  was  admitted  to 
the  liar  in  1S39.  Tlie  first  offiee  lie  lield  was  that  of  Proliate 
|n(l,!L;e  of  Macoupin  County;  he  lu-xt  ser\cd  in  the  Constitu- 
tional Convention  of  1S47;  was  elected,  as  a  Democrat,  to  the 
State  vSenate  in  1S52  to  fill  a  vacancy,  and  re-elected  in  1S54 — 
about  the  latter  period  takiujr  a  position  against  the  Kansas- 
Nebraska  Act.  This  brought  him  in  relation  with  the  newly 
organizing  Republican  party,  and  he  was  cho.sen  to  preside  over 
its  first  State  Convention,  held  at  Bloomington,  in  May,  1S56. 
In  1S58  he  was  defeated  as  a  candidate  for  Congress  in  the 
Springfield  District,  by  John  A.  McClernand;  was  a  Republican 
ik'ctor  in  1868;  served  as  a  member  of  the  Washington  Peace 
Conference  of  1861;  was  soon  after  commissioned  Colonel  of  the 
Fourteenth  Regiment  Illinois  Volunteers,  proving  himself  a 
brave  soldier  at  Stone's  River,  Chicamauga  and  other  battle- 
tields,  and  being  rapidly  promoted  to  the  rank  of  Major-General. 
On  account  of  a  difference  with  General  Sherman  on  a  question 
of  precedence  in  rank  he  :,sked  to  be  relieved  of  his  command 
before  Atlanta,  in  1864  ;  was  appointed  by  tlie  President,  in  the 
last  year  of  the  war,  to  the  command  of  the  military  district  of 
Kentnck}',  but  tlnall}-  resigned  September  i,  1S66.  In  1S68  he 
was  nominated  and  elected  by  the  Republicans,  Governor  of 
Illinois.  Near  the  close  of  his  term  he  joined  in  the  "  Liberal 
Republican"  moveme'it  of  1872,  finally  identif\'ing himself  with 
thr  Democratic  party.  Besides  making  an  unsuccessful  race  for 
Governor  in  1888,  lie  has  repeatedly  received  the  support  of  hi.'-- 
parly  for  United  States  Senator,  though  his  present  place  in  the 
vSenate  is  the  first  official  position  he  has  held  since  retiring  from 
tlic  riovernorship. 

Governor  Fifer's,  the  last  in  a  long  succession  of  Republi- 
can administrations,  closed  with  the  industrial  and  financial  in- 
terests of  the  State  in  a  prosperous  condition,  the  State  out  of 
debt  and  .\ith  an  ample  surplus  in  its  treasury.  Fifer  was  born 
of  German  parentage  at  Stanton,  Virginia,  October  28,  1840,  and 
canu'  to  McLean  County,  Illinois,  in    1857.      Here  he  pursued 


122 


riii';  wiirn-;  cii'v  —  n.i  ixois. 


s;i 


the  ()Cfi:p;;li()ii   of  liis  fiitlK-r,   which   was    tliat    of  a    f  .riiicr  iiid 
brickhiycr.     At  the-  brcakiu}^   out  of  the-    war,   having'-    not    \h, 
reached  his  majority,  he  enlisted  as  a  private  in   Coini)any  C  n 
the  Thirty-third   Illinois  X'olunteers,   known    as  the  Normal  or 
"School  Teachers'  Rejj^iment."     In  the  assault  at  Jackson,  Miss- 
issipjii,  in    iS(:)3,  a  minie-ball   passed  entirely-  thront,di  his  body 
inflictin.u  a  wound  at  first  considered  mortal.     After  a  loniL^-  ton- 
valescence  he  returned  to  his  rejjjiment,  reudcrin_i(   faithful  ser- 
vice to  the  end  of  the  period   of  his  enlistment;  he  still  suffers, 
liowever,  from  the  effect  of  his  wound.     After  liis  discharjj^e  frnni 
the  army  he  entered  the  W'eslcyan  l^niversity  at  Bloomin.^toii, 
jjiraduatint^-  in  the  class  of  186S,  and  a  year  later  was  admitted  to 
the  bar.     Ha\in,i^  served  successively  iu  the  offices  of  corporaiimi 
counsel  of  the  city  of  Bloomington  and  of  State's  Attorney  for  Mc- 
TvCan  County,  he  was  elected  to  the  State  »Senate,  serving  in  lliu 
Thirty-second  and  Thirty-third  General   Assemblies.      Here  lie 
established  a  reputation  as  a  speaker  and  le^^islator,  as  he  had 
already  done  as  a  prosecutor  in   the   office  of  vState's    Attorney, 
laying  the  foundation  of  that  popularity  which  secured  for  him 
active  friends  throughout  the  State  and  resulted  in  his  election  r^ 
Governor  in  1888.     He  was  nominated  for  re-election,  with  must 
of  the  other  State  officers  in  1892,  but  in  the  general    revulsion 
which  swept  over  the  country,  was  defeated.     Governor  Fifer  \va^ 
the  first  private  soldier  of  the  late  war  to  be  elevated  to  the  exec 
utive  chair,  but  will  probably  not  be   the    last.     Since    retiriiij,; 
from  office   he    has  resumed  the   practice    of  his    profession   at 
Bloomington. 

The  only  new  names  on  the  Republican  State  ticket  of  189.' 
were  those  of  Henr}-  L.  Hertz  for  Treasurer,  and  George  \V. 
Prince,  of  Galesburg,  for  Attorney-General — the  latter  in  plocc 
of  George  Hunt, who  had  acquitted  himself  with  distingui.'^hed 
ability  through  two  terms. 

The  Democratic  National  Convention  of  1892  was  held  at 
Chicago,  June  21-24,  and  that  of  the  Republicans  at  Minneap- 
olis; the    former  placing  in  nomination  Grover    Cleveland  (or 


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ILLINOIS — RKPUBI.ICAX    ADMINISTRATIONS. 


123 


the  Presidency  for  a  third  time,  with  Adlai  E.  Stevenson,  of  Illi- 
nois, for  Vice-President ;  the  latter  renominating  President  Har- 
rison, with  Whitclaw  Reed,  of  New  York,  for  the  .second  place. 
Tlie  Democratic  vState  ticket  bore  the  names  of  John  P.  Altgeld, 
of  Cook  Connty,  for  Governor;  J.  B.  Gill,  of  Jackson,  for  Lieu- 
tenant-Governor; William  H.  Hinrichsen,  of  Morgan,  for  Secre- 
tary of  State;  David  Gore,  of  Alaconpin,  for  Anditor;  Rnfus  N. 
Ramsay,  of  Clinton,  for  Treasurer,  and  Maurice  T.  Moloney  of 
La  vSalle,  for  Attorney-General ;  it  was  elected  by  pluralities 
ringing  from  19,537  to  '';,,^^o9.  The  plurality  for  the  Cleveland 
electors  was  26,9^3,  and  that  for  Altgeld  for  Governor  was  22,- 
80S.  The  Prohibitionist  and  Populist  parties  cast  a  combined 
vote  in  the  State  of  over  47,000.  Of  the  twent3--two  Represent- 
atives in  Congress  from  the  State,  eleven  are  Republicans  and 
eleven  Democrats,  including  among  the  latter,  two  Congressmen 
from  the  State-at-large.  The  Thirty -eighth  General  Assembly 
stands  twenty-nine  Democrats  to  twent3--two  Republicans  in  the 
Senate,  and  seventy-eight  Democrats  to  seventj^-five  Republicans 
in  the  House. 

Governor  Altgeld,  though  new  in  State  politics,  is  not  with- 
out positive  opinions,  and  has  enjoyed  considerable  local  noto- 
riet}'.  He  is  the  first  foreign-born  citizen  who  has  ever  been 
elected  Governor  of  Illinois.  Born  in  Prussia  about  1S48,  he 
Ccinie  to  America  in  boyhood,  his  father  .settling  in  the  vicinitj'  of 
Mansfield,  Ohio,  where  he  received  such  education  as  the  com- 
mon schools  afforded.  Early  in  1S64  he  enlisted  as  a  substitute 
in  an  Ohio  regiment  and  saw  some  service  in  the  operations 
against  Richmond.  After  the  war  he  spent  some  time  in  a 
select  .school  at  Lexington,  Ohio,  still  later  dividing  his  time  be- 
tween teaching,  study  and  farm  work.  About  1869  he  went  to 
Alissouri,  finally  reaching  Savannah  in  that  State,  where  he  en- 
gaged in  reading  law  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  the  next  3'ear. 
In  1874  he  was  elected  to  his  first  office — that  of  pro.secuting  at- 
torney of  Andrew  County,  Missouri — but  resigned  in  the  middle 
of  his  term,  removing  to  Chicago  in  the  fall  of  1875.    In  1884  he 


124 


THI',    WHITI''.    CITY  —  ILLIXOIS. 


was  a  candidate  for  Congress  on  llie  Democratic  ticket  in  the 
Third  District,  ])nt  was  defeated  b}-  the  Hon.  George  E.  Adams. 
In  I1SS5  lie  was  regarded  as  a  possible  candidate  for  United  vStatcs 
Senator,  bnt  in  the  following  j-car  was  elected  a  Jndge  of  the 
Snperior  Coiirt.  Besides  attending  to  his  duties  as  a  Jndge,  he 
has  been  a  somewhat  prolific  writer,  especiall}'  on  economic  and 
punitive  or  reformatory  policies.  He  also  engaged  in  real  estate 
transactions  in  which  he  was  very  fortunate,  accumulating  a 
large  fortune  in  the  course  of  ten  or  twelve  years.  This  induced 
him  to  resign  his  position  on  the  bench  and  to  look  higher, 
aspiring  to  the  United  States  Senatorship  i?i  1891,  and  finall\-  to 
the  Governor  , hip  two  years  later. 


Board  of  Tradi.,  Chicaio 


BB 


THRKI 
MI- 


lllillDi 


CHAPTRR  XII. 


THE  HriLDINCx  OF  A  vSTATK. 


THRKK-QUARTKRS   Ol-"   A    CP:nTURY    UNDER   Till-;    .STATE    GO\'ERN- 

MENT  —  COMMON    vSCHOOLS    AND    STATE    INSTITUTIONS  — 

EARI-V    NEWSPAPERS — INDUSTRIES  —  AGRICUETURE 

—  ILLINOIS  COAL  PRODUCTION  —  ILLINOIS  AND 

MICHIGAN    CANAL  —  RAILROADS — 

MANUFACTURES,    E;TC. 

EFORE  the  close  of  the  year  1893,  Illinois  will 
have  completed  the  third  quarter  ceiitur}''  of  its 
existence  as  a  State.  With  a  history  running 
back  two  hundred  years,  to  the  time  when  Joliet 
and  La  Salle,  with  their  little  bands  of  Canadian 
7'oyagcitrs,  first  entered  its  wilds,  and  Marquette, 
Allouez  and  Gravier  founded  their  missions 
among  the  Indian  tribes  on  the  Upper  Illinois,  the 
area  of  its  greatest  development  is  comprised  within 
these  seventy-five  years  of  State  history.  The  preceding  huti- 
dred  and  twenty-five  years  coiistitu^^ed  a  period  of  exploration 
and  investigation  with  imperfect  and  inadequate  agencies,  in 
which  the  transition  from  savagery  to  civilization  was  sometimes 
so  slow  and  gradual  that  it  was  often  doubtful  whether  there  was 
real  progress,  and  when  the  elements  of  both  were  so  intermin- 
gled that  it  was  hard  to  find  the  dividing  line  where  heathen 
barbarism  ended  and  Christian  enlightment  began.  And  yet, 
as  in  all  new  countries,  there  has  been  no  period  so  full  of  stir- 
ring incidents  and  of  romantic,  even  tragic  interest,  as  that  in 


llliiioiN 


VS> 


^mmmmm^ 


126 


Till';   WHITH   CITY 


II.MNOIS. 


which  the  "Couiitiy  of  the  Illinois"  was  being  won  from  its 
aboriginal  proprietors  and  prepared  to  become  the  home  of  Mk' 
four  millions  of  people  who  occipy  its  soil  to-du}'. 

It  will   be   the  object  of  this  chapter  to  note   some    of  the 
changes  which  have  been  wronght  npon  the  conntry  in  the  pe- 
riod named,  and  to  point  ont   some   of  the    agencies   by    which 
these  rcsnlts   have    been    achieved.      In  the   first  place,  Illinois 
ewes  its  Avonderfnl  development,  for  the  first  fifty  3'ears  after  its 
organization   as   a  Territory,  to   the   remarkable    foresight    and 
sagacity  of  the  anthors  of  the   Ordinance  of  1787.     This  pro- 
tected it  from  the  blight  of  hnman  slavery,  which  then   spread 
over  half  the  Repnblic  and  threatened  every  new  Territory.     It 
also  laid  the  fonndation  of  that  liberal  system  of  free  school  edu- 
cation which  had  bnt  just  begun  to  obtain  a  foothold  in  the  most 
progressive  States,  but  which  has  since  become  the  heritage  and 
pride   of  the  Northwest.     The  act  of  the  authors  of  the  Ordi- 
nance of  1787  in  declaring  in  favor  of  the   encouragement  of 
"schools  and  the  means  of  education,"  on  the  ground  that  "re- 
ligion, morality  and  knowledge"  are  "necessary  to  good  govern- 
ment," was  supplemented  by  Judge  Nathaniel  Pope,   then  Dele- 
gate from  the  Territory  of  Illinois,  in  securing  the  introduction, 
for  the  first  time  in  the  enabling  act  of  1818,   of  a   provision 
setting  apart  the  sixteenth  section  of  each  township  and  three- 
fifths  of  the  five  per  cent,  fund  accruing  to  the  State  from  the 
sale  of  public  lands  within  its  borders,  to  the  cause  of  education. 
It  is  a  curious  fact  that,  during  the  first  year  after  the  settlement 
of  the  question  that  Illinois  was  still  to  maintain  its  stand  as  a 
free  State,  by  the  refusal  of  the  people,  in   1S24,  to  call  a  State 
Convention  for  the  purpose  of  making  a  pro-slaver}'  Constitution, 
the  first  law  (that  of  1825)  looking  to  a  system  of  free  schools 
v/as   enacted  by  the  Legislature.     Although  little  was  accom- 
plished under  this  act,  owing  to  the  poverty  of  the  people  and 
the  inability  to  dispose  of  the  school  lands  to  advantage,  it  in- 
dicated the  drift  of  public  sentiment  which  has   since  broui^ht 
about  positive  results. 


ILLINOIS — lilll.DIXO   A    STATE. 


127 


Intimately  connected  with  the  free-school  system — in  fact, 
leadinjj^  and  directinjj:  the  pnblic  sentiment  which  snccessfnlly 
demanded  its  establishment — was  the  news])ai)er  jm-css.  The 
first  newspaper  published  in  the  State  was  the  Illinois  Herald — 
chauijed  in  18 17  to  the  flliuois  /ntrliiirciicer;  it  was  established 
at  Kaskaskia  by  Capt.  Matthew  Duncan,  a  brother  of  Joseph 
Duncan,  afterwards  a  member  of  Cc^ngress  and  Governor  of  the 
State,  The  date  of  the  establishment  of  the  Herald  has  been 
claimed  as  earl}'  as  1809,  the  year  of  the  organization  of  the 
Territorial  Government,  though  there  is  no  positive  evidence  of 
its  publication  before  1814.  The  Illinois  fimiirraut  was  pub- 
lished, at  Shawneetown,  in  1818,  its  editor,  Henry  Eddy,  being  a 
lawyer  of  recognized  ability  and  State  reputation.  Its  name 
was  changed  in  1824  to  the  ////;/ w>  Gazette.  The  Edwardsville 
Spectator,  the  third  paper  published  in  the  State,  was  started 
by  Hooper  Warren  in  1S19.  The  Star  of  tlie  West,  established 
at  the  same  place  in  1822,  became  the  Illinois  Republican  in  1823. 
The  Republican  Advocate  took  the  place  of  the  Intclliirencer, 
which  had  been  removed  from  Kaskaskia  to  Vandalia  in  1823, 
R.  K.  Fleming,  the  head  of  a  family  long  connected  with  the 
press  at  Belleville  and  elsewhere  in  the  southern  part  of  the 
State,  being  the  publisher.  These  five  papers  were  published  in 
1824  ^^id  took  a  more  or  less  active  part  in  the  discussion  of  the  pro- 
posed new  Constitution  for  the  estaMishmentof  slavery — the ////- 
nois  Republican%^nA\.\\Q  R'publican  Adi'ocatc  favoring  the  measure; 
the  Spectator  and  finall}-  the  hitellijrcncer  opposing  it,  and  the 
Shawneetown  Gazette  publishing  articles  on  both  sides,  though 
its  influence  was  rather  opposed  to  the  proposition.  Other  earh' 
papers,  though  of  a  somewhat  later  date  than  these,  were  the 
Saugamo  Spectator,  established  at  Springfield  in  1826  b}'  Hooper 
Warren;  the  Miners'  Journal^  at  Galena,  by  James  Jones,  in 
1828;  t\\Q  Illinois  Corrector,  sX  Edwardsville,  also  in  1828;  the 
Galena  Advertiser,  published  by  Newhall,  Philleo  &  Co.,.  at 
Galena  in  1829 — the  "Co."  being  Hooper  Warren,  who  had  been 
connected  with  papers  at  Edwardsville  and  Springfield ;  the  Al- 


128 


TIIK    WHITl'    CITV  —  ILLINOIS. 


It 


Ion  S per  I  (I  toy,  started  by  Edward  Breath  in  1S30;  the  Sangamo 
/onrtial  {wuw  Stale Jonnial)  founded  in  1S31  by  Simeon  Framis, 
who  continued  to  conduct  it  uutil  i<S55,  and  the  oldest  paper  of 
continuous  publication  in  the  vStatc;  the  Alton  '/V/r^rap/i,  est;il)- 
lished  a  year  later;  and  the  Chica^'^o  Dcviocriit,  the  first  pajXT 
ever  published  in  Chicajj^o,  founded  by  John  Calhoun  in  1S33, 
continued  by  John  Wentworth  for  twenty-five  years  and  mcrjj^cd 
into  the  Chicajj^o  7n7)iiiir  in  1S61.  The  first  daily  paper  piil> 
lished  in  Chicago  or  the  vStatt,  was  the  C'/iiaii^o  AnirrKaii,  estab- 
lished in  1S39. 

Such  were  the  beginnings  of  the  newspaper  press  of  Illi- 
nois and  its  growth  during  the  first  quarter  century  of  the  exis- 
tence of  the  Territorial  and  State  Governments.  How  it  lias  ex- 
panded and  grown  since  that  time  is  indicated  by  the  fact  that 
the  whole  number  of  periodical  publications  in  the  State  of  all 
sorts,  in  1892,  was  1,572,  published  in  536  cities,  towns  and  vil- 
lages. Of  these  136  were  issiie(jl  daily  ;  1,150  weekly;  36  seiiii- 
monthly;  209  monthly,  and  14  quarterly. 

l^ndoubtedly  the  first  schools  established  in  the  "Country  of 
the  Illinois"  were  those  founded  b}-  tlie  early  priests  and  mis- 
sionaries for  the  purpose  of  giving  instruction  to  the  children  of 
the  pioneers,  and  such  of  the  natives  as  would  accept  it,  in  the 
rudiments  of  a  secular  education  and  in  the  tenets  of  the  church. 
For  a  hundred  years — up  to  and  after  the  capture  of  Kaskaskia 
and  the  neighboring  settlements  by  Col.  George  Rogers  Clark, 
in  177H — French  was  the  only  language  used  in  the  country  be- 
sides the  dialects  of  the  various  tribes  of  Indians.  Ca])t.  Philip 
Pittman,  m-Iio  visited  Kaskaskia  between  1766  and  1770,  in  lli^' 
report  on  the  "  European  vSettlements  on  the  Mississippi,"  makes 
mention  of  the  "Jesuits'  house"  at  Kaskaskia,  which  has  been 
called  by  others  "the  Jesuit  College,"  supposed  to  have  been 
used  as  a  fort  at  the  time  of  the  capture  by  Clark.  This  was  no 
doubt  used  as  a  school  for  both  whites  and  Indians,  as  well  as  a 
home  by  the  priests,  and  a  place  of  instruction  for  the  acolytes 
and  candidates  for  the  priesthood.    The  first  English  school  was 


IS- 


luit 
all 


V  ot 


of 
the 


mil 


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no 


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was 


ILLINOIS — liril.DINC    A    STATK. 


129 


taiiK'lit  at  \t'\v  Dcsij^ti,  in  Monrot-  County,  by  John  .Six-ly,  where 
tlk-  first  Knj^lish  Sfttk-njtMit  ha''  been  cstabl'slicd  a  yrar  pre- 
vious. It  is  inijiossibk'  to  follow  in  these  pa^es  tiie  establish- 
iiiciil  of  individinl  seliools  oi"  the  c'eveiopnient  in  detail  of  the 
school  system  under  the  vState  Oovertinient.  This  has  been  a 
process  of  "the  survival  of  the  fittest,"  thonj^^h  the  j^reatest  de- 
velopment undoubtedly  oecurretl  under  the  louj^  and  sueeessful 
administration  of  the  office  of  State  Sujjerintendent  of  Public  In- 
struction by  Dr.  Newton  Batenian — now  the  honored  President 
of  Knox  Colleji^e  at  (ialesburjj^ — extending  from  1S5C)  to  1^73, 
with  the  exception  of  an  interval  of  two  ^-ears.  Duriuj^f  this 
period  the  scliool  laws  were  codified  and  rendered  harmonious, 
ami  the  efforts  made  to  establish  ;i  system  of  free-schools  ])er- 
fected. 

The  followinjj[  statistics  are  taken  from  the  report  of  the 
State  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction  for  1890: 

No.   of  Schools '-.^59 

Nil.  of   Sdiool  Houses I2i252 

No.  of   TcacliLTH 23, 164 

Receipts  From  all  vSoiirces jti  2,402,495 

I'AiK'ndituri's ;(Si2,  l37,?Si 

The  average  salaries  for  the  same  period  were  $54.63  ])er  month 
for  male  teachers  and  $44-41  for  female  teachers. 

The  permanent  school  fund  derived  from  all  sources,  ac- 
cording to  the  same  report,  was  $5,780,692,  while  the  value  of 
.school  lands  still  unsold,  amounted  to  $5,204,861,  making  a  total 
of  Si<\985,553. 

Of  higher  institutions  of  learning — Colleges  and  .Semi- 
naries— having  an  average  attendance  of  100  pupils  each,  for 
tlic  year  1888,  there  were  forty-two.  Of  these,  six  were  de- 
voted to  instruction  in  theology,  the  others  being  wholl}-  or  in 
part  literary  and  scientific.  The  oldest  is  Illinois  College,  at 
Jacksonville,  founded  in  1829  b}'  a  band  of  young  men  from  Yale 
College,  though  not  incorporated  for  several  3'ears,  on  account  of 
the  ])rejudice  in  the  Legislature  against  "Yankees"  and  the  in- 
cor])()ration  of  institutions  to  teach  theology — that  being  one  of 
the  departments  according  to  the  original   plan.     The  late  Dr. 


mm 


130 


THK   WHITE   CITY  —  iUUNOIS. 


Julian  M.  Sturtevaut,  for  man}'  years  its  President,  was  most 
active  in  the  establishment  of  this  institution,  while  the  wn- 
erable  Dr.  Edward  Beecher  was  its  first  President.  McKerdree 
College,  at  Lebanon,  came  next,  being  incorporated  by  the  same 
Legislature  tliat  incorporated  Illinois  College,  though  it  had 
been  esLablished  as  an  experimental  school  some  years  before. 
The  Female  Academy  at  Jack.sonville  and  the  Alonticello  Female 
Seminary  at  Godfrey  were  established  the  same  year  (1835)  '^^^ 
was  also  Shurtleff  College  at  Upper  Alton — at  first  a  young 
men's  College  under  the  patronage  of  the  Baptist  church, 
though  now  a  mixed  school. 

Within  the  past  two  years  a  great  impulse  has  been  given  to 
higher  education  by  the  establishment  of  ti.e  University  of  Chi- 
cago, with  an  endowment  and  building  fund  now  estimated  at 
seven  millions  of  dollars,  contributed  by  a  number  of  liben.l 
capitalists  headed  by  John  D.  Rockefeller ;  the  Armour  Insti- 
tute of  Chicago,  and  the  enlargement  of  the  plans  of  other  iu- 
stiUitions,  including  the  Northwestern  University  at  Evauston, 
and  Lake  Forest  Universit}^  at  Lake  Forest. 

As  a  part  of  its  educational  system,  the  State  has  establiijhed 
and  maintains  three  institutions  of  a  high  grade,  viz:  the  Illi- 
nois State  Normal  University  (founded  in  1S57),  at  Normal;  the 
University  of  Illinois  (1867),  at  Champaign,  and  the  Soutli-'ni 
Normal  University  (1869),  at  Carbondale.  The  first  two  of 
these  were  practically  the  outcome  of  an  agitation  maintaineci 
wi^h  great  activity  for  several  3-ears  for  the  establishment  in  the 
State  of  an  "Industrial  University."  having  for  its  object  impart- 
ing instruction  in  those  branches  "related  to  agriculture  and  the 
mechanic  arts,"  though  other  scientific  and  classical  studies  weie 
not  to  be  excluded.  This  scheme  was  advocated  with  great 
earnestness  by  an  association  of  prominent  citizens  of  the  State, 
at  the  head  of  which  was  the  venerable  Prof  Jonathan  B.  Turner, 
of  Jacksonville,  and  a  series  of  State  conventions  for  its  proiiio- 
tion  was  held,  beginning  with  1851.  They  finally  saw  the  frui- 
tion of  their  hopes  in  the  passage  by   Congress,  in  1862,  of  an 


ILLIN'OI.S — HUILDIXG    A    STATK. 


131 


act  nuiking  a  grant  of  lands  to  each  of  the  States  for  the  purpose 
of  founding  institutions  of  the  charac^^cr  desired,  and  the  Illi- 
nois University  at  Champaign  was  the  result,  so  far  I's  Illinois 
was  concerned. 

The  system  of  benevolent  institutions,  built  ap  b}'  the  State 
of  Illinois  almost  entirely  within  the  past  forty  years,  is  of  the 
most  extensive  and  liberal  character.  These  include  the  Insti- 
tution for  the  Education  of  the  Deaf  and  Dumb  (now  the  most 
extensive  of  the  kind  in  the  world)  at  Jacksonville,  foitnded  by 
an  act  of  the  Legislature  in  1839,  but  not  opened  for  pupils  un- 
til 1S46;  the  Central  Hospital  for  the  Insane,  Jacksonville, 
founded  in  181.7,  ^^^t  not  opened  until  four  years  later;  the  Insti- 
tution for  the  Blind,  Jacksonville,  1S49;  the  Soldiers'  Orphans' 
Home.  Normal,  1865;  the  Institution  for  Feeble-AIinded  Chil- 
dren, first  establ^'-hed  as  an  "experimental  school "  at  Jackson- 
ville, 1865,  permanently  established  at  Lincoln  in  1875;  the 
Northern  Hospital  for  the  Insane,  Elgin,  1869;  Eye  and  Ear 
Infirmary,  Chicago,  187 1 ;  Eastern  Hospital  for  the  Insane,  Kan- 
kakee, 1877;  Soldiers'  and  Sailors'  Home,  Quincy,  1885;  iVsy- 
luni  for  Insane  Criminals,  Chester,  1889.  The  aggregate  value 
of  these  institutions  was  estimated  several  years  ago  at  over  $5,- 
000,000,  but  it  has  been  largely  increased  by  additions  to  the 
buildings  belonging  to  several  of  them  since. 

The  aggregate  number  of  inmates  in  the  several  benevolent 
institutions  of  the  State,  according  to  the  report  of  the  Board  of 
Public  Charities  in  1890,  was  10,271,  of  which  5,772  were  in 
Hospitals  for  the  Insane ;  507  in  the  Institution  for  the  Deaf  and 
Dumb;  187  in  the  School  for  the  Blind;  .489  in  the  Institution 
fcr  the  Feeble-minded;  503  in  the  Soldiers'  Orphans'  Home; 
526  in  the  Reform  School,  and  1,347  in  the  Soldiers'  and  Sailors' 
Home. 

The  penal  and  reformatory  insiitutions  include  the  Norinern 
Penitentiary,  originally  located  at  Alton  in  183 1,  but  removed  to 
Joliet  by  act  of  the  Legislature  in  185 1  ;  the  Southern  Peniten- 
tiary, at  Chester,  established  in  1887,  and  the  Reform  School  at 


U^it^.j^.u,^,.-, 


132 


THH    WHITE    CITY— II.MNOIB. 


Pontiac,  established  in  1867.     The  combined  cost  of  these  insti- 
tutions has  been  about  $2,000,000. 

Possessing  a  soil  unsurpassed  in  natural  fertilit}- ;  situated  be- 
tween tlie  Lakes  and  the  greatest  river  of  the  continent,  wliich 
connects  it  with  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  and  stretching  through  five 
and  a  half  degrees  of  the  most  desirable  portion  of  the  temper- 
ate zone,  Illinois  is  primarily  an  agricultural  vState.  In  tlie 
variety  and  abundance  of  its  products  it  is  unsurpassed.  In 
proportion  to  its  area,  it  contains  fewer  acres  of  land  unfit  for 
cultivation  than  any  other  State  in  the  Union,  The  State  Board 
of  Agriculture  and  the  State  Horticultural  Society,  aided  by  the 
county  .societies,  have  been  iintiring  in  their  efforts  to  promote 
the  interests  of  cultivators  of  the  soil  and  have  accomplished 
much  in  that  direction. 

The  agricultural  and  horticultural  products  include  corn, 
wheat  and  the  other  varieties  of  grain ;  apples,  peaches  and  small 
fruits — especially  strawberries  in  the  southern  part;  and  every 
variety  of  garden  vegetables  common  to  ♦'.he  temperate  zone. 
These  products  are  easily  marketed  by  means  of  the  railroad 
lines  which  traverse  every  section  of  the  State,  and  find  a  ready 
sale  in  Chicago,  St.  Louis  and  the  smaller  cities. 

Owing  to  its  geological  formation  it  produces  comparatively 
few  minerals,  but  those  found  are  most  useful  and  are  easily 
accessible  :  they  include  lead  in  the  northwest  and  in  the  south; 
salt  in  the  southeast ;  kaolin  (clay  suitable  for  the  manufacture 
of  porcelain ) ,  in  the  south;  several  varieties  of  building  stone  in 
different  portions,  with  small  deposits  of  iron  in  some  of  the 
southern  counties.  But  the  mineral  which  exists  in  the  greatest 
abundance,  and  for  which  there  is  the  largest  demand,  is  the 
bituminous  coal  which  underlies,  in  practically  exhaustless 
abundance,  more  than  half  the  area  of  the  State.  The  develop- 
ment of  its  coal-mines  has  fiirnished  a  new  and  profitable  in- 
dustry for  the  employment  of  both  labor  and  capital,  besides 
transforming  a  region,  originally  purely  agricultural,  into  one  of 
the  most  desirable  fields  for  manufacturing  enterprises.     The  re- 


tively 
easily 
outh; 
acture 
3110  iu 
f  the 
catest 
the 
stk'ss 
velop- 
)le  in- 
esides 
oue  of 
lie  re- 


is 


—»inmiumitam 


.■«W.n-i,i..,¥.^'.».,  »...«■,., ,.,^-..„.»..,. 


ILLINOIS — HUILDING   A   STATE. 


133 


port  of  the  Bureau  of  Labor  Statistics  for  1S91*  shows  that  918 
mines  were  in  operation  during  that  year,  in  57  counties  of  the 
State,  employing-  a  total  of  32,951  persons,  of  whom  26,059  were 
miners.  The  total  amount  of  coal  mined  was  15,660,698  tons, 
representing  in  value  at  the  mines,  $14,237,974.  The  total  pro- 
duct for  ten  years — from  1882  to  1891,  inclusive, — was  130,- 
06.1.270  tons  The  estimated  area  of  the  coal  fields  of  the  State 
is  37.000  square  miles. 

The  feasibility  of  uniting  the  waters  of  Lake  i^Iichigan 
with  those  of  the  Mississippi  attracted  the  attention  of  the 
earliest  explorers,  and  was  made  the  subject  of  a  report  b}^  Al- 
bert Gallatin,  Secretar}-  of  the  Treasury,  as  earl}-  as  1808,  and 
bv  John  C.  Calhoun,  Secretar}'  of  \\'ar,  in  18 19.  The  scheme 
began  to  be  agitated  in  the  State  soon  after  its  admis;:ion  into 
the  Union,  being  discussed  in  the  messages  of  Governors  Bond 
and  Coles.  The  first  legislation  by  Congress  on  the  subject, 
was  the  passage  of  an  act,  March  30,  1822,  "authorizing  the 
State  of  Illinois  to  open  a  canal  through  the  public  lands  to  con- 
nect the  Illinois  River  with  Lake  Michigan"  ;  this  was  followed, 
in  1827,  by  a  grant  of  land  amounting  to  about  300,000  acres, 
for  the  purpose  of  prosecuting  the  work.  After  the  passage  of 
various  acts  on  the  subject  by  the  State  Legis":ature — commenc- 
ing in  1825 — at  the  session  of  1835  a  loan  of  $500,000  was 
anthorized  and  the  work  began  July  4,  1836.  It  languished, 
however,  for  years  and  it  was  not  until  April  10,  1848,  that  the 
first  boat  passed  through  the  canal  from  Lockport  to  Chicago ; 
another  passing  through  its  whole  length  from  La  Salle  to  Chi- 
cago, a  distance  of  100  miles,  on  the  twenty -third  of  the  same 
month.  The  total  amount  expended  in  construction — including 
52,955,340  refunded  to  Chicago  after  the  great  fii'e — was  $gr 
513.031,  while  the  amount  returned  to  the  State  up  to  1879,  was 
$8,819,731,  of  which  $5,886,039  was  from  the  sale  of  canal  lands 
and  the  remainder  from  net  e"-rnings. 

For  years  Illinois  has  stood  in  the  front  rank  of  States  in 

*No  later  reports  are  accessible  at  the  date  of  preparing  this  chapter. 


134 


THH   WIIITH   CITY  —  ILLINOIS. 


',  ijj 


the  luimlxT  and  extent  of  its  railroad  lines.  Its  location  in  tlic 
heart  of  the  continent  and  on  the  great  highwa}'  of  commerce  be- 
tween the  Atlantic  and  Pacific;  its  nnifonnity  of  snrface  and  tlic 
prodnctiveness  of  its  soil,  v/itii  its  rapidly  increasing  popnlation 
and  its  growth  of  commercial  and  manufacturing  cities,  have 
rendered  it  a  profitable  and  favorite  field  for  this  class  of  enter- 
prise. Chimerical  as  afterward  appeared  the  gigantic  internal 
improvement  .scheme  of  1S36-7,  its  projectors  dimly  foresaw 
what  has  since  been  more  than  realized.  They  were  siniijly 
mistaker.  as  to  the  time  and  manner  of  the  undertaking.  They 
proposed  to  invest  $10,000,000  in  the  construction  of  half  a 
dozen  main  lines  of  railroad  which  should  reach  every  quarter  of 
the  State,  and,  in  (n'der  to  appease  ever}'  section,  commenced  llie 
work  at  as  niau}-  different  points  as  possible.  The  result  was, 
that  while  they  e.xpended  a  vast  sum  of  money,  a  section  of  only 
58  miles  of  road — then  known  as  the  *' Northern  Cross" — was 
completed,  extending  from  the  Illinois  Pviver,  at  Meredosia,  to 
Springfield.  The  first  rail  upon  this  was  laid  Ma}-  9,  1838;  the 
first  locomotive  was  placed  upon  it  six  months  after;  it  was  com- 
pleted to  Jacksonville,  January  i,  1840,  and  to  Springfield  in 
Alay,  T842.  Five  years  later  it  was  sold  to  a  Springfield  l)ank(-r 
for  $21,100,  and  being  reconstructed,  afterward  became  a  part  of 
what  is  now  known  as  the  great  "  Wabash  System. '"•• 

The  Galena  &  Chicago  Union  Railroad,  chartered  at  the 
same  time  as  the  Northern  Cross,  was  commenced  at  Chicago 
almost  immediately,  but  work  was  suspended  in  1S38.  Nine 
years  later  it  was  resumed  and  in  January,  1850,  it  was  com- 
pleted to  Elgin,  a  distance  of  42  miles;  communication  with 
Galena  was  obtained  in  1854  by  way  of  the  Illinois  Central  from 
Freeport.i     This  line  was  afterward  extended  to  Fulton,  Illinois, 

'*.\  tram-way  was  built  in  St.  Clair  County  by  Kx-Gov.  John  Rfynolds  anil  liis  asso- 
ciates, in  iH,^6-7,  for  the  transportation  of  coal'  from  the  hlufTs  to  vSt.  Louis,  but  this  was  no 
))art  of  the  "internal  improvement  scheme"  beKun  by  the  vState,  beinjj  a  piivatc 
enterprise. 

t-\n  interesting;  incident  bearinj;  upon  this  period  in  history,  is  the  mention,  in  a 
Galena  paper  in  1.S29,  under  the  lie;id  of  "Galena  Knterjmse, "  of  the  passiijieof  lla  first 
freiKbtin^  expedition  between  Galena  and  Chicajjo.  This  was  de.sribed  as  "  Mr.  Soulanls 
Mule  team,"  which  had  recently  returned   "  from  Chicago  near  the  southern-most  lioiil 


ILLINOIS — lUILDlNG    A    STATU. 


135 


and  became  a  part  of  the  Chicago  and  Northwestern  system. 

The  third  road  constructed  was  a  section,  thirteen  miles  in 
length,  between  Tnrner  Jnnction  and  Anrora,  in  I)n  Page 
County,  at  first  known  as  the,  "  Aurora  branch  railroad,"  now  a 
part  of  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quircy. 

The  section  of  the  Chicago  &  Alton  Railroad,  from  Alton  to 
Springfield,  was  first  chartered  under  the  name  of  the  "Alton 
and  Sangamon,"  in  1847.  Its  construction  was  begun  in  1S52 
and  completed  to  Springfield  in  1853  ;  to  Bloomington  in  1854  ; 
to  Joliet  in  1856,  and  Vj  Chicago  in  1857,  the  original  cost 
amounting  to  $9,500,000.  The  various  sections  of  this  road  came 
into  the  hands  of  the  pre.sent  compau}-  in  1862.  Its  manage- 
ment has  been  at  once  con.servative  and  enterprising,  and  it 
now  ranks  as  one  of  the  most  successful  railroad  enterprises 
in  the  land.  It  controls  848.98  miles  of  road,  of  which  586.36 
miles  are  in  Illinois. 

The  Illinois  Central  Railroad  Company  was  organized  in 
185 1  to  construct  a  railroad  from  Cairo  northward,  with  branches 
to  Chicago  and  Dubuqr.e,  Iowa,  and  was  based  on  the  grant  of 
lands  by  Congress  to  the  State  for  that  purpose.  Work  was 
connnenced  almost  immediately  and  was  prosecuted  during  the 
next  five  years,  about  700  miles  being  constructed  up  to  1S56. 
It  has  since  acquired  several  branch  roads  in  the  State  and  out 
of  it,  and,  with  lines  extending  from  New  Orleans  to  Central 
Iowa,  is  one  of  the  gigantic  railroad  corporations  of  the  country, 
"^lie  amount  paid  by  it  into  the  State  treasury  in  the  seven  per 
cent,  tax  upon  its  gross  earnings,  from  October  31,  1855,  to 
April  30,  1S92,  aggregated  $13,175,352. 


of  Lake  Michigan,"  whiUier  it  Lad  takoii  :i  load  of  oik-  and  a  half  tons  of  lead.  The  de- 
ttrtnination  of  the  exact  location  of  Chicago  is  of  interest.  The  paper  adds:  "This  is 
thf  tlrst  wagon  that  has  ever  j'lssed  from  the  Mississi])])i  River  to  Chicago.  The  route 
laktii  from  the  mines  was  to  Ogee's  ferry  on  Rock  River — iSo  miles  ;  thence  an  east  course 
f«i  tiiik's  to  the  missionary  estahlishment  on  I'ox  River  of  the  Illinois,  and  tlietice  a 
norllurly  course,  60  miles  to  Chicago,  making  the  distai.ce  from  this  ])lace  to  Chicago,  as 

lravi.k<l,  2c»  miles The  trip  out  was  performed  in  eleven  days  and  the  return 

trill  in  eight  days The  lead  was  taken  by  water  from  Chicago  to  Detroit  .    .    . 

Should  a  road  be  surveyed  and  marked  on  the  best  ground  an<l  the  shortest  distance, 
.1  tri])  could  be  performed  in  much  less  time.  And  if  s<dt  could  be  obtained  at  Chicago 
from  llieNew  Vork  salt-works,  it  would  be  a  profitable  and  advantageous  trade." — Cia/t'na 
■  litiiiiisci;  Si'pt.  //,  jS2g. 


.* 

M 


136  THK    WIIITH    CITY  —  ILMNOIS. 

Other  early  railroad  enterprises  were  the  Terre  Haute  & 
Alton  Railroad — now  the  St.  Louis,  Alton  &  Terre  Haute — be- 
gun in  1852  and  completed  in  1854;  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island 
&  Pacific,  begun  under  the  name  of  the  Chicago  &  Rock  Island, 
in  T852,  and  completed  two  years  after;  the  Ohio  &  Mississippi, 
fron.i  East  St.  Louis  to  Cincinnati,  completed  in  1857,  with  an 
auxiliary  line  since  constructed  from  Beardstown  to  Shawneetown, 
intersecting  the  main  line  at  Flora;  the  St.  Louis,  Chicago  (S: 
St.  Paul ;  the  Toledo,  Peoria  &  Warsaw,  etc.  These  roads  have 
of  late  3'ears  been  generally  prospcrotis  and  have  accomplished  a 
vast  work  in  the  development  of  the  country'  through  which  they 
pass. 

Tlic  various  lines  of  railroad  in  operation  in  Illinois  num- 
ber over  sixty,  many  of  them  having  numerous  branches  wliicli 
have  been  absorbed  since  their  original  construction.  Their  to- 
tal mileage  in  Illinois,  according  to  the  report  of  the  Railroad 
and  AVarehousc  Commission,  for  1S90,  was  10,163  "lilcs.  During 
the  past  two  3-ears  about  170  miles  have  been  constructed,  mak- 
ing the  total  mileage  at  the  close  of  1892,  about  10,333.  '^^'^' 
growth  of  this  class  of  enterprise  in  the  State  is  indicated  by  tlic 
mileage  at  different  decades,  as  follows: 

Year.               ]\Iiles.  Year.  Miles, 

1850                   III  1880  7'^'^57 

i860                 2,790  1890  10,163 

1S70                4,823  1892  10,333 

The  following  is  a  list  of  the  principal  railroad  corporations 

operating  in  the  State,  with  the  number  of  miles  under  control 

of  each  in  1892: 

Xami-;  <>I'  Road.  Total  ]Mileaife.         Mileage  in  State, 

Atehison,  To])eka  &.  Santa  Fc, 7,106.14  2.S5.S 

Chicajio  &  Alton, 848.98  586.;/. 

Chicago,   Bnrlington  &  Qnincy 2,139.41  i,236.S<i 

Chicago  &.  ICastcrn   Illinoi.s, 272.3  221.^14 

Chicago  &  Nortlnvesteni, 4,3(X).2r  586.:?'^ 

Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific, 3,131.6  236.'^ 

Cleveland,  Cincinnati,  Chicago  &  ,Sl.  Ix)ui.s,  .    .    .  2,324.8  697 

Klgin,  Joliet  &  Ea.steni, 165  144 

niinois  Central, 2,989.09  •l.,'?95  5' 


ILLINOIS — lUn.DINC,    A    STATK.  I37 

Namk  ok  Road.  Total  Mileajiji'.      Mileage  in  State. 

Indianapolis,   Decatur  it  Western, 15-5  7A-^ 

JacksDUvilli,' Sontlu'asturn, 29S.4  ^Si^-A 

Lake  Krie  iS:  Wi'sti'rn  ...  585. f<4  121.02 

Louisville,   Ivvansvillc  &  St.  Louis, .i5<>.jl  140.8 

Louisville  &  Nashville :,9o6.  r  '79''>7 

Mobile  vS:  Ohio 687.6  160.6 

Ohio  vS:  Mi.s.sissip])! 625.75  37i-4S» 

Peoria,  Decatur  iS:  Kvansville 243  aoi 

Rock  Island   &  Peoria 185  185 

8t.  I<ouis,  Chicago  iS:  St.  Paul, 85  85 

.St.  Louis,  Alton  iS:  Terre  Haute 242  242 

Terre  Haute  &  Peoria, 144  144 

Terre  Haute  &  Indianapolis, •,60.6  158.^ 

Toledo,   Peoria  &  Western 230  230 

Toledo,  St.  Louis  iH:  Kansas  Citj', 451  172 

W.iliash, i,Su.4  726 

Wisconsin  Central, 851.15  5'). 62 

Every  couiityin  the  State  but  three  is  intersected  by  at  least 
one  line  of  railroad;  the  exceptions  are  Calhoun,  Hardin  and 
Pope. 

Besides  these,  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio;  Chicago  iS:  Grand 
Trunk;  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul;  Lake  Shore  &  Mich- 
igan Southern;  Michigan  Central;  Pittsburgh,  Ft.  Wajaie  & 
Chicago,  though  having  a  small  extent  of  mileage  in  the  vState, 
do  a  large  business  in  Illinois. 

While  the  rapid  growth  of  the  State  has  influenced  the 
building  of  railroads,  still  the  influence  of  the  railroad  system 
upon  the  pi'osperity  of  the  Commonwealth  has  been  reciprocal,  as 
i.s  shown  in  the  opening  up  of  every  section  of  it  to  cultivation, 
in  its  rapid  increase  in  population,  the  growth  of  towns  and 
cities,  and  the  vast  development  of  manufacturing  enterprises. 
Beginning  with  a  population  of  34,620  on  its  admission  to  the 
Unicm,  in  1818,  in  1S20  it  had  increased  to  55,162;  in  1S30, 
to  157,445;  in  1S40,  to  476,183  ;  in  1850,  to  851,470;  in  i860,  to 
^'"11)951)  in  1870,  to  2,539,891;  in  1880,  to  3,077,871;  and  in 
1890,  to  3,818,536 — more  than  the  entire  population  of  the  thir- 
teen original  States,  and  making  it  the  third  State  in  population 
ill  the  Union,  exceeded  onh'  by  New  York  and  Pennsylvania. 
The  census  of  1890  returned  twent3'-one  cities  in  the  State  each 
with  a  population  exceeding  10,000,  against  twelve  of  the  same 


I^S 


'Pin-;  Miirri',  citv  —  ir.i.ivois. 


class  in  iSSo.  Tlu-  ratio  of  im-riMsc  in  tlitsi'  in  tlir  ])ivcc'(ling 
dcc.'uk'  had  l)ci.n  from  Iwcnly  to  more  than  om-  Innuh-id  pir 
cent.  Thi-  city  lia\  in,y^  the  larjjfest  relative  j^rowth — not  e.xerpi- 
ing  Chicaj^H),  whieh  liad  extended  its  area  by  annexiniL^-  se\er;il 
suburbs — was  Joliet,  followed  by  I'U.^in,  Roekford  and  Anrora,  in 
tile  onU  r  named.  In  each  ease  the  rapid  }.,n-o\\tli  wasdne  larL;el\ 
to  tlu'  de\-(  lopnient  of  niannfactiirini^  enterprises.  Besides  the 
cities  named,  the  followiniui^  have  jjTown  rapidly  in  imjjortanee  as 
nianiifactnrinj^  centres:  Sprin^v^field,  Peoria,  lUoomini^'ton,  Mo- 
line,  Qnincy,  ^*,ast  St.  Lonis  and  Galesbnri;-.  Chicago  and  its 
suburbs,  with  Joliet,  P^ast  St.  Louis  and  ,Sprinj.>;field,  lead  in  inm 
and  steel  manufacture;  Roekford,  vSprinj.jfield  and  Decatin-  in 
furniture  and  other  forms  of  wood-work  ;  Klgin,  Roekford  and 
Springfield,  in  watches;  Chicago,  Molinc,  Peoria,  Roekford,  De- 
catur and  vSpringficld,  in  agricultural  imi)lements;  while  large 
quantities  of  various  qualities  of  paper  are  manufactured  at 
Roekford,  Moline,  Springfield  and  Riverton,  Chicago  and  Kan- 
kakee. Immense  stock-yards  and  packing-houses  at  Chicago 
and  East  St.  Louis  furnish  a  market  for  the  live  stock  of  the 
Mississippi  valley  and  supply  cured  and  canned  meats  for  home 
and  foreign  consumption;  the  elevators  of  Chicago  and  liast  St. 
Louis  store  the  grain  of  tlie  Northwest,  and  the  mills  of  Alton. 
Roekford,  Ouincy,  Rock  Island,  ]\Ioline  and  other  cities  grind  it 
into  flour  for  the  markets  of  the  world. 

The  aggregate  valuation  of  taxable  property  in  the  State  in 
1892,  was  $831,310,306.  As  this  was  on  an  ackowdedged  ba.sis 
of  about  25  per  cent,  of  tlie  cash  value,  the  real  value  of  the 
whole  property  of  the  State  will  not  fall  short  of  $,3,300,000,000. 
The  proportion  of  the  assessment  falling  upon  railroads  wfi.s 
$77,108,390,  and  upon  other  corporations,  $6,549,202. 

This  chapter  would  be  wanting  in  completeness  did  it  fail  to 
mention  some  of  those  who,  as  the  original  founders  of  the  t-oni- 
monwealth,  or,  at  a  later  period,  its  builders,  protectors  and  de- 
fenders, hav'e  assisted  to  make  Illinois  what  it  is  to-day.  And 
first  in  order  of  time,  if  not  in  honor,  should  stand  the  name  of 


hil  to 

coiu- 

(1  dc- 

And 

lie  ot 


■ -*,-!■ 


Masonic  Tkmplk,  Chicago. 


the  cl 

(jOVC'I 

"the 
trcpid 
who  c 
iiois'  1 


vital  it 

fonmi 

North 

form ; 

chanif 

Xatha 

chusct 

Henry 

whose 

less  w( 

the  in: 

the  re; 

Oovcri 

ten  ;  n 

Lieute 

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State  ; 

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Michig 

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United 

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and  Go 


ILLINOIS — »UILU1N(;    A    STAIK. 


'39 


the  cli)(|iK'nt  orator  of  the  Revolution,  Patrick  Ilcury,  wlio,  as 
(iovcrnor  of  \'ir^iiiia,  Jiuthori/cd  the  expedition  whicli  captured 
"the  Illinois  Country"  fnnn  the  British  in  I77«S,  and  the  in- 
trepid and  darinjjf  youni^  X'irj^iuian,  Col.  Oeorj^e  Rojj;er.s  Clark, 
who  carried  the  plan  into  execution.  Henry  thus  became  Illi- 
iiois'  first  Governor. 

Then,  again,  all  honor  is  due  to  the  men  who  gave  form  and 
vitality  to  the  Ordinance  of  1787 — to  Thomas  Jefferson  who 
formulated  the  prohibition  of  slavery  in  the  Territory'  of  the 
Northwest,  which  was  finally  passed  in  an  amended  and  improved 
form;  to  Manasseh  Cutler,  the  distinguished  New  England 
champion  of  popular  education,  who  aided  in  its  adoption;  to 
Nathan  Dane,  the  enlightened  and  sagacious  statesman  of  Massa- 
chusetts, who  composed  and  drafted  the  act,  and  to  Richard 
Henry  Lee  of  Virginia,  and  John  Kean  of  South  Carolina, 
whose  votes  assisted  to  enact  it  into  law.  The  fact  is  none  the 
less  worthy  of  mention  because  Southern  men,  identified  with 
the  institution  of  slavery,  contributed  in  the  largest  measure  to 
the  result.  Neither  can  the  services  of  Edwards,  Territorial 
Oovcrnor,  United  States  Senator  and  State  executive,  be  forgot- 
ten ;  nor  those  of  the  frank  and  generous  Pierre  Alenard,  first 
Lieutenant-Governor;  nor  of  Nathaniel  Pope,  Delegate  in  Con- 
jfress,  who  won  the  soil  on  which  Chicago  stands  for  Illinois,  and 
secured  a  perpetual  inheritance  for  the  common  schools  of  the 
State  ;  nor  of  Daniel  P.  Cook,  the  youthful  and  gifted  Congress- 
man, who  won  the  first  victory  in  Congress  for  the  Illinois  and 
Michigan  Canal ;  nor  of  Governor  Coles,  the  patriotic  executive, 
who  defeated  the  conspiracy  to  establish  slavery  in  Illinois ;  nor 
his  co-laborers — the  pure,  scholarly  and  judicial-minded  Lock- 
wood,  Hooper  Warren,  the  pioneer  journalist,  and  Thomas  Lip- 
piiicott;  nor  of  John  McLean  and  Elias  Kent  Kane,  in  the 
United  States  Senate  ;  nor  of  John  Reynolds,  Justice  of  the  Su- 
preme Court,  Governor,  Congressman,  "Old  Ranger"  and  histo- 
rian; nor  of  the  liberal  and  high-minded  Duncan,  Congressman 
and  Governor ;  none  of  these  can  be  deprived  of  the  place  which 


hwiai.M»ya^.dfc^*.;^jl,y,^,^^^^g^^  mmai 


140 


TIIH   WHITE   CITV  —  ILLINOIS. 


has  been  iissigned  them  in  the  history  of  the  State.  To  a  later 
ptriod  belonged  Governor  Ford,  historian,  and  defender  of  Uic 
credit  of  the  State ;  Trnnibnll  and  Donglas,  each  Secretary  of 
State,  Jnstice  of  the  vSnjDrenie  Conrt,  Congressman  and  United 
States  Senator;  J.  D.  Caton,  for  twenty-two  j-ears  on  the  Snprciiie 
bench  ;  Sidney  Breese,  Jnstice  of  the  Snpreme  Court.  United 
States  Senator  and  vSpeaker  of  the  House  of  Representatives; 
Hardin,  Baker  and  Bissell,  Congressmen  and  soldiers  of  the 
Mexican  War — the  first  falling  at  Buena  \'ista,  the  second,  at 
Ball's  Bluff  in  the  War  of  the  Rebellion,  and  the  last  becoming 
the  first  Republican  Governor  of  Illinois.  Among  the  men  who 
founded  colonies  and  attracted  new  settlers,  were  Birkbeck  and 
Flower  of  the  E'lglish  settlement  in  Edwards  County,  the  Bonds 
of  ]\Ionroe,  the  Lemens  of  St.  Clair,  the  Judys  of  Madison,  the 
Kinzies  of  old  Fort  Dearborn,  and,  of  a  later  period,  John  \\'(»od 
of  Quiiic}-,  Dixon  and  Dement  on  Rock  River,  Gurdon  S.  Hub- 
bard, the  Clybourns,  Beaubiens,  Philo  S.  Carpenter,  and  otlicr.s 
at  Chicago. 

Among  educators,  who  founded  and  built  np  institutions,  as 
well  as  wrote  historj',  were  the  indefatigable  John  J.I.  Peck,  Kd- 
ward  Beeclier,  Julian  M.  Sturtevant,  Jonathan  B.  Turner;  Prof. 
Looniis  and  the  Leverett  Brothers  of  Shurtleff  College;  B.  G. 
Roots,  William  H.  Wells,  Dr.  Richard  Edwards,  Dr.  Newton 
Bateman  and  a  host  of  nameless  teachers  in  log  school-hou.ses 
who  gave  direction  to  the  minds  of  the  future  leaders  of  the 
State.  Not  less  important  Avere  the  labors  of  an  army  of  pio- 
neer ministers  of  various  denominations  who  dispensed  religious 
instruction  to  the  scattered  population. 

On  material  lines,  a  vast  work  was  accomplished  by  the 
engineers  and  capitalists  who  built  up  mercantile  enterpri.scs, 
projected  and  constructed  railroads,  founded  cities  and  erected 
manufactories — as  the  Morrisons,  Lamb  and  Mather,  at  Old  Kas- 
kaskia;  Gooding,  Buckland,  Jenne  and  Morgan,  Ogdeii,  Turner, 
Farnam  and  others. 

Coming  down  to  the  period  of  the  late  War,  the  number  who 


ILLINOIS — BUILDING    A   STATE. 


141 


won  a  prominent  place  in  history  is  vastly  increased.  Many  of 
them  surrendered  their  lives  on  southern  battle-lields,  including 
a  Wallace,  a  Wyman,  a  Mulligan  and  many  more.  Others  sur- 
vived to  serve  the  State  in  official  st^^tions,  such  as  Logan, 
Oglesby,  Palmer,  Henderson,  P.  Sidne}'  Post,  Beveridge,  Lippcn- 
cott.  Jesse  J.  Phillips,  E.  N.  Bates,  John  C.  and  George  W. 
Smith,  AIcNulta,  Rinaker,  Fifer  and  scores  of  their  comrades. 
A  name  with  which  to  conjure  among  both  soldiers  and  civilians, 
was  that  of  the  gifted  Yates,  Illinois'  patriotic  "War  Governor." 
But  two  names  from  the  ranks  of  Illinoisans  have  been  assigned 
a  higher  place  than  all  others,  and  have  left  a  deeper  impress 
upon  the  historj'-  of  the  State  and  the  Nation ;  these  are  Ulj'sses 
S.  Grant,  the  organizer  of  \  ictory  for  the  Union  arms  and  con- 
queror of  the  Rebellion,  and  Abraham  Lincoln,  the  Great  Eman- 
cipator, the  preserver  of  the  Republic  and  its  martyred 
President. 


■■-  '^^tfVimuMMttfcjfflaDi 


jjppppi— 


CHAPTER  XTII. 
ILLINOIS    OFFICIALS. 

LI.ST   OF   EXECUTIVE    OFFICERS    UNDER    THE    TERRITORIAL    AND 

STATE   GOVERNMENTS. 

OV.  ARTHUR  St.  CLAIR  was  the  first  regi: 
larly  appointed  Governor  of  the  Northwest  Ter- 
ritory (of  which  Illinois  then  formed  a  part), 
receiA'ing  his  appointment  February  i,  1788,  aud 
serving  until  1800,  when  Indiana  Territory  (in- 
cluding "the  Illinois  Country")  w?s  set  off  from 
Ohio.  Gen.  William  Henry  Harrison  was  then 
(May  13,  1800)  appointed  Governor  of  the  new  Territory,  con- 
tinuing to  serve  so  long  as  Illinois  continued  to  be  a  part  of  it. 
By  act  of  Congress  of  Februar}'  3,  1809,  Illinois  Territory  was 
organized,  and  a  few  weeks  later  John  Boyle  of  Kentucky,  was 
appointed  Territorial  Governor,  but  declined.  Ninian  Edwards 
then  (April  24,  1S09)  received  the  appointment  and  continued  to 
serve  until  after  the  first  State  election,  October,  1818. 

The  following  were  the  other  chief  ofiRcers  during  the  Ter- 
ritorial period: 

Secretaries. — Nathaniel  Pope,  March  7,  1809,  to  December 
17,  1816;  Joseph  Philips,  December  17,  1816,  to  October  6, 1818. 
AiidHors  of  Piiblir  Accounts. — H.  H.  Maxwell,  1812-1816; 
Daniel  P.  Cook,  Januarj^  13,  1816,  to  April,  1817;  Robert  I  Hack- 
well,  April  5,  1817,  to  August,  1817;  Elijah  C.  Berry,  August 
28,  181 7,  to  October  9,  18 18. 

Attorneys-General. — Benjamin  Doyle,  Jaly  24,  1S09,  t«  De- 
cember, 1809;  John  J,  Crittenden,  December  30,  1809,  to  April 


I  Hindis. 


14S 


ILLINOIS  —  OFFICIALS. 


143 


1810;  Thomas  T.Crittenden,  April  7,  1810,  to  Octooer,  1810;  Ben- 
jamin M.  Piatt,  October  29,  1810,  to  June,  1815;  William  Mears, 
June  23,  1813,  to  February  17,  1818. 

Treasurer. — John  Thomas,  181 2-1 8. 

Delee^ates  to  Couffress. — Shadrach  Bond,  1812-14;  Benja- 
min Steplienson    1814-17  Nathaniel  Pope,  1817-18. 

STATE  OFFICERS. 

Covernors. — Shadrach  Bond,  1818-22  ;  Edward  Coles,  1822- 
26;  Niniaii  Edwards,  1826-30;  John  Reynolds,  1830-4;  William 
L.  D.  Ewing  [vice  Reynolds,  resigned),  November  17,  1834,  to 
December  3,  I034;  Joseph  Duncan,  1834-8;  Thomas  Carlin, 
1838-42;  Thomas  Ford,  1842-6;  Augustus  C.  French,  1846  to 
January,  1853;  Joel  A.  Matteson,  1853-7;  W.  H.  Bissell,  1857 
to  March  21,  i860;  John  Wood  {vice  Bissell,  deceased),  March, 
I S60,  to  January,  1861 ;  Richard  Yates,  1861-5;  R.  J.  Oglesby, 
1865-9:  John  M.  Palmer,  1869-73;  R.J.  Oglesby,  January  13, 
1873,  to  Januar}'  23,  1873;  John  L.  Beveridge  {vice  Oglesby, 
elected  to  United  States  Senate),  1873-7;  Shelby  M.  Cullom, 
1877-83;  John  M.  Hamilton  {vice  Cullom,  elected  United  States 
benator),  1883-5;  R.  J.  Oglesby,  1885-9;  Joseph  W.  Fifer, 
1889-93;  John  P.  Altgeld,  1893 — 

Lieutenant-Governors.— 'Vx^xx^  Menard,  1818-22 ;  A.  F.  Hub- 
bard, 1822-6;  William  Kinney,  1826-30;  Zadock  Casey,  1830 
to  March  i,  1833;  W.  L-  D.  Ewing  {vice  Casey,  resigned), 
March  i,  1833,  to  December  5,  1834;  Alexander  M.  Jenkins, 
1834-6;  William  H.  Davidson  (z//lf^  Jenkins,  resigned),  1836-8; 
Stinson  H.  Anderson,  1838-42;  John  Moore,  1842-6;  Joseph  B. 
Wells,  December,  1846,  to  January,  1849 ;  William  IMclMurtry, 
1849-53;  Gustavus  Koerner,  1853-7;  John  Wood,  1857-60; 
Fraugis  A.  Hoffman,  1861-5  ;  Wm.  Bross,  1865-9;  John  Doug- 
herty, 1869-73;  John  L.  Beveridge,  January  13,  to  January  23, 
'^^'73;  John  Early  (as  President  of  Senate),  1873-5;  A.  A. 
Glenn  (as  President  of  Senate),  1875-7;  Andrew  Shuman, 
1877-81;  John  M.  Hamilton,   1881-3;  William  J.  Campbell  (as 


mammms^ 


144 


THK    WHITH    CITY 


IM.IXOIS. 


President  of  Senate),  T883-5;  John  C  Smith,  1885-9;  L3iiian 
B.  Ray,  1889-03;  Joseph  B.  Gill,  1893— 

Secretaries  of  Slate. — EHas  Kent  Kane,  1818-22;  Samuel 
D.  Lockwood,  December,  1822,  to  April,  1823;  David  Blackwcll, 
1823-4;  Alorris  Birkbeck,  October,  1824,  to  January,  1S25; 
George  Forqucr,  1825-8;  Alex.  P.  Field,  1828-40;  Stephen  A. 
Douglas,  November,  1840,  to  February,  1841;  Lyman  Trunihnll, 
1841-3  ;  Thompson  Campbell,  1843-6;  Horace S.Cooley,  1849-50; 
David  L.  Gregg,  1850-53;  Alex.  Starne,  1853-7;  Ozias  M. 
Hatch,  1857-65;  Sharon  T3nidale,  1865-9;  Edward  Runiinel, 
1869-73;  George  H.  Harlow,  1873-81;  Henry  D.  Dement, 
1881-9;  Isaac  N.  Pearson,  18S9-93;  William  H.  Hinricliseii, 
1893— 

Auditors  of  Puhlic  Accounts. — Elijah  C.  Berry,  18 18-31; 
James  T.  B.  Stapp,  1831-5;  Levi  Davis,  1835-41;  James 
Shields,  1841-3;  W.  L.  D.  Ewing,  1843-5;  Thomas  H.  Campbell, 
1846-57;  Jesse  K.  Dubois,  1857,  to  December,  1864;  Orlin  H. 
Miner,  1864-9;  Charles  E-  Lippencott,  1869-77;  Thos.  B. 
Needles,  1877-81;  Charles  P.  Swigert,  1881-9;  C.  W.  Puvcv, 
1889-93  ;  David  Gore,  1893 — 

State  Treasurers. — John  Thomas,  1818-19;  Rob't  K.  Mc- 
Laughlin, 1819-23  ;  Abner  Field,  1823-7  ;  James  Hall,  1827-31; 
John  Dement,  1831-6;  Charles  Gregory,  1836-7;  John  D, 
Whiteside,  1837-41;  Alilton  Carpenter,  1841-8;  John  Moore, 
1848-57;  James  Miller,  1857-9;  William  Butler,  1859-63;  Alex. 
Starne,  1863-5;  James  H.  Beveridge,  1865-7;  George  W.  Sniitli, 
1867-9;  E.N.Bates,  1869-73;  Edward  Rutz,  1873-5;  Thomas 
S.  Ridgway,  1875-7;  Edward  Rutz,  1877-9;  John  C.  Smith, 
1879-81;  Edward  Rutz,  1881-3;  John  C  Smith,  1883-5;  J'^*-^"'' 
Gross,  1885-7;  John  R.  Tanner,  1887-9;  Charles  Becker, 
1889-91;  Edward  S.Wilson,  i89i-3;Rufus  N.  Ramsay,  1S93— 

Attorneys-General. — Daniel  P.  Cook,  1819;  William  Mears, 
1819-21;  S.  D.  Lockwood,  1821-3;  James  Turney,  1823-9; 
George  Forquer,  1829-33;  James  Semple,  1833-4;  N.  W  Ed- 
wards, 1834-5  ;  Jesse  B.  Thomas,  1835-6;  W.  B.  Scales,  18^0-7; 


ILLINOIS  —  OI'FICI.\I..S. 


T45 


Usher  F.  Under,  1837-8;  George  W.  Olney,  1838-9;  \V.  Kitcli- 
ell,  1S39-40;  Josiah  Lamborn,  1840-3;  James  Allen  McDongall, 
1S43-6;  David  B.  Ca'.npbcll,  1846;  Robert  G.  Inirersoll,  1867-9; 
Washington  Bnslinell,  1869-73;  James  K.  Edsall,  1873-81; 
lames  McCartney,  1881-5;  George  Hunt,  1885-93;  M.  T. 
Moloney,  1893 — 

Supcrintcudruts  of  Public  luslniction. — N.  W  Edwards, 
1854-7;  Wm.  H.  Powell,  1857-9;  Newton  Bateman,  1859-63; 
John  P.  Brooks,  1863-5;  Newton  Bateman,  1865-75;  Samuel 
\V.  Fitter,  1875-9;  James  P.  Slade,  1879-83;  Henry  Raab, 
1SS3-7;    Richard    Edwards,    1887-91;  Henry  Raab,  189 1 — 

ORGANIZATION    OK   COUNTIKS. 

The  following  table  shows  the  date  of  organization  of  the 
several  counties  of  the  State: 

1809 — Randolph,  St.  Clair;  1812 — Gallatin,  Johnson,  Madi- 
son; 1814 — Edwards;  1815 — White;  1816 — Crawford,  Jackson, 
Monroe,  Pope;  181 7 — Bond;  1818 — Franklin,  Union,  Washing- 
ton; 1819 — Alexander,  Clark,  Jefferson,  Wayne;  182 1 — Fayette, 
Grt;ene,  Hamilton,  Lawrence,  Montgomery,  Pike,  Sangamon; 
1823 — Edgar,  Fulton,  Marion,  Morgan;  1824 — Clay,  Clinton, 
Wabash;  1825 — Adams,  Calhoun,  Hancock,  Henry,  Knox,  Mer- 
cer. Peoria,  Putnam,  Schuyler,  Warren;  1826 — McDouough, 
Vermilion;  1827 — Jo  Daviess,  Perry,  Shelby,  Tazewell;  1829 — 
Macon,  IMacoupin;  1830 — Coles,  McLean;  1831 — Cook,  Effing- 
ham, Jasper,  La  Salle,  Rock  Island;  1833 — Champaign,  Iroquois; 
1836 — Kane,  McHenry,  Ogle,  Whiteside,  Will,  Winnebago; 
1837— Boone,  Bureau,  Cass,  DeKalb,  Livingston,  Stephen- 
son; 1S39 — Brown,  Carroll,  Christian,  DeWitt,  DuPage,  Hardin, 
Jersey,  Lake,  Lee,  Logan,  Marshall,  i\Ieuard,  Scott,  Stark,  Wil- 
liamson; 1841 — Gnindy,  Henderson,  Kendall,  Mason,  Piatt, 
Richland,  W^oodford;  1843 — Cumberland,  Massac,  Moultrie. 
Pulaski;  1847 — Saline;  185 1-  -Kankakee;  1857 — Douglas;  1859 
—Ford. 

The  settled  portion  of  the  "Illinois  Country"  was  organized 


146 


THE   WHITE  .CITY  —  ILLINOIS. 


into  "Illinois  County"  for  the  purposes  of  government,  by  the 
Virginia  House  of  Delegates,  a  few  months  after  the  conquc  st  of 
Illinois  by  Col.  George  Rogers  Clark,  in  1778.  After  the  or irani- 
zation  of  the  Northwest-Territory  (1780)  this  region  was  reori^aii- 
ized  and  received  the  name  of  St.  Clair  County,  after  tlio  first 
Governor,  who  had  been  appointed  in  1788.  Randolph,  the  sec- 
ond county,  was  set  off  in  1795,  both  being  then  under  the  juris- 
diction of  the  Northwest-Territory.  No  further  changes  were 
made  in  the  county  organization  in  the  "Illinois  Country"  mi- 
til  after  the  organization  of  Illinois  Territory. 


"^*^""'^'"~"~iiii-  tn-ffm  t-ii 


Illinois  Institution 


o. 


FORT   SHERIDAN — THK  ART  INSTITUTE — THE  ARMOUR  MISSION 
—  THE   ARMOUR    INSTITUTE  —  THE    UNIVERSITY 
OE  CHICAGO. 

''^— -AHF)  inception  of  a  Government  Post  at  Chicago 
originated  with  Gen.  Philip  Henry  Sheridan, 
who  suggested  to  prominent  citizens  the  import- 
ance of  there  locating  a  military  school.  On 
April  25,  1885,  Gen.  John  M.  Schofield,  while  at- 
tending a  dinner  given  under  the  auspices  of  the 
Commercial  Club  of  Chicago,  in  the  course  of 
his  remarks  expressed  the  same  thought  which 
was  made  the  subject  of  discussion  by  the  Club  on  May  25th. 
On  March  27th,  of  the  following  year,  the  matter  was  still 
further  debated  and  a  committee  appointed  to  carefully  consider 
the  advisability  of  establishing  a  Fort.  The  report  of  this  com- 
mittee was  favorable  to  the  enterprise,  and  was,  in  effect,  that 
steps  should  at  once  be  taken  by  the  Club  to  secure  the  necessary 
funds  to  purchase  a  suitable  location. 

About  this  time  a  committee  was  delegated  by  General 
Sheridan  to  examine  certain  sites  which  were  reported  desirable, 
and,  as  the  result  of  their  investigation,  the  station  of  High- 
wood,  on  Lake  Michigan,  about  twenty-one  miles  north  of  Cook 
County  Court-house,  was  selected.  The  Commercial  Club,  at  all 
times  interested  in  the  welfare  of  the  city,  headed  the  subscrip- 
tion by  contributing  liberally,  to  which  were  appended  the  names 
ot  about  four  hundred  business  men  of  Chicago,  so  that,  in  addi- 


Illiuuis. 


147 


lj^atUTttif>i(,J'^atiimt»M» 


148 


TIIH    WillTK    CITY  —  ILLINOIS. 


tioii   to  the  purchase    ])rice,  $300,000,  $13,045   was  subscribed, 
wliicli  amount  was  returned,  pro  rala^  to  all  contributors. 

In  October,  1.S87,  the  land,  which  consisted  of  633.32  acres, 
was  purchased  and  a  deed  of  the  same  transferred  to  the  United 
States  Government,  on  which  to  establish  a  military  post,  the 
location  bcinjr  named  Fort  Sheridan,  in  honor  of  the  General 
whose  thought  first  found  expression  in  favor  of  the  cnteri)risc 

The  site  is  one  of  the  most  picturesque  and  beautiful  in  the 
vicinity  of  Chicago,  and,  in  fact,  it  would  be  difficult  to  fnul  in 
any  location  one  surpassing  it  in  the  attractiveness  of  its  sur- 
roundings. The  climate  is  not  severe  in  winter,  while  the  cool- 
ing breezes  which  blow  from  the  Lake  renders  it  one  of  the  most 
delightful  of  summer  resorts. 

In  1888  Congress  made  the  first  appropriation  for  improve- 
ments, since  which  time  seventy-one  buildings  have  been  erected, 
upon  which,  together  with  the  improvements  of  streets,  water  sup- 
ply, etc.,  there  have  been  expended  more  than  one  million  dollars. 

The  Fort  is  under  command  of  Col.  Robert  E.  A,  Crofton, 
whose  staff  and  garrison  consist  of  602  men  belonging  to  the 
F'ifteenth  Regiment  and  Battery  E,  and  two  troops  of  the  Sevcuth 
Cavalry,  comprising  120  men. 

Cclonel  Crofton  has  been  in  continuous  service  since  the 
breaking  out  of  the  Civil  War.  In  1861  he  was  appointed  Cap- 
tain, and  was  made  LieutenRr.t-Colonel  in  1879  while  serving  ou 
the  frontier.  In  1886  he  was  promoted  to  the  rank  of  Colouel 
and  placed  in  command  of  the  famous  Fifteenth  Regiment,  serv- 
ing with  it  continuously  from  that  time.  Colonel  Crofton  is 
deserving  of  all  the  respect  and  esteem  which  is  everywhere  and 
at  all  times  accorded  to  him  by  officers  and  soldiers;  his  promo- 
tions were  well  merited,  being  no  more  than  a  just  ackowlcd,y:c- 
ment  of  faithful  service. 

Lieut.-Col.  Samuel  Ovcnshine  and  Maj.  C  M.  Bailey  are 
next  in  command.  Of  Col.  Crofton's  staff,  ist  Lieut.  Will  T. 
May  is  Regimental  Adjutant,  and  ist  Lieut.  J.  A.  Maiiey, 
Regimental  Quartermaster. 


IM.INOIS —  rxSTITlTTIOXS. 


149 


Tlu!  history  of  the  Fifteenth  Rej^inieut  is  an  inturcsliniL;  one 
and,  to  those  who  have  served  in  its  ranks,  the  past  is  not  devoid 
oi"  slirrinji^  events.  It  was  organized  by  act  of  Cotiji^ress  in  i<S6i, 
rcor,ij:anizc(l  in  1.S66,  and  ajj^ain  reorganized  by  consolidation  with 
the  'i'hirty-fiftii  Rejjjiment.  For  sixteen  years  after  the  close  of 
the  Civil' War  its  services  were  reqnired  in  New  Mexico,  Cali- 
fornia, Arizona  and  Dakota,  and  its  record  is  one  of  which  to  be 
proud;  in  fact,  so  hazardous  and  trying  were  these  canipaijj^ns 
that  it  is  generally  acknowledj^ed  that  the  jj^allant  "  Fifteenth"  is 
fully  entitled  to  the  best  the  government  affords,  F\)rt  Sheridan 
being  among  the  favorite  posts. 

Gen.  Nelson  A.  Miles  was  born  in  Westminster,  Massachu- 
setts, August  8,  1S39.  At  the  outbreak  of  the  Civil  War  he 
joined  the  Twenty-second  Massachusetts  \'olunteers  as  Second 
Lieutenant,  but  was  soon  promoted  to  the  rank  of  Captain,  and 
ill  May,  1862,  was  appointed  Lieutenant-Colonel  of  the  Sixty- 
first  New  York  Volunteers,  in  acknowledgement  of  gallant  .sei- 
vice.  After  the  battle  of  Antietam  he  rose  to  the  rank  of  Col- 
onel, in  September,  1862,  and  was  brevetted  Brigadier-General  in 
1864  for  meritorious  ccmduct  throughout  the  campaign,  and 
particularly  for  gallantry  at  the  engagement  at  Ream's  Station, 
Virginia.  He  was  made  Major-General  in  October,  1865,  and 
mustered  out  of  service  in  September,  1866. 

As  Colonel  of  the  Fortieth  Infantry,  General  Miles  entered 
the  reorganized  ami}-,  but  was  brevetted  Major-General,  March  2, 
1867,  foi"  gallant  service  at  the  battle  of  Chancell  -rsville.  He 
was  transferred  to  the  Fifth  Infantry  in  1869,  and  at  this  date 
his  career  as  an  Indian  lighter  began  by  the  subjugation  of  the 
Comanches  and  Kiowas  in  the  Staked  Plains  country.  In  1876 
he  drove  Sitting  Bull  from  Montana,  and  captured  the  Nez 
Perces,  under  chief  Joseph,  and,  in  1878,  subdued  the  Bannocks 
in  the  National  Park.  In  1880  he  received  the  rank  of  Briga- 
dier-General and  commanded  the  Department  of  the  Columbia 
for  live  years.  In  1885  he  was  placed  in  command  of  the  De- 
partment of  the  Missouri,  where  his  services  in  Arizona,  again.st 


m 

;il3 


I50 


Till'.    WIIITI'.    C\r\  —  ILLINOIS. 


the  savajj^es,  were  crowned  with  the  same  success  as  attemlcd  iiis 
former  expeditions  ajj;ainst  the  savaj^e  trihes  of  the  Northwest 
country.  On  the  cessation  of  these  hostilities,  he  was  phiccd  in 
charj^e  of  the  Division  of  the  Pacific,  was  promoted  to  rank  of 
Major-General  April  5,  1890,  and,  in  Septcndx-r  of  the  same 
year,  was  ])laced  in  command  of  the  Department  of  the  Missouri, 
reaching  Chicago  vSci)tend)er  20,  1.S90.  The  campaign  against 
the  Sioux  and  the  subjugation  of  the  "ghost  dances"  ari'  ilie 
latest  testimonials  of  his  effective  measures  in  Indian  warfare. 

Through  the  efficient  services  of  (icneral  Miles,  Fort  Sheri- 
dan has  added  much  to  its  importance  as  a  post.  Among  the 
improvements  may  i)e  noted  the  bicycle  corps,  which  has  been 
found  especiall}-  efficient  as  a  messenger  service.  The  ambulance 
corps  and  life-saving  .service  have  also  been  greatly  imi)n)\e(l 
during  the  present  successful  administration  of  Gen.  Nelson  \. 
Miles  of  the  Division  of  the  Missouri. 


THK   ART    INSTITUTK. 

The  Art  Institu;?  of  Chicago  was  incorporated,  nnder  the 
laws  of  Illinois,  May  24,  1H79,  ''  for  the  purpose  of  maintainitiif 
a  School  and  Mu.senm  of  Art,"  and  aflbrds  full  courses  of  in- 
struction in  academic  drawing  and  painting,  sculpture,  decora- 
tive designing  and  ar  hitecture.  Students  are  admitted  at  any 
time  without  examii/a'ion,  and  are  classified  according  to  their 
attainments  after  a  iiionth's  attendance ;  each  pupil  is  adwinced 
individual!}',  no  time  being  prescribed  for  the  course. 

The  School  of  Drawing  and  Painting  is  divided  into  four 
sections,  elementary,  intermediate,  antiqne  and  life,  the  average 
beginner  requiring  about  eight  months  to  reach  the  antique  class, 
when  he  is  first  permitted  to  u.se  color,  although  a  few  excep- 
tions are  made  to  this  rule.  The  regular  Diploma  is  conferred 
upon  those  who  have  held  the  rank  of  Life  Student  for  two 
j'cars,  a  silver  medal  being  awarded  in  cases  of  extraordinary 
merit. 

Instructions  are  given  in   illustrating,  for  which   the  whole 


IM.INOIS — INSTITUTIONS. 


i;i 


triiiiin^  of  the  school  is  a  direct  preparation,  and  many  advanced 
],u])ils  are  at  all  times  eiii^aj^ed  in  this  work,  for  pnhlications  of 
various  kinds.  The  conr.se  of  Anatomy  consists  of  two  series 
of  Icctnre.s — of  ubont  twenty  each — yearly,  the  stndents  being 
reruircd  to  snhmit  to  a  written  examination  at  the  close  of  each 
tiriu.  Classes  in  Decorative  Desij^ning^  are  conducted  npon  the 
studio  system,  and  tliL-  instruction  is  varied  to  snit  the  needs  of 
iiuli\idual  ca.ses. 

The  School  of  Architecture  was  founded  in  1.S89  and  is  one 
of  the  most  important  departments  of  the  Institute.  Its  course 
is  open  to  both  men  and  women,  and  is  almost  identical  with  the 
Short  Course  of  the  Massachusetts  Institute  of  Technology.  A 
tine  collection  of  architectural  casts,  sent  to  the  Columbian  Kx- 
])()sition  by  the  French  Government,  is  to  become  the  property 
of  the  Institute  at  the  close  of  the  Fair.  The  cost  of  bringing 
to  Chicago  the  "Trocadero  Collection,"  as  it  is  called,  was 
550,000,  and  it  is  by  far  the  finest  in  the  United  States,  while  its 
value  to  the  Institute  can  scarcelj'  be  overrated. 

The  Art  I/ibrary  was  established  in  1879,  and  now  forms 
one  of  the  important  features  of  the  school.  The  current  Art 
Journals  are  kept  on  file,  and  books  to  the  number  of  about  thir- 
teen hundred  constitute  both  a  circulating  and  reference  library 
for  the  students.  A  complete  collection  of  large  carbon  photo- 
graphs, known  as  autotypes,  is  a  recent  purchase  by  the  Trustees 
and  is  a  most  important  accession  to  the  library.  It  consists  of 
more  than  eighteen  thousand  subjects,  and  includes  reproduc- 
tions of  the  most  celebrated  paintings,  drawings  and  sculptures 
of  the  great  riasters,  such  as  are  found  in  the  museums  of  the 
Old  World,  r:.d  being  the  only  complete  collection  of  the  kind 
in  America,  its  value  is  proportionately  enhanced. 

Earl}'  in  1891  the  city  of  Chicago  passed  an  ordinance  grant- 
ing a  tract  of  land  on  the  Lake  Front,  between  Jack.son  and 
Madison  streets,  for  the  site  of  a  jMuseuni  of  Art,  and  upon  this 
ground  the  permanent  home  of  the  Art  Institute  has  been 
erected,  although  it  is  to  be  occupied  during  the  Exposition   by 


'^mmmmmmi* 


152 


THE   WHITK   CITY  —  ILLINOIS. 


the  various  World's  Fair  Congresses  which  convene  at  that  time. 
The  means  for  carrying  forward  the  plans  of  the  Trustees  were 
obtained  from  the  sale  of  real  estate  belonging  to  the  Institute, 
which  netted  about  $265,000;  from  the  World's  Columbian  Ex- 
position, which  offered  $200,000  for  the  use  of  the  building  for 
Congresses  from  May  ist  to  November  i,  1893,  ^^'^  from  pri 
vate  subscriptions  amounting  to  $120,000. 

The  ownership  of  the  building  is  vested  in  the  city  of  Chi- 
cago, but  the  right  to  occupy  the  same  is  given  to  the  Art 
Institute  so  long  as  certain  conditions  are  observed. 

The  building  is  described  as  "  in  style  Italian  Renaissance, 
the  details  classic,  and  of  the  Ionic  and  Corinthian  orders."  It 
is  320  feet  long,  with  a  depth  of  208  feet  including  projections. 
It  is  two  stories  in  height  above  the  basement,  and  is  without 
tower  or  dome.  The  plan  is  rectangular,  enclosing  two  squares, 
which  will  ultimately  be  used,  the  one  as  an  audience  roouL  and 
the  other  as  a  library.  The  great  staircase  in  the  center  of  the 
building,  with  the  main  halls  above  and  below,  form  the  striking 
features  of  the  interior.  Every  object  has  been  subordinated  to 
securing  the  best  rooms  for  exhibition,  with  reference  to  light  and 
simplicity  of  arrangement,  and  the  architects  have  succeeded  in 
this  diiection  and,  at  the  same  time,  furnished  a  dignified  and 
imposing  exterior.  The  material  used  is  Bedford  limestojie, 
with  a  foundation  of  granite. 

The  President  of  the  Institute  is  Charles  L.  Hutchinson; 
Director,  W.  M.  R.  French.  With  a  full  corps  of  competent 
teachers  and  lecturers,  the  best  of  material,  models,  costunica, 
still-life  objects,  library,  etc.,  every  facility  is  afforded  the  student 
for  a  tliorough  education  in  art. 


TH!'.    ARMOUR    MISSION. 


Among  the  places  of  interest  about  which  a  stranger  in- 
quires when  visiting  the  city  of  Chicago  is  the  Armour  Mission. 
This  institution  is  the  outgrowth  of  the  City  Mission,  founded 
in  November,  t886,  to  which  Joseph   F.  Armour,  who  died  in 


'•muSmmSBBSm^ 


g(^^ 


ILLINOIS  —  INSTITUTIONS. 


153 


18S1,  bequeathed  $100,000.  Becoming  at  once  much  interested 
in  carrying  forward  the  purposes  of  his  brother,  Air.  Philip  D. 
Armour  increased  the  bequest  to  $1,000,000,  and  incorporated 
the  Armour  Mission  Company  xmder  the  laws  of  Illinois.  With 
characteristic  business  foresight  Air.  Armour  sought  to  p^-ovide  a 
constant"  revenue  for  this  enterprise,  and  purchased  ground  and 
erected  tenement  buildings,  containing  over  two  hundred  apart- 
ments, the  rental  of  which  is  applied  to  the  support  of  the 
Mission. 

Air.  Armour  loves  chilrdren,  and  his  S3'mpathies  and  a  help- 
nig  hand  are  ever  extended  to  assist  those  who  would  help  them- 
selves. He  believes  in  the  importance  of  early  training  and  sur- 
roundings to  develop  the  highest  manhood  and  womanhood,  and 
puts  his  theories  into  practice  by  providing  for  the  temporal  as 
well  as  spiritual  well-being  of  the  people  with  whom  he  is  asso- 
ciated. Armour  Alission  is  unsectarian  and  is  open  to  all,  "re- 
gardless of  race  or  creed,"  and  here  a  great  Sunday-school  a.s- 
sembles,  the  Auditorium  accommodating  twenty-five  hundred 
people.  Connected  with  the  Alission  are  a  day  nursery,  a  kinder- 
garten, an  industrial  school  and  free  medical  dispensary.  A 
night  school  also  affords  an  opportunit}-  for  study  to  those  whose 
"daily  bread"  depends  entirely  upon  their  own  exertions,  and  who 
would  otherwise  be  deprived  of  all  educational  advantages. 

THE    ARMOUR    INSTITUTE. 

Armour  Institute,  Air.  P.  D.  Armour's  splendid  contribu- 
lion  to  the  cause  of  education,  originallj^  had  in  view  industrial 
training  for  boys  and  girls  rather  than  the  comprehensive  scheme 
of  technical  education  to  which  it  is  now  committed.  Some  of 
the  purely  industrial  features  arc  retained,  nor  is  their  iniport- 
axKe  slighted.  But  the  latter  form  of  organization  is  due  to  a 
conviction  of  the  need  in  Chicago  of  a  school  for  high-ckrss  tech- 
nical instruction.  These  two  ideas  have  happily  influenced  each 
other,  giving  to  the  industrial  work,  as  planned,  a  more  thor- 
oughly scientific  basis,  and  making  the  technical  departments 


154 


Tin-:  wHiTi-:  cirv  —  ii.i.ixois. 


scnools  for  the  practical  application  of  science  and  not  mainly 
for  theoretical  instruction.  It  will  be  a  specific  aim  of  the  Insti- 
tute to  produce  men  capable  of  addressing  themselves  in  a 
practical  and  efficient  manner  to  the  solution  of  the  various 
engineering  problems. 

The  plan  of  organization  of  departments  secures  unity,  to- 
gether Avith  the  largest  expression  of  individuality.  The  Aca- 
demic Department  co-ordinates  all  the  cnrricula  of  preparatory 
and  technical  studies  and  embraces  the  Scientific  Academy, 
which  has  a  Latin,  a  Science,  and  a  Technical  course,  and  fits 
students  for  colleges  in  general,  and  for  the  advanced  coiu'scs  of 
Armour  Institute  in  particular,  and  the  Technical  College, 
in  which  are  included  the  advanced  technical  courses,  each  four 
years  in  length.  Courses  in  Alechanical,  Electrical,  Mining,  and 
Civil  Engineering  have  already  been  established.  The  technical 
work  of  each  course  is  conducted  in  a  separate  department,  each 
being  exclusively  iinder  the  charge  of  its  own  director. 

The  equipment  is  of  the  completest  description  and  includes, 
besid  ^s  the  scientific  apparatus,  a  fine  Gymnasium,  a  Technical 
Museum,  and  a  choice  Library,  which  already  has  over  ten 
thousand  carefully  chosen  volumes. 

The  officers  of  the  Armour  Institute  are : 

Frank  \< .  Gunsaulus,  D.  D.,  President. 

Thomas  C.  Roney,  A.  IM.,  Director  of  the  Acaden'c  De- 
partment. 

Earnest  \V.  Cooke,  Director  of  the  Department  of  Mechan- 
ical Engineering. 

Wilber  AI.  Stine,  M.  S.,  Director  of  the  Department  of 
Mining  Engineering. 

Mrs.  Mary  A.  Hull,  Director  of  the  Department  of  Domestic 
Arts. 

Miss  Katharine  L.  Sharp,  Ph.M.,  B.  L.  S.,  Director  of  the 
Department  of  Library  Science. 

IMiss  Eva  B.  Whitmore,  Director  of  the  Normal  Department 
of  Kindergartens. 


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ILLINOIS  —  INSTITUTIONS. 


T55 


Philip  D.  Armour  was  born  in  Stockbridge  Hills,  New 
York,  May  i6,  1832,  and  in  country  schools  and  the  Academy 
at  Watertown  received  such  education  as  fitted  him  to  enter  the 
business  world  when  he  became  of  age.  In  1852  he  joined  a 
California  party,  and  made  the  long  overland  journey  to  the  "far 
West,"  where  he  remained  four  years.  After  reaching  home,  he 
ahuost  immediately  turned  westward,  settling  in  Milwaukee, 
Wisconsin,  where  lie  entered  into  a  partnership  with  Frederick 
B.  Miles,  in  the  commission  business.  He  afterward  became  as- 
sociated with  John  Plankinton,  of  that  City,  and  their  united 
efforts  built  up'  an  enormous  grain  and  provision  trade. 

Mr.  Armour  has  many  business  interests,  being  director  and 
principal  stockholder  of  the  Chicago,  IVIilwaukee  &  St.  Paul 
Railway,  as  well  as  heading  the  greatest  elevator  combination  in 
the  world,  and  in  La^e  transportation  controlling  one  of  the 
largest  companies.  It  is  through  his  packing  enterprise,  how- 
ever, that  he  is  most  widely  known,  the  main  plant  of  which  is 
located  at  the  Union  Stock  Yards,  Chicago,  and  the  second  h  rg- 
est,  at  Kansas  City,  Missouri,  in  the  various  branches  of  which 
business  about  17,000  men,  boys  and  women  are  employed. 

Mr.  Armour  was  married  in  1862  to  Miss  Malvina  Belle 
Ogden,  of  Cincinnati,  and  together  they  have  lovingly  journeyed, 
while  two  sons,  Jonathan  Ogden  and  Philip  D.  Armour,  Jr.,  have 
been  sharers  of  the  comfortable  but  unostentatious  home.  Mr. 
Armour  is  methodical  in  his  habits,  and  is  a  constant  example 
of  industr}'-  to  the  thousands  of  employes  connected  with  the 
vast  establishments  of  which  he  is  the  lieaJ^  and  chief.  As  to 
his  kindness  of  heart,  the  Mission  and  Institute  speak  more  elo- 
quently than  written  volumes,  ever  testifying  of  the  philanthropic 
purposes  which  actuate  his  daily  life. 


THP:   UNIVERSITY   OF  CT^ICAGO. 


The  name,  University  of  Chicago,  has  long  been  a  familiar 
one,  although  the  present  institution  was  not  projected  prior  to 
1888.     In  1855  several  citizens  of  Chicago  called  upon  Stephen 


■""■ ■IWfiM 


BH 


156 


THE   WIIITH   CITV  —  ILLINOIS. 


A.  Douglas  and  presented  the  idea  of  securing  for  the  city  ;ui  in- 
stitution of  higher  learning,  and,  as  a  result  of  this  ni('etiiit>;, 
Mr.  Douglas  donated  ten  acres  of  land  for  a  campus,  and  a  cliai- 
ter  was  granted  to  the  University'  of  Chicago  in  1S57,  ^^^^  ^'^y'",s 
of  the  corner-stone,  which  occurred  on  the  fourth  of  July  of  that 
3'car,  being  an  event  of  great  interest.  The  building,  when  com- 
pleted, was  an  imposing  granite  structure,  occupying  a  portion 
of  the  grounds  belonging  to  the  Douglas  homestead,  and  was 
supplied  with  the  necessary  class-rooms,  dormitories,  halls,  li- 
brarj',  parlors,  professors'  rooms,  etc.,  and  all  the  conveniences 
which  were  obtainable  at  that  date.  In  1886  tlie  University 
passed  into  the  hands  of  an  insurance  conipau}-,  and  was  there- 
after occupied  by  tenants  of  every  descrip*^ion  until  January. 
1889,  when  the  walls  were  razed,  and  the  material  used  in  the 
construction  of  other  buildings. 

In  1888,  Professor  Harper,  now  President  of  the  institution, 
conferred  with  John  D.  Rockefeller,  and  at  the  clo.se  of  that  year 
presented  to  the  Baptist  Board  of  Education  a  proposition  "to 
establish  an  educational  institution  upon  a  broader  and  more  lib- 
eral basis  than  that  of  any  other  college  or  university  in  this 
countr3\"  The  subject  was  presented  to  a  committee  of  prom- 
inent men  in  the  spring  of  1889,  and  Chicago  chosen  as  the  seat 
of  the  Institution. 

Mr.  Rockefeller's  conditional  gift  of  $600,000  was  supple- 
mented by  the  $400,000  which  he  required  of  others,  and,  in 
addition,  $15,000  in  books  and  $125,000  in  land  was  ahso  con- 
tributed. In  September,  1890,  the  University  of  Chicago  was 
incorporated  under  the  laws  of  Illinois,  Dr.  William  Rainey 
Harper,  of  Yale,  accepting  the  presidency. 

Again  Mr.  Rockefeller  generously  contributed  to  the  insti- 
tution, giving  $1,000,000,  "conditioned  upon  the  Baptist  Union 
Theological  Seminary  at  Morgan  Park — a  suburb  of  Chicago- 
being  made  the  Divinity  School  of  the  new  University,  and  that 
an  Academy  be  organized,"  which  proposition  was  immediately 
accepted. 


ILLINOIS —  INSTITUTIONS. 


157 


The  erection  of  the  buildings  began  November  26,  1891,  the 
first  being  a  four  storj'  Recitation  Building  168x85  feet,  and 
Dorniitorj'  Buildings  for  the  University  and  Divinity  School,  the 
former  costing  5i^2 10,000.  This  institution,  which  admitted  its 
first  pupils  in  October,  1892,  has  at  the  present  time  a  large 
enrollment  of  students,  and  one  hundred  and  twenty  iusttuctors 
in  charge.  Seven  buildings  have  been  completed,  at  a  cost  of 
5900,000,  and  it  is  estimated  that,  by  the  opening  of  the  October 
term,  1893,  five  more  will  be  ready  for  occupancy,  the  cost  of 
which  will  aggregate  $2,000,000. 

The  University  of  Chicago  is  located  between  Fift3'-seventh 
Street  on  the  north  and  Midway  Plaisance  on  the  south,  Lexing- 
ton Avenue  on  the  east  and  Ellis  Avenue  on  the  west,  the  tract, 
consisting  of  twenty-five  acres,  lying  between  Washington  and 
Jackson  Parks.  The  original  site  was  donated  by  Marshall 
Field,  though  some  additions  have  been  made  thereto  by  purchase 
and  the  vacating  of  land  by  the  city,  which  now  gives  to  the 
University  an  undivided  tract. 

In  addition  to  the  gifts  of  Mr.  Rockefeller,  other  generous 
donations  have  been  made.  The  estate  of  William  B.  Ogden — 
first  Mayor  of  Chicago — has  contributed  to  the  University  §1700,- 
000,  which  amount  will  be  used  to  establish  the  Ogden  Scientific 
School ;  the  Kent  Chemical  Laboratory  has  been  provided  for  by 
Mr.  S.  A.  Kent  of  Chicago,  who  donated  $200,000  to  the  institu- 
tion ;  the  Walker  Museum,  costing  $100,000,  is  the  gift  of  another 
Chicago  citizen,  Mr.  George  C.  Walker;  the  Ryersou  Physical 
Lal)oratory,  costing  $200,000,  is  a  donation  of  IMartin  A.  Ryerson 
of  Chicago,  and  is  now  in  process  of  construction;  Rust  Hall, 
for  which  the  amount  of  $70,000  was  furnished  by  Maj.  H.  A. 
Rust,  and  the  Field  Biological  Laboratory,  a  contribution  of 
Marshall  Field,  costing  $250,000,  are  also  donations  of  Chicago 
citizens.  The  Yerkes  Laboratory  will  contain  the  largest  and 
most  powerful  telescope  in  the  world,  for  the  purchase  of  which, 
together  with  the  construction  of  the  tower,  Mr.  Yerkes  of  Chi- 
cago, donated  $500,000.     The  lenses  of  this  wonderful  telescope 


158 


Tin-;  wiirn-;  crrv  —  Illinois. 


are  forty-two  inches  in  diameter,  and  will  cost  #46,000  ulicii 
ready  for  mounting. 

The  ladies  of  Chicago  have  also  interested  themselves  in 
this  new  University,  and  several  have  generously  donated  nuaiis 
to  further  the  cau.se,  among  them  being  Mrs.  Henrietta  Snell,  Mrs. 
Mary  Beecher,  Mrs.  N.  S.  P'oster  and  Mrs.  E.  G.  Kelly,  and  the 
buildings  for  which  their  donations  provide  are  cither  in  process 
of  construction  or  will  be  erected  in  the  near  future. 

Ti;c  University  is  organized  into  four  distinct  divisions: 
the  University  proper,  the  University  Extension,  the  University 
Library  and  Museum,  and  the  University  Press.  The  Uni- 
versity proper  includes  Schools,  Academies  and  Colleges;  the 
University  Extention  is  organized  into  six  Departments— 
lecture-study,  class-work,  correspondence,  examination,  library 
and  training;  the  University  Library  and  Museum  embrace  the 
General  Librarj^  and  General  Museum  and  all  apparatus  and 
material  pertaining  thereto,  and  the  University  F  ess  includes  the 
Departments   of  Printing,  Publication  and  Purchase. 

The  Divinity  School  is  open  to  students  of  all  denominations 
of  Christians,  and  prepares  them  for  the  ministry,  for  missionary 
fields  or  for  Christian  teachers. 

The  question  of  co-education  of  the  sexes  was  seriously  and 
earnestly  considered  at  the  inception  of  the  enterprise,  and  re- 
sulted in  the  adoption  of  a  section  in  its  charter  obliging  the 
University  " to  pro\ide,  impart  and  furnish  opportunities  for  all 
departments  of  higher  education,  to  persons  of  bo'ih  sexes,  on 
equal  terms.'' 


Religion. 


DWIGHT   L.    MOODY — niSHOP   J.    T..    RPAULDING. 


DWIOriT    LYMAX    MOODY. 

p^  N  every  human  heart  there  is  implanted  the  germ 
of  reverence  for  "Good" — the  principle  of  all  being 
— though  the  chances  and  changes  of  life  maj'  dwarf 
^^  the  sensibilities,  until,  to  outward  appearance,  there 
is  neither  respect  nor  love  for  the  Supreme  Ruler  of 
the  Universe.  To  break  through  the  shell  of  preju- 
dice or  indifference,  and  let  the  mello'ving  rays  of 
Divine  Light  warm  into  active  life  the  God-implanted 
principle,  is  the  work  of  the  laborer  in  His.  vineyard,  but  onlj' 
he  who  can  forget  sr//  and  speak  truth  fcr  Truth's  sake,  is 
worthy  of  the  plaudit:  "Well  done,  good  and  faithful  servant." 
In  all  the  ages  of  the  world  there  have  been  those  who  were 
ready  to  d/c  for  the  cause  rearest  their  hearts,  and  we  honor  the 
Christian  mart3'rs  who  perished  for  conviction's  sake.  The 
Nineteenth  Century — no  less  than  the  past — demands  religious 
heroism,  but  it  is  required  of  us  that  we  /ivr  and  not  die  for  the 
cause  of  Christ  and  His  Truth. 

The  religious  denominations  of  this  age  have  done  and  are 
doing  a  noble  work.  They  are  holding  aloft  the  banner  of  the 
King,  and  welcoming  beneath  its  ample  folds  the  world's  "  weary 
and  heavy  laden."  One  of  the  watchmen  upon  the  towers  of 
Zion,  whose  voice  has  been  heard  in  many  lands,  proclaiming 
"glad   tidings  of  great  joy,"  is   Dwight   Lj'man  Moody,  who 


llliimls 


IN 


^mmmm 


I(X) 


THH    VVHITK   CITY  —  ILMNUIS. 


speaks  to  the  people  and  the  people  listen,  because  he  ti.KCs  tliun 
by  the  hand  and  calls  them  "  brother." 

The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  born  in  Northfield,  Massii- 
chusetts,  in  1837,  and  is  therefore  in  the  fifty-seventh  year  of  his 
age.  F)arnest  years  they  have  ever  been,  from  the  period  of 
early  life,  spent  upon  the  little  plat  of  ground  on  the  mountiiiu 
side — the  famil}'  home — to  the  more  eventful  ones  which  followed. 
At  four  he  was  left  fatherless,  and  the  famil}',  then  consistinj^  of 
seven  children,  were  under  a  mother's  watchful  guidance,  the 
oldest  child  being  but  thirteen  years  of  age;  and  tender,  indeed, 
must  be  the  recollections  of  that  mother's  care  and  love,  since 
upon  her  devolved  the  management  of  affairs,  and  the  principal 
education  of  her  family.  The  district  school  afforded  the  only 
instruction  outside  of  home-teaching,  and  at  the  ag  of  seven- 
teen Mr.  Moody's  school  days  were  over,  and  he  en^  '  in  busi- 
ness as  a  salesman  in  a  boot  and  shoe  store  in  Boston.  He  there 
attended  the  Congregational  church,  and  afterward  became  a 
member  of    that  denomination. 

He  was  only  nineteen  years  of  age  when  he  followed  a 
strong  inclination  to  seek  a  western  home,  and  in  Chicago  soon 
became  identified  with  the  Plymouth  Congregational  Church, 
and  began  the  career  of  a  home  missionary,  hiring  several  pews, 
and  attracting  hither  the  j'oimg  men  of  the  city  to  hear  the  word 
of  God.  From  this  small  beginning  grew  the  thought  of  Sunda}' 
School  work  and  the  establishment  of  one  on  a  broad  basis,  his 
talent  being  especially  directed  to  missionary  labors,  where  his 
efforts  were  crowned  with  abundant  success. 

Other  cities  and  towns  were  sharers  in  the  "glad  tidings," 
and  Mr.  Mood}-,  with  his  co-worker,  Mr.  Sankey,  went  fearlessly 
forward,  recruiting  the  army  of  the  Lord  and  giving  Him  the 
glory.  In  1872,  Europe  was  visited,  and  the  Old  World  re- 
sponded to  the  invitation,  and  thousands  enlisted  under  the  "  ban- 
ner of  the  Cross." 

While  many  Nations  have  been  the  field  of  his  earnest  la- 
bors, Illinois,  and  particularly  Chicago,  is  his  home,  and  here 


ILLINOIS — RKI.IOION. 


i6t 


lias  Iktu  erected  ri  church,  the  l)iiil(linj;  of  which  has  cii}^a}j^ecl 
tlic  ihou^  hts  of  a  greater  munber  of  people  than  any  other  sim- 
ilar structure  in  the  world.  Brick  hy  brick  the  walls  were 
raised,  and  each  one  in  all  the  vast  edifice  stands  for  an  earnest 
contributor  to  the  cause  of  ChrisL.  A  preacher  for  the  people  is 
Mr.  Moody.  Simple  his  diction,  but  earnest  and  enthusiastic 
arc  his  words.  Denominational  lines  fall  before  tlie  earnestness 
of  his  appeal  for  better  living,  for  practical  Christianity,  for  a 
life  hid  with  Christ  in  Ood 

"Let  not  thj'  left  hand  know  what  thy  ri}.(ht  hand  doeth"  is 
a  text  which  finds  its  true  interpretation  in  the  life  of  Dwight 
Lyiiuin  Mond_v. 

niSIIOP   SI'.'M.ltlNG. 

One  of  the  most  interestint^  personages  in  the  Catholif. 
church  in  America  to-day  is  the  Rt.  Rev.  J.  L.  Spalding,  Bishop 
of  Peoria,  Illinois. 

His  appointment  as  President  of  the  Catholic  Exibit  at  the 
World's  Fair,  the  connection  of  liis  name  with  the  arcliiepi.scopal 
see  of  St.  Louis,  as  well  as  the  vigorous  pastoral  recently  issued 
frnni  his  pen  in  the  name  of  the  Archbishop  and  Bishops  of 
Illinois,  have  brought  him  so  prominently  before  the  public  dur- 
ing the  past  few  weeks  that  the  Colorado  Catholic  thinks  the 
occasion  opportune  for  giving  a  brief  sketch  of  his  life  and  the 
more  important  acts  of  his  career  as  priest  and  bishop,  which  for 
want  of  space  we  cannot  in  detail  publish,  though  it  is  of  a  most 
interesting  ch  icter;  but  the  important  work  to  which  he  has 
given  his  energies  was  in  organizing  the  new  and  scattered 
diocese  of  Peoria,  and  it  showed  the  good  judgment  of  those  who 
were  responsible  for  his  appointment.  The  thirty-two  counties  of 
Illinois,  which  at  that  time  comprised  the  diocese  of  Peoria,  had 
fifty-one  chnrches  scattered  over  a  territory  as  large  as  the  State 
of  ^lassachusetts,  twenty-eight  priests,  few  schools  and  no  re- 
ligious institutions.  To-day  the  dioee.se  has  over  100,000  Cath- 
olics, 180  churches,  142  priests,  fifty  schools  and  academies,  seven 
hospitals,  two  orphan  asylums  and  a  prosperous  college. 


miifflMilIiiWawBnmiifafMf— iiirMii » rir«ii  mm 


162 


THK   WHITK  CITY  —  ILLINOIS. 


Bishop  Spalding,  with  his  well  known  modesty,  gives  credit 
for  all  this  good  work  to  <"he  priests  of  the  diocese,  but  it  is  ucH 
known  whose  hand  has  guided  all  the  work,  whose  wise  councils 
and  hearty  encouragement  has  been  so  large  a  part  of  the  success 
attained.  It  is  not  often  that  close  students  and  those  who  love 
to  dwell  with  the  master  minds  of  the  past  and  present  are  very 
successful  in  the  ordinary  affairs  of  life.  Bishop  Spalding  is  :. 
brilliant  exception  to  this  rule.  His  practical  shrewdness  ;uid 
clear-cut  business  tact  have  made  his  opinion  on  business  matters 
highly  valued  and  much  sought  after  by  men  of  the  world. 

That  the  efforts  of  Archbishop  Ireland,  Bishop  Spalding  and 
those  associated  with  them  were  eminently  successful  can  l)e 
seen  in  the  thrifty  Catholic  population  in  the  parts  of  IMinnesota 
and  Nebraska  where  their  colonies  were  located 

Those  who  have  once  read  one  of  his  works  seek  with  avidity 
all  further  productions  of  his  pen.  This  longing  is  expressed 
so  much  better  than  we  can  say  it  by  the  editor  of  the  Catholic 
Union  and  7 imcs,  that  we  reproduce  here  in  full  his  remarks  on 
the  subject: 

"  The  charm  of  Bishop  Spalding's  writings — both  in  prose 
and  verse — is  that  he  never  repeats  himself.  "The  world  abounds 
to-day  with  literary  pushers  who  display  a  woeful  poverty  of 
originality.  Once  read,  you  have  their  entire  stock  in  trade;  for 
in  all  their  after  efforts  there  is  nothing  but  the  same  old  thought 
trotted  out  to  do  magazine  or  newspaper  service  in  a  sort  of  new- 
fangled verbose  dress.  The  cool  imposition  of  such  writers  is 
not  more  surprising  than  the  patient  endurance  of  the  public 
with  such  shallow  pretense.  How  different  the  Bishop  of  Peoria ! 
His  thoughts  are  copious,  clear  and  deep  as  the  v.-aters  of  a  Hnipid 
spring,  and,  while  heart  and  brain  are  bathed  in  their  crystalline 
flow,  there  is  ever  a  quenchless  longing  and  a  sigh  of  the  soul 
for  more." 

His  principal  productions  not  mentioned  elsewhere  in  ihis 
article  are  "Essays  and  Reviews,"  "Education  and  the  Higher 
Life,"  and  "Lectures  and  Discourses."    He  is  not  a  frequent. but 


ILLINOIS — RKLIGION. 


163 


uhvavs  a  valued  and  inuch-soiiglit-for  contributor  in  prose  and 
verse  to  our  best  magazines  and  reviews. 

We  must  not  close  this  sketch  without  referring  to  Bishop 
Spalding's  efforts  to  erect  in  this  countr}-  a  school  for  the  higher 
education  of  Catholic  youth,  both  lay  and  cleric.  He  saw  that 
our  educational  institutions  were  merely  preparatory,  fitting 
their  students  for  the  ordinarj^  affairs  of  life,  but  leaving  no 
forces  in  reserve  for  times  of  emergency.  This  deficiency  he  en- 
deavored to  supply  by  the  erection  of  a  Catholic  University. 
One  would  imagine  that  such  a  project  would  be  hailed  with  de- 
lij^ht  as  soon  as  broached,  especially  when  along  with  the  proposi- 
tion were  offered  the  funds  necessary  to  carry  it  into  effect.  We 
are  nevertheless  compelled  to  record  the  fact  that  the  foundation 
of  our  Catholic  University  met  with  opposition  where  it  was  least 
expected,  and  that  its  inauguration  was  attended  by  obstacles 
wliich  at  times  threatened  to  destroy  it.  Bishop  Spalding  in  this 
only  experienced  the  reception  met  with  by  his  illustrious  uncle 
when  he  founded  the  American  college  at  Louvain.  Like  him 
also,  be  snatched  success  from  the  jaws  of  defeat,  and  placed  his 
cherished  institutioii  on  such  a  firm  basis  that  it  can  no  longer 
be  looked  upon  as  an  experiment.  His  appointment  as  president 
of  the  Catholic  Educational  Exhibit  at  the  World's  Fair  was  a 
wise  one.  Whether  he  be  appointed  to  succeed  Archbishop  Ken- 
rick  in  St.  Louis,  or  be  permitted  to  pursue  in  peace  his  life  of 
study  in  Peoria  the  Colorado  Catholic  believes  that  it  echoes  the 
heart-felt  wish  of  all  who  may  read  these  lines  when  it  says: 
"May  he  long  be  spared  to  the  church  in  America,  to  strengthen 
by  his  voice  and  pen  the  sacred  cause  of  God  and  truth." 


/Ilinois  SoGieticg. 


■  I 


GRAND    ARMY    OF    TIIK     RKl'l  HI.IC — VOUXG     MKX'S     CHRISTIAN 

ASvSOCIATION — women's   CHRISTIAN   TEMPERANCE   UNION 

—  CHRISTIAN    ENDEAVOR  —  KPWORTH    LEAGUP:. 


GRAND    ARMY    01>'    THE    REPUBLIC. 


p:^HH  first  Grand  Army  Post  hi  the  United  States 
was  organized  at  Decatur,  in  tliis  State,  April  6, 
1 866,  with  Gen.  Isaac  C.  Pngh  as  Commander. 
The  Department  of  Illinois  was  organized  Jiilv 
12,  i866,  at  Springfield,  and  Gen.  John  W. 
Palmer  was  elected  the  first  Department  Com- 
mander. The  history  of  the  Grand  Army,  in 
the  State  which  gave  it  birth,  is  one  of  strugt^lc 
and  misfortnne.  Althongh  there  were  reported  to  be  about  330 
Posts  in  the  State  in  1869,  two  3'ears  later  the  number  had  de- 
creased to  less  than  twenty-five,  and  a  little  later  the  nnmber  was 
narrowed  down  to  onl}-  one — Nevins  Post,  now  Nnmber  i,  at  Rock- 
ford.  Since  that  time  the  Department  has  steadilj''  gained  in 
nnmbers  and  influence,  and  in  1892  was  represented  at  the 
National  Encampment  b}-  620  Posts.  The  membership,  Decem- 
ber 31,1891,  was  32,984,  and  the  deaths  reported  for  the  year 
were  477. 

The  Women's  Relief  Corps  is  reported  in  excellent  condi- 
tion and  in  hearty  S3nnpathy  with  the  Grand  Army,  in  whose 
charitable  labors  they  are  co-workers.  The  Sons  and  Daughters 
of  Veterans  are  also  faithfully  carrying  forward  the  ministry  of 
love  inaugurated  by  their  honored  sires. 


Illinuis 


1(14 


ILLINOIS  —  SOCI KTI KS. 


T&5 


At  the  Department  Encanipiiient  in  i8(S4  a  committee  con- 
sisting of  Post  Department  Commanders  H.  Hilliard,  E.  D. 
Swain,  J.  W.  Bnrst  and  T.  G.  Lawler,  Avas  appointed  to  ot)tain 
statistics  as  to  the  number  of  dependent  soldiers  in  the  State; 
to  niemoralize  the  Legislature  on  the  necessity  of  at  ouce  pro- 
viding a  Heme  for  the  comfort  of  these  veterans,  aiid  to  prepare 
a  bill  for  the  consideration  of  the  Legislature  covering  the  objects 
to  be  accomplished,  in  order  that  a  Home  could  be  provided  for  a 
limited  number  of  veterans  at  the  earliest  date. 

The  committee  secured  from  the  Legislature  an  appropri- 
ation of  $200,000  for  the  construction  of  the  buildings,  and 
enough  cottages  were  built  to  accommodate  all  veterans  who  were 
in  the  charitable  institutions  of  the  State  before  the  severe  cold 
weather  of  the  late  fall  came  iipon  them. 

The  Legislature  of  18S6  and  1S87  made  an  appropriation 
for  buildings  and  maintenance  and  the  total  appropriations  up  to 
1889  were  $605,500.  The  number  of  inmates  at  that  date  was 
562  and  cottages  have  since  been  constructed,  increasing  the  ac- 
commodations to  750  men. 


THE    VOCNX;    MEN  S   CHRISTIAN    ASSOCIATION. 

The  growth  of  Young  Men's  Christian  Association  work  in 
Illinois  is  a  most  noteworth}'  feature  of  the  histor}-  of  this  great 
State.  The  first  Association  organized  was  at  Chicago,  in  June, 
1S58,  large!}-  under  the  leadership  of  Mr.  D.  L.  Moody,  who  de- 
voted his  energies  to  this  line  of  work  for  some  years.  The 
great  work  which  he  has  accomplished  and  is  accomplishing  is 
dne  in  no  small  measure  to  the  training  and  development  re- 
ceived while  in  the  Young  Men's  Christian  Association  of  Chi- 
cago. He  has  spoken  thus  of  the  Association:  ''It  has,  under 
God,  done  more  in  developing  me  for  christian  work  than  any 
otlier  agency." 

The  growth  diiring  the  next  twenty  years  was  steady,  ex- 
tending into  many  of  the  important  cities  of  the  State.  In  1869 
and  1870  a  closer  supervision  of  the  Association  was  taken  up, 


1 66 


THE   WHITE  CITV  —  ILLINOIS. 


Mr.  Robert  W'eld.'iisall,  Western  vSecretar}-  of  the  International 
Committee,  devoting  much  time  to  traveling  in  the  State  and 
organizing  and  directing  Associations  in  their  work.  In  iSjj 
Mr.  C.  M.  Morton  was  secured  as  State  Secretar}'  for  Illinois; 
after  three  years  of  faithful  service  he  resigned  to  take  up 
general  evangelistic  work.  In  June,  i8So,  Mr.  J.  E.  Brown  was 
secured  as  State  Secretary,  and  under  his  able  leadership  the 
Association  work  has  steadily  grown  and  prospered.  There  are 
now  but  three  cities  with  oyer  ten  thousand  population  in  the 
State  which  are  without  a  well-equipped  Young  Men's  Christian 
Association.  The  lines  of  work  maintained  are  numerous  and 
varied,  as  the  following  brief  outline  shows: 

Sociall}'  —  through  pleasant,  home-like  quarters,  social 
gatherings,  games  and  entertainments. 

Physical!}' — through  gymnasiums,  athletics,  out-door  sports, 
bath-rooms,  health  talks,  etc. 

Intellcctuall}- — through  lectures,  practical  talks,  reading 
rooms,  and  educational  classes,  giving  evening  instruction  in 
practical  studies. 

Spiritually — through  Gospel  meetings  and  Bible  classes, 
Christian  friendship,  and  direction  into  church  relations. 

In  addition  to  these  the  association  is  helpful  to  young  men 
in  finding  suitable  boarding  places,  in  securing  emploj^ment,  by 
x'isitation  and  care  in  sickness  and  in  man}'  other  ways. 

The  Associations  are  also  organized  among  young  men  in 
the  small  towns,  where  a  necessarily  circumscribed,  bnt  not 
unimportant,  work  is  accomplished.  Associations  also  exist  in 
thirty  of  the  leading  colleges  of  the  State,  where  systematic  and 
thorough  work  by  christian  students  is  being  organized  and  con- 
ducted. A  number  of  Railroad  Branches  also  exist,  and  the 
prospect  for  the  further  organization  of  this  department  is  en- 
couraging, as  a  number  of  the  leading  Railroad  corporations  are 
asking  that  pleasant  rooms  with  christian  influence  be  established 
for  their  men  at  important  division  points.  Another  interesting 
feature  is  the  system  of  corresponding  members  of  the  State  As- 


W.  C.  T.  U.  Temple,  Chicago. 


■»mamm£m£Ssm 


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Amelia 


IIJ.IXOIS  —  SOCIIvTIKS. 


167 


sociation,  in  towns  where  no  Association  exists.  The  plan  is  to 
secure  a  capable  christian  man  in  every  town,  who  is  the  oflBcial 
representative  of  the  Association  for  his  community.  Whenever 
a}(»ung  man  leaves  his  town  to  locate  in  a  large  city  or  to  enter 
colle.tje,  he  is  supplied  with  a  note  introducing  him  to  the  Young 
MeiTs  Christian  Association  where  he  goes,  so  that  he  may  be 
cordially  welcomed  to  the  privileges  there. 

There  are  at  present  (June  1893)  ninety-nine  Associations 
in  the  vState,  beside  364  towns  having  corresponding  members. 

The  Associations,  at  their  annual  State  Convention,  appoint 
a  State  Executive  Committee  consiting  of  twenty-seven  leading 
business  men  froni  all  parts  of  the  State,  who  have  charge  of  the 
supcr\ision  and  extension  of  the  work.  They  employ  a  corps 
of  secretaries,  consisting  of  the  State  Secretary  (having  general 
supervision  of  the  whole  field),  a  traveling  secretary  for  the  city 
and  railroad  Associations,  for  the  college  departments  and  for  the 
village  Associations;  also  a  Financial  Secretary,  Secretary  for 
the  Corresponding  IMembership  Department  and  an  Office  Secre- 
tary. 

The  Young  Men's  Christian  Association  is  recognized  as  a 
special  department  of  church  work,  confining  its  efforts  to  young 
men.  It  is  established  by  the  churches,  .'supported  by  the 
churches  and  governed  by  the  churches,  being  interdenomina- 
tional in  its  work.  Pastors  everywhere  bear  testimony  as  to  its 
value.     The  total  membership  in  the  State  is  14,000. 

woman'vS  christian  tp:mperanck  union. 

The  organization  of  the  Woman's  Christian  Temperance 
Uuion  for  Illinois  was  effected  in  1874,  the  first  Annual  Conven- 
tion being  held  at  Bloomington,  in  October  of  that  3'ear.  The 
State  officers  for  1892-93  are:  President,  Mrs.  Louise  S.  Rounds, 
Chicago  ;  Vice-President,  Mrs.  Daisy  H.  Carlock,  Hudson  ;  Cor- 
responding Secretary-,  Miss  Mary  C.  Gregory,  Chicago;  Record- 
'ng  Secretary,  Mrs.  Carrie  L-  Grout,  Rockford  ;  Treasurer,  Mrs. 
Amelia  E.  Sanford,  Bloomington. 


1 68 


TiiK  wnrrH  crrv — ii.lin'ois. 


Illinois  is  divided  iiitr  twenty  Districts,  which  are  practi- 
cally identical  with  the  Congressional  Districts  of  the  vStatc, 
with  presidents  in  the  order  named:  Mrs.  Theo.  Basset,  Grand 
Crossing;  Mrs.  M.  A.  Gordon,  Chicago;  Mrs.  H.  I,.  Clarke, 
Chicago  ;  Mrs.  T.  C.  Reiley,  Evanston ;  Miss  Emma  Norton, 
Marengo;  Miss  M.  Lena  Morrow,  Freeport;  Mrs.  E.  E.  Reed, 
Geneseo;  Mrs.  V.  M.  Taxis,  Gardner ;  Miss  Luc}'  P.  Gaston,  La- 
con;  Mrs.  Elizabeth  G.  Hibben,  Peoria;  Miss  Emma  Ikll, 
Warsaw;  IMrs.  Wni.  P.  Knhl,  Beardstown;  Mrs.  Don.  R.  Frazer, 
{/>n)/rm.),  Springfield;  Miss  Margaret  Crissey,  Decatnr;  Mrs. 
Kate  Goldman,  Newman  ;  Miss  M.  C.  Brehm,  Claremont;  Mrs. 
Clara  F.  Gonld,  Windsor ;  Mrs.  M.  K.  West,  Edwardsville;  Mrs. 
M.  C.  Board,  Harrisbnrg;  Mrs.  M.  A.  Phillips,  Carbondale. 

Again,  there  are  County  Organizations,  with  their  presi- 
dents, the  counties  being  divided  into  auxilliaries.  As  reported 
at  the  last  convention,  which  met  in  October,  1892,  at  Danville, 
there  were  800  Unions  in  the  State,  and  a  membership  of  16,000, 
Illinois  standing  third  in  rank  in  the  United  States,  New  York 
holding  first  and  Ohio  second  place. 

The  various  Departments  of  M-ork  are  placed  in  charge  of 
Superintendents,  who  report  at  the  annual  convention  the  results 
of  their  labors,  and  encouraging  indeed  are  these  statements  of 
progress,  as  made  by  the  earnest  women  who  are  identified  with 
this  good  cause. 

The  Chicago  Central  Union  may  be  mentioned,  in  this  con- 
nection, as  doing  a  noble  work  through  its  several  Missions. 
From  twenty-five  to  thirty  children  are  cared  for  dail}^  at  the 
nursery  of  the  Bethesda  Mission,  which  has  also  a  free  kinder- 
garten with  a  regular  attendance  of  about  forty  pupils.  Sunday 
School  is  held  at  this  Mission  and  is  well  attended,  as  are  also 
the  evening  meetings  at  the  same  place.  Hope  Mission  and 
reading-room,  for  Scandinavians,  snstrins  a  gospel  temperance 
meeting  ever}^  evening,  and  Sunda3'-school  every  Sunday,  at 
which  latter  gathering  about  eight  thousand  children  have  been 
present  during  the  past  5'eai".      Anchorage  Mission,  for  \\'onien, 


ILLINOIS  —  SOCIKTiKvS. 


169 


has  placed  in  good  positions  several  hnndred  girls  dnring  the 
same  period.  Talcott  Mission  has  also  a  day  nursery  andkinder- 
jrarten,  and,  for  the  year  1S92,  10,000  children  were  accommo- 
dated in  the  Home  and  about  14,000  meals  were  given  away  to 
die  poor  of  the  district.  The  cost  of  Mission  work  of  the  Chi- 
cago Central  Union,  for  the  year  ending  October,  1892,  was  $10,- 
800,  which  amount  was  raised  by  subscriptions  and  donations. 
This  Union  has  also  other  Departments  of  work,  such  as  a 
FlcAvcr  Mission,  Press  Work  and  Franchise,  in  charge  of  regu- 
larly appointed  Superintendents. 

The  State  Headquarters  of  the  Woman's  Christian  Temper- 
flticc  Union  are  at  Room  iioi,  "The  Temple,"  Chicago. 

SOCIETY   OK   CHRISTIAN    KNDKAVOR. 

The  State  organization  was  perfected  in  October,  1886,  at 
Blooniiugton,  Illinois,  at  which  time  Chas.  "R.  Holdrege  was 
elected  president.  At  the  first  State  Convention  about  thirty 
delegates  were  present;  in  1892,  two  thousand  representatives 
attended  the  International  meeting  in  New  York,  out  of  the 
sixty  thousand  membership  in  the  State  at  that  time,  and  Illinois 
was  onl}'  surpassed  in  the  number  of  societies  by  the  States  of 
New  York  and  Pennsylvania. 

The  officers  of  the  Illinois  Christian  Endeavor  Union  for 
1892-3,  are:  President,  Chas.  B.  Holdrege,  Chicago;  Vice- 
President,  Hope  Reed  Cod}^,  Chicago;  Secretarj^,  Charles  F. 
Mills,  Springfield;  Treasurer,  F.  D.  Rugg,  Champaign;  Auditor, 
C.  A.  Chappell,  Chicago;  State  Superintendent  Junior  Work, 
Thomas  Wainright,  Chicago;  State  Superintendent  Missionary 
Department,  Miss  Frances  B.  Patterson,  Chicago;  State  Super- 
intendent Normal  Department  (Bible  Study),  J.  D.  Templeton, 
Bloomington.     The  following  are  the  Advisory  Board : 

Congregational — Rev.  J.  M.  Sturtevant,  D.  D.,  Galesburg. 

Presbyterian — Rev.  W.  H.  Penhallegon,  D.  D.,  Decatur. 

Baptist— Rev.  L.  A.  Crandall,  D.  D.,  Chicago. 

Methodist— Rev.  W.  O.  Shepard,  D.  D.,  Rockford. 


ii- 

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I70 


TMH   WIIITK   CITY — ILLINOIS. 


i 

1 

•1 

Christian — Rev.  G.  A.  Miller,  Normal. 
Cuinbcrland  Presbyterian — Rev.  R.  M.Tinnon,D.D.,  Lincoln. 
Methodist  Protestant— Rev.  A.  H.  Widney,  Cuba. 
Lutheran— Rev.  M.  F.  Troxell,  D.  D.,  Springfield. 
Reformed  Episcopal — Rev.  M.  Fairly,  Peoria. 
United  Presbyterian — Rev.  John  Knox  Montgomery,  Spuria. 
Vice-President  of  the  United  Society  for  Illinois — Rt.   Rev. 
Charles  Edward  Cheney,  D.  D.,  Chicago. 

lU'WORTII    LIvACUK. 

A  week  after  the  formation  of  the  Epworth  League  an  en- 
thusiastic sp;:akcr  predicted  that  within  five  years  5,000  chapters 
would  be  organized.  At  the  time  it  .seemed  a  daring  assertion, 
but  figures  prove  that  the  speaker  did  not  over-estimate  its  won- 
derful growth,  since  in  less  than  four  years  over  10,000  chapters 
have  been  organized  in  one  religious  denomination  (the  Method- 
ist) alone. 

Illinois  has  been  bearing  well  her  part  in  point  of  numbers 

and  interest.  The  first  State  Convention  was  held  in  Chicago, 
July  18,  1892,  at  the  Cen*-Miary  Methodist  Episcopal  Church, 
and  about  1,000  delegates  were  present.  The  closing  services 
of  the  convention  were  conducted  at  the  Auditorium,  which  was 
filled  with  interested  listeners. 

The  State  has  at  present  about  1,200  chapters,  averaginj,^ 
fifty  members  each,  with  officers,  as  follow:  President,  H.  V. 
Holt,  Evanston  ;  First  Vice-President,  Chas.  E.  Piper,  Chicago; 
Second  Vice-President,  A.  G.  Johnson,  Galesburg;  Third  \icc- 
President,  R.  G.  Hobbs,  Champaign;  Fourth  Vice-President, 
R.  W.  Ropiequet,  Belleville;  Se  -etar}^,  F.  H  Cumming,  Galva; 
Treasurer,  J.  R.  Lindgun,  Chicago. 

The  Epworth  Herald  is  the  official  organ  of  the  League  and 
is  published  weekly  in  Chicago,  Joseph  F.  Berry  editing  tli-  in- 
teresting sheet.  The  central  office  of  the  Epworth  League  is 
located  at  57  Washington  street,  Chicago. 


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